UNIT 11: CHANGING ROLES IN SOCIETY
A. PHONETICS
I.

Mark the replies with falling (agreeing) or rising (disagreeing) arrows. Then practice saying them.

1.

A: E-learning may be able to completely replace the traditional classroom.
B: That's impossible.

2.

A: Women have recently made dramatic gains in electoral politics, winning a number of high profile
positions in the government.
B: Really?

3.

A: These days more fathers stay at home and take care of their children.
B: Well, it's true.

4.

A: With both husband and wife working outside the home, the housework and family responsibilities
have to be shared.
B: You are so right.

5.

A: I think more parents will choose distant work to take good care of their children.
B: Well, maybe not.

6.

A: Social media on the Internet are playing an important role in the development of teenagers' identity.
B: That's exactly what I think.

7.

A: Digital technology can be the teacher of the future.
B: I don't think so.

8.

A: In the near future, artificial intelligence will be used in every aspect of life.
B: Are you sure?

II. Complete the replies with the sentences from the box, then mark them with falling or rising
arrows.

1.

How about traveling by train?

OK, I see your point.

Me too.

Really? Not me.

I agree!

I'd love to but it's late.

A: I think mothers work harder than fathers!
B: _________________. I think they both work equally hard.

2.

A: Cell phones should be made so that they can't work inside a car.
B: __________________It is dangerous using mobile phone while driving.

3.

A: Traveling by plane is a little bit expensive but safe and fast.
B: _______________________You can relax and see the sights of the country.

4.

A: Would you like to come up for a coffee?
B: ________________________________

5.

A: I think traditional classroom learning is better than online learning.
B: _________________Classroom learning is more helpful due to a continuous interaction between
students and teachers.

6.

A: The early flight might be cheaper, but we won't enjoy our first day there because we'll be so tired!
B: __________________Let's book the later one instead.

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I.

Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
burden

financial

facilitator

male-dominated

vision

content

breadwinner

hands-on

externally

responsive

1.

She has a ______ of a future where every person's rights are respected and protected.

2.

The government should be more ______ to the needs of the homeless in the city.

3.

In a traditional role, men are often expected to be the family's ______ .

4.

Ninety-nine per cent of primary pupils now have ______ experience of computers.

5.

Women are lending a helping hand to their spouses in bearing the ______ of household expenses.

6.

The teacher has to play the role of a ______ in the classroom.

7.

Women today are not ______ just to stay at home and raise their children.

8.

If used ______ , tea tree oil appears to be a safe product.

9.

______ independence is the ability to earn one's own living.

10. Pakistan is a ______ society. It is a social system in which men hold power over women.
II. Match the verbs with their definitions.
1.

facilitate

a. make something for a particular purpose

2.

evaluate

b. see something happen

3.

tailor

c. judge the quality or value of something

4.

take place

d. make a formal request, usually in writing

5.

witness

e. make something possible or easier

6.

dominate

f. take part in

7.

orient

g. control or have a lot of influence over somebody or something

8.

participate

h. happen

9.

apply

i. be present at an event such as a meeting or a class

10. attend

j. aim something at someone or something

III. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in part II.
1.

The research ______ were all undergraduate students in their final year.

2.

All our courses can be ______ to the needs of individuals.

3.

Unlike high school, ______ at most colleges' classrooms is not compulsory.

4.

The technique is not widely practised and requires further ______ .

5.

To ______ learning, each class is no larger than 30 students.

6.

______ to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster.

7.

Due to COVID 19, traditional face-to-face exams will not ______. Students will take a 45-minute
online free-response exam.

8.

Western society tends to be more collective than individually ______ .

9.

In most countries men play a ______ role in the major decisions of everyday life.

10. All suitable ______ will normally be invited to attend for interview.
IV. Underline the correct option.

1.

Instructors should have appropriate facilitation / facilitator skills and be able to develop learner
autonomy.

2.

As a former schoolmaster, he has always been a firm support / supporter of traditional learning
methods.

3.

The company is one of the largest provisions / providers of employment in the area.

4.

Scientists make a prediction / predictor that the earth will be deprived of certain natural resources for
the coming generations.

5.

Modern education / educators prefer a different approach to the teaching of reading.

6.

The online application / appliance process is simple and can take a few minutes.

7.

An employer / employee is a vital component of the company and should be treated fairly.

8.

Please complete this section before submitting to evaluation / evaluator.

