PASSIVE VOICE
I/ FORM:
S + be + V(PP) + by + O
*be chia theo thì của V.
*PP – động từ phân từ II.
Ex 1: COVID-19 was first encountered in China.
Ex 2: The rooms are swept every day.
II/ SOME SPECIAL PASSIVE STRUCTURES
1/ Với động từ “make/ let + O + V”
S + make + O + V => S + be + made + to V
S + let + O + V => S + be + allowed + to V
Ex 1: She makes her students study hard.
=> Her students are made to study hard.
Ex 2: She lets her students discuss the lesson freely.
=> Her students are allowed to discuss the lesson freely.
2/ Với động từ theo sau dạng nguyên thể và động từ đuôi –ING
S + V (hope, wish, want) + to – infinitive => S + V + to be PP
S + V (remmeber, forget) + V-ing => S + V + being PP
Ex 1: Ms Van Anh expects all students to love her.
=> Ms Van Anh expects to be loved by all students.
Ex 2: Ms Van Anh expects all students to loveher lesson.
=> Ms Van Anh expects her lesson to be loved by all students.
Ex 3: I remember my Dad taking me to school on the first day.
=> I remember being taken to school on the first day by my Dad.
3/ Với động từ tường thuật/ chỉ ý kiến “say, report, think, believe, rumour...”
People/ They + V1 + that + S + V2
=> It + be + PP (V1) that + S + V2
=> S + be PP (V1) + to V2 (V1 cùng thì V2)
+ to have PP (V1 khác thì V2)
Ex 1: People believe that Ms Van Anh is chubby.
=> It is believed that Ms Van Anh is chubby.
=> Ms Van Anh is believedto be chubby.
Ex 2: They rumour that Ms Van Anh was very thin 10 years ago.
=> It is rumoured that Ms Van Anh was very thin 10 years ago.
=> Ms Van Anh is rumouredto have been very thin 10 years ago.
4/ Với động từ “have/ get”
S + have SBD V + O; S + get SBD to V + O => S + have/ get + O + PP
Ex: I had a famous tailor make this dress./ I got a famous tailor to make this dress.
=> I had/ got this dress made by a famous tailor.
III/ PRACTICE EXAMPLES:
*Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1/ Have you ______ by a dog?
A. bite B.bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit
2/ I wanted ______ by the head of the company, but it was possible.
A. to see B.seeing C. to be seen D. being to see.
3/ It will never forget ______ to the Royal Garden Party, where the superb cuisines were served amid luxurious surroundings.
A. to invite B.being invited C. to be invited D. inviting
4/ As they remembered ______ about the danger of getting lost in the forest, the tourists closely followed the tour guide.
A. being warned B.warning C. to be warned D. to warn
*Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction.
5/ This (A) report will be read (B) at the conference (C) at 8 am by the chairman (D).
6/ The children (A) were made stay(B)at home (C) to avoid the disease (D).
*Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicatethe sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
7/ How do people learn languages?
A. How are languages learned? B.How are languages learned by people?
C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how?
8/ It is believed that modern farming methods have greatly improved farmers’ lives.
A. Farmers are believed to have enjoyed a much better life thanks to modern farming methods.
B.Modern farming methods were believed to have greatly improved farmers’ lives.
C. Modern farming methods are believed to have had negative effects on farmers’ lives.
D. People believe that there is little improvement in farmers’ lives thanks to modern farming methods.
9/ They report that soil pollution has seriously threatened the livelihood of many local farmers.