9.

Some interviews / interviewers make an effort to put candidates at ease.

10. The Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago attracted nearly 90,000 attendees / attendants and
1,200 exhibitors.
V. Complete the sentences with the phrases formed with sense of.
humor
purpose

style

responsibility

achievement

direction

shame

time

fun
occasion

1.

Martin has a good _______. He doesn't have to work very hard at making other people laugh.

2.

Alzheimer concluded that she had no _______ and place, and she could barely remember recent things.

3.

She had a poor _______ and soon got lost.

4.

He is a master of design, and he's got a really great _______ .

5.

Repairing the car by himself gave him a real _______ .

6.

A _______ is an awareness of one's obligations.

7.

He remembered what he had done with a deep _______ .

8.

Students learn best when they have a positive self-esteem and _______ .

9.

Candles on the table gave the evening a _______ .

10. Don't be angry - it was just a joke - where's your _______ ?
VI. Complete the sentences with the future simple (active or passive) of the verbs in the box.
endanger

dominate

replace

post

teach

carry out

produce

focus

become

lead

1.

In the future, paper books _______ by books in electronic formats.

2.

The new computer chip _______ in Dresden.

3.

Soon, online courses _______ readily accessible on mobile devices.

4.

The growth of online shopping _______ to the closure of shops in cities and towns.

5.

_______ the cities of future _______ by robots?

6.

All the lessons _______ on our Facebook's group later.

7.

The company _______ on dairy product once being put into operation.

8.

Science and Mathematics subjects _______ in English by native speakers.

9.

By 2040,90 per cent of household chores _______ by robots, drones, and AI.

10. Pessimists predict that robots _______ jobs across the globe, and not only in industrial production.
VII. Use the passive voice to rewrite these sentences.
1.

I think robots won't completely replace humans in the workplace.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
2.

Space X will send three tourists to the International Space Station next year.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
3.

They will build solar panels into building materials to power your house.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
4.

Will online learning take over traditional learning methods?

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
5.

Domestic robots will free women from cooking, cleaning, and laundry.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
6.

Will Hyundai make flying cars for Uber's air taxi service by the mid-2020s?

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
7.

They will use Volocopter air taxis to ease traffic congestion in major cities.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
8.

We all hope schools will replace exam-oriented education with quality-oriented education.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
9.

Pinewood Studio will rebuild the James Bond stage, which was destroyed by fire at the weekend.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
10. They won't hold Tokyo Olympics this year because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
VIII. Fill in each blank with a suitable relative pronoun.
1.

Three years later, we moved to Sao Paulo, _______ we lived for six years.

2.

Bill Clinton, _______ wife is a brilliant lawyer, became the President of the US in 1993.

3.

Mrs Smith, _______ has a lot of teaching experience at junior level, will be joining the school in
September.

4.

Sydney, _______ has a population of more than three million, is Australia's largest city.

5.

Darwin, _______ views changed out view of the world, travelled to a lot of countries.

6.

The hijacker gave himself up to police, _______ are now questioning him.

7.

We are going to see the new Tom Carter film, _______ was released on Friday.

8.

One writer in _______ I had taken an interest was Immanuel Velikovsky.

9.

Tina got very good marks in the exam, _______ pleased her parents and teachers.

10. December, _______ Christmas is celebrated, is a summer month for the southern hemisphere.
11. The refugees, many of _______ were old and ill, were allowed across the border.
12. We looked at three flats to let, one of _______ seemed suitable, though it was expensive.
IX. Make a non-defining relative clause from the two sentences.
1.

Catherine ruled Russia for over 30 years. She made many important changes.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
2.

The woman next door is moving next month. I met her for the first time last week.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
3.

Starbucks wants to open new stores in China. It does business all over the world.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
4.

I met Julie in the Italian restaurant. She was working as a waitress there.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
5.

The Games International Company has just gone bankrupt. We have done business with them for many
years.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
6.

Our professor of psychology has written some very interesting books. I always attend her lectures.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
7.

Jane has decided to go and teach abroad. It will be an interesting experience for her.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
8.

My two cousins are coming to visit next week. I have seen neither of them for ten years.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
9.

And then Mary walked in. We had been talking about her earlier.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
10. The last time I went to Scotland was in May. The weather was very beautiful then.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
X. Correct the mistakes with relative clauses or punctuation and write the sentences on the line
below.
1.

The Glastonbury Festival which is held every June is the largest music festival in the world.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
2.

The journalist, who work involves a huge amount of international travel, is currently in South America.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
3.

The subtropical gardens, where we love to walk round, are open all year.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
4.

Queensland and Victoria, that are Australian states, are named after Queen Victoria.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
5.

She knew very little about the man with who she had promised to spend the summer.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
6.

The weather is very cold at this time of year, that is why I don't go out very much.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
7.

Next Saturday, I'm going to visit my father who is staying in a nursing home.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
8.

There are only one or two Greek Islands, which I haven't visited.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
9.

The houses on Canal Street, many of them had been damaged in the storm, looked abandoned.

→ ____________________________________________________________________________
10. Do you know any website that I can search for medical information?
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
11. We've just bought a computer package that it teaches you how to play the piano.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
12. The swimming pool I often went to it when I was a child has been closed.
→ ____________________________________________________________________________
XI. Choose the best answer a, b, c, or d to complete the sentence.
1.

My chemistry professor, from _______ I received a fantastic recommendation, has left the university.
a. that

2.

8.

b. are allowed

c. will allow

d. will be allowed

b. when

c. where

d. that

b. be revising

c. be revised

d. being revised

b. who

c. which

d. Ø

The committee, _______ by the Board of Directors next week, is going to be responsible for solving the
discipline problems.
a. appointing

b. be appointed

c. who is appointed

d. which will be appointed

When I visit the company _______ I used to work I become very emotional.
a. that

9.

d. where we spent

Will Smith, _______ recent movies have been serious, was once considered a comic actor.
a. whose

7.

c. we spent

I'll _______ for my exams this weekend so I think I'll stay in on Saturday night.
a. revise

6.

b. that we spent it

At midnight, _______ the fireworks start, the band is going to start playing.
a. which

5.

d. whom

Beginning next semester, only registered students _______ to enter the building at night.
a. allow

4.

c. who

My favourite holiday was the one _______ in a cottage in the mountains.
a. which spent

3.

b. which

b. whose

c. where

d. which

Please don't waste a lot of time correcting details _______ completely inaccurate.
a. that aren't

b. that isn't

c. that they aren't

d. that it isn't

10. What is the name of the hotel _______ you recommended I stay at when visiting Seoul?
a. what

b. where

c. that

d. whose

11. He's the professor whose classes _______ well on standardized tests.
a. always score

b. are always scored

c. are always scoring

d. will be always scored

12. It's believed that many more people _______ of skin cancer over the next ten years.
a. will die

b. will be died

c. have died

d. are died

13. I told my professor I'd turn in the essay at 9 o'clock, _______ means I'm going to be up all night.
a. who

b. when

c. that

d. which

14. The book was written by his wife, Joan, _______ he married in 1962.
a. that

b. which

c. whom

d. Ø

15. Due to the company's need to increase production, the lunch break _______ from one hour to forty-five
minutes.
a. has reduced

b. are reduced

c. was reducing

d. will be reduced

16. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, _______ was born in 1815, was one of the foremost women's-rights activists.
a. that

b. which

c. who

d. whom

XII. Fill in each blank with a suitable preposition.
1.

I really like Pam because she has a really good sense _______ humor.

2.

Apart _______ vaccines, there is no known way to protect against meningitis.

3.

What conditions can make governments more responsive _______ the public?

4.

If you're never content _______ what you have, you can never have enough.

5.

The cost of cancer treatment often imposes a high financial burden _______ patients and their families.

6.

There's increasing demand _______ part-time jobs from female workers in many countries.

7.

Women now play an important role on the labour market and significantly contribute _______ socioeconomic development.

8.

Since 2012, women have participated _______ every Olympic sport at the Games.

9.

These days more fathers stay _______ home and take care _______ their children.

10. Employees will be evaluated _______ their performance, attendance, and team skills.
C. SPEAKING
I.

Use one of the expressions (A - H) in the box to respond to the statements (1 - 8).
A. It depends. To some people, marriage is much more important than anything else.
B. It's hard to say, but I hope so. I always treasure every minute I spend with my family.
C. Really? However, I think they can never be as good as teachers.
D. No doubt. I think the price of dosmetic robots will be cheaper so that every household
can afford one.
E. Absolutely not! The technology is advancing, but it's not perfect.
F. Yeah. But I think it would take a long time to make it come true.
G. No way! They should focus on their study rather than earn their livings at that age.
H. How come? Nothing can replace conventional education as students need more than
knowledge.

1. A: Domestic robots will take over routine household chores.
B: ____________________________________________________________________________
2. A: People definitely won't work longer hours in the future. They will come back home earlier to spend
time with their family.
B: ____________________________________________________________________________
3. A: You think teenagers should start working part-time once they enter high school?
B: ____________________________________________________________________________
4. A: There will be more and more males taking charge of housework. Some of them may quit job to take
care of their children.
B: ____________________________________________________________________________

5. A: Is online education going to replace classroom education soon?
B: ____________________________________________________________________________
6. A: Both males and females won't get married soon as they focus more on personal achievement.
B: ____________________________________________________________________________
7. A: Some experts predict that within the next ten years robots will be regularly used in classrooms around
the world.
B: ____________________________________________________________________________
8. A: I'm afraid that homeschooling will be dominant and we don't need real schools anymore.
B: ____________________________________________________________________________
II. Put the dialogue into the correct order.
___ Of course. Once they earn their livings, they can take care of themselves and to some extent, it
contributes to create gender equality.
___ Got it. Thank you for your sharing.
___ Definitely yes, but they may hope their husband share the chores with them, especially when they both
go to work.
___ You're welcome.
___ It depends, but they can choose to stay single as they wish.
___ I mean when women have more chances to work, they can live independently and happily.
___ Are you sure about that?
1 What are you reading?
___ I see. Won't they get married?
___ What do you mean?
___ So, if they have their own family, will they take care of it?
___ Cool. What do you think about it?
___ An article about the change of males and females' roles in society.
___ Well, from my perspectives, it brings more benefits than drawbacks.
D. READING
I. Complete the passage with words from the box.
breadwinning
previously

trend
caregiver

responsible

mutual

earning

associated

burden

speedy

In the past, fathers were not (1) ________ for taking care of their children, spend time with their
children, preparing food for them, and helping them in their homework. This happened because the sole
responsibility of (2) ________ was on the shoulder of men. Now, as women are sharing the financial (3)
________ , some fathers take care of their children while their mother is at the workplace. The depression,
egoistic behavior, and pride (4) ________ with being the sole financial supporter are eventually balanced by
the contribution of the female member. Therefore, the responsibility of child care is also showing a changing
(5) ________ .
The number of fathers deciding to stay home is rising at a (6) ________ pace. This may happen due to
several reasons such as females have strong earning power, and with the (7) ________ decision, they come
to the conclusion that one of them should be at home with children. There are many men today who feel like

acting as a primary (8) ________ being a father with kids. (9) ________ , you could not imagine that your
father would ever do laundry or cleaning. But today in the absence of mothers or even when they are
present, fathers share the responsibilities at home as women share the (10) ________ responsibility with
fathers. This is how has fatherhood changed over the years.
II. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.
With millions of jobs set to be replaced by changes in technology, we may not be able to stop the rise of
robots and automation. The robots are coming. We can see the enormous strides that technology makes each
year and the jobs taken over by automation. Yes, believe it or not, there really are robots performing
surgeries on humans. Robot-assisted surgery can give surgeons more precise control over their instruments
and an improved view of what they are doing.
Computer systems are becoming incredibly good at performing multi-faceted tasks. Take autonomous
cars which can be classified as robotic vehicles. Driving would fit all the criteria for a complicated task that
only humans should be able to perform, yet we have autonomous cars increasingly racking up the miles
collision free. In the game-playing arena, we are seeing machines beat the previously unbeatable
professional players and generally encroaching on skills that once belonged to humans alone. All these
technologies eventually can be integrated into robots. Are we close to the tipping point where humans
become redundant in many sectors?
According to a recent survey, four million jobs in the British private sector could be replaced by robots
in the next decade. That would impact on 15 percent of the current workforce and would have much the
same impact in Ireland. Of course, new opportunities will come along, particularly ones which require
strong cognitive and social skills, but this really means that people will have to become more human.
A. Match the bold words or phrases in the text with their definitions.
1.

having many different aspects

_________________

2.

combined with

_________________

3.

gaining

_________________

4.

relating to the processes of thinking and reasoning

_________________

5.

appear

_________________

6.

standards

_________________

7.

important positive developments

_________________

8.

taking more control

_________________

B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1.

We cannot put a stop on technology innovation.

2.

Robotic systems can help surgeons increase precision.

3.

Computer systems are only capable of carrying out multiple simple tasks.

4.

Driving task is so complex that it can't be performed by an autonomous vehicle.

5.

Self-driving cars can travel miles without accident.

6.

People in many sectors have lost their jobs because of automation.

7.

In the next ten years, robots could take over four million jobs in the British private sector.

8.

In the future, people will just do the jobs that require strong cognitive and social skills.

C. Answer the questions.
1.

Why is robot-assisted surgery used?
____________________________________________________________________________

2.

Can robots defeat human players in games?
____________________________________________________________________________

3.

What percentage of the Ireland workforce could be affected by the use of robots in 10 years' time?
____________________________________________________________________________

4.

Will technology create new job opportunities for the human race?
____________________________________________________________________________

5.

What jobs can human do better than robots?
____________________________________________________________________________

E. WRITING
I.

Reorder the words to make sentences.

1.

outside/ and served/ the home/ traditionally,/ men/ for the family/ have worked/ as the sole breadwinner.
____________________________________________________________________________

2.

at home/ raise the children/ in the past,/ to stay/ women/ and take care of/ were expected/ the household.
____________________________________________________________________________

3.

who/ of men/ has doubled/ stay-at-home fathers/ the number/ are/ in the past 20 years.
____________________________________________________________________________

4.

with/ women/ the financial burden/ their partners/ are capable of/ nowadays/ sharing.
____________________________________________________________________________

5.

a significant role/ in helping/ women's time/ technology/ free up/ plays.
____________________________________________________________________________

6.

teachers/ be replaced/ some experts/ would never/ said that/ by educational robots.
____________________________________________________________________________

7.

challenging/ creating robotic teachers/ that/ all job demands/ can meet/ might be.
____________________________________________________________________________

8.

the students/ important computer skills/ which/ online education/ play/ teaches/ in today's everyday life/
an important part.
____________________________________________________________________________

9.

by 2040/ household chores/ thanks to/ according to futurologists,/ robots, drones and AI/ 90 per cent of/
will be automated.
____________________________________________________________________________

10. we/ cook/ in the next 20 years/ appear/virtual chefs/ as holograms/ will see/ every step of the way/ to
help us.
____________________________________________________________________________
II. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.
1.

Quality-oriented education cannot fully replace exam-oriented education within a short period of time.

→ Exam-oriented education_________________________________________________________
2.

Robert Pattinson visited our school last week. He played Edward in the Twilight films.

→ Robert Pattinson________________________________________________________________
3.

Many people came to the meeting but some were half an hour late.

→ Many people came to the meeting, some ____________________________________________
4.

I sent you a postcard that was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.

→ The postcard___________________________________________________________________
5.

The man suddenly realized that the neighbour was watching him.

→ The man suddenly realized that he _________________________________________________
6.

“How about doing online shopping so that we can save time and energy?”

→ Ann suggested we_______________________________________________________________
7.

You'll lose your work unless you save it before closing the word-processing program.

→ If____________________________________________________________________________
8.

Is Saturday morning school compulsory in your country?

→ Do students____________________________________________________________________
9.

“Have you seen anyone who fits the description?”

→ The police asked me_____________________________________________________________
10. The Kenyan government should now pay more attention to gender inequality.
→ It's time ______________________________________________________________________

TEST FOR UNIT 11
I.

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.

1.

a. burden

b. student

c. humour

d. contribute

2.

a. affection

b. facilitate

c. attendance

d. application

3.

a. challenged

b. reduced

c. employed

d. performed

4.

a. process

b. society

c. certain

d. financial

5.

a. expert

b. externally

c. experience

d. explain

II. Choose the word that has the stress different from the rest.
1.

a. tailor

b. vision

c. demand

d. figure

2.

a. content

b. hands-on

c. virtual

d. facilitate

3.

a. independent

b. curriculum

c. externally

d. society

4.

a. communicator

b. interviewer

c. evaluator

d. facilitator

5.

a. consequently

b. individual

c. breadwinner

d. dominated

III. Mark each agree or disagree response with the correct tone, using falling or rising arrows.
Janet: I think we should study hard to get better job in the future.
John: Yes, that's important.
Janet: But studying is not the only way to achieve success.
John: Couldn't agree more.
Janet: That's why I intend to drop school and find a job to earn money.
John: You want to drop school?
Janet: Yes. I don't think I like goin...