Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

TIẾNG ANH 11 I-LEARN SMART WORLD
UNIT 2: GENERATION GAP
VOCABULARY
Lesson 1

13. curfew /ˈkɜːrfjuː/ (n) giờ giới nghiêm

1. generation gap /ʤenəˈreɪʃn ˌɡæp/ (n) khoảng

14. diary /ˈdaɪri/ (n) nhật kí

cách thế hệ

15. focus /ˈfoʊkəs/ (v) tập trung

2. hip hop /ˈhɪp hɑːp/ (n) nhạc hip hop

16. ignore /ɪgˈnɔːr/ (v) làm ngơ, bỏ qua

3. leather /ˈleðər/ (n) đồ da, da thuộc

17. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ (n) sự ảnh hưởng

4. miniskirt /ˈmɪniskɜːrt/ (n) váy ngắn (trên đầu

18. permission /pərˈmɪʃn/ (n) sự cho phép

gối)

19. privacy /ˈpraɪvəsi/ (n) sự riêng tư

5. outfit /ˈaʊtfɪt/ (n) trang phục

20. respect /rɪˈspekt/ (v) tôn trọng

6. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ (adj) thiết thực

21. several /ˈsevərl/(det) một vài

7. silly /ˈsɪli/ (adj) lố bịch

22. torn /tɔːrn/ (adj) bị rách

8. stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ (adj) có phong cách,
hợp thời trang

Lesson 3

9. suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ (adj) phù hợp

23. adversity /ədˈvɜːrsəti/ (n) nghịch cảnh

10. trend /trend/ (n) xu hướng

24. benefit /ˈbenəfɪt/ (v) giúp ích, có lợi
25. elder /ˈeldər/ (n) người lớn tuổi hơn

Lesson 2

26. previously /ˈpriːviəsli/ (adv) trước đây, trước đó

11. afford/əˈfɔːrd/ (v) có khả năng mua/

27. restate /riːˈsteɪt/ (v) thuật lại (theo cách khác)

chi trả

28. spear /spɪr/ (n) cây giáo, cái xiên (để đi săn)

12. behavior /bɪˈheɪvjər/ (n) hành vi

29. survival /səˈvaɪvl/ (n) sinh tồn

GRAMMAR
PHẦN I: TAG QUESTIONS_ CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI
I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Câu hỏi đuôi (tag question) là dạng câu hỏi ngắn ở cuối câu trần thuật.
Vị trí: Câu hỏi đuôi được thêm vào cuối câu khẳng định hoặc phủ định, cả hai vế được ngăn cách nhau bằng
dấu phẩy.
Chức năng: Câu hỏi đuôi được sử dụng khi người nói muốn xác minh xem thông tin là đúng hay không hoặc
khi muốn người nghe hồi đáp về câu trần thuật đó.
Ngữ điệu:

1

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199


Nếu người hỏi xuống giọng ở câu hỏi đuôi thì tức là người nói thực sự không muốn hỏi, mà muốn
người nghe xác nhận điều mình nói.



Nếu người hỏi lên giọng ở câu hỏi đuôi thì tức là người nói muốn hỏi thêm thông tin từ người nghe.

Ví dụ: She is learning English now, isn't she? (Cô ấy đang học tiếng Anh bây giờ phải không?)
Công thức chung:

S + V +……………………., trợ động từ + S( ĐẠI TỪ )

-Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là khẳng định thì câu hỏi đuôi là phủ định và ngược lại.
-Trong câu hỏi đuôi chúng ta luôn luôn dùng các đại từ chủ ngữ (I, he, it, they,..) để đặt câu hỏi. Nếu là câu
hỏi đuôi phủ định chúng ta dùng hình thức tỉnh lượt giữa “not” với “to be” hoặc với trợ động từ (isn't, don't,
doesn't, haven't, didn't, can't, won't,…).
Ví dụ: Tom was at home, wasn't he?
Không nói: Wasn't Tom? hay was not Tom?
Bảng tóm tắt cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi.
Statement

Tag questions

I am………

aren't I ?

I am not………

am I ?

Động từ khiếm khuyết

Can't/couldn't/shouldn't/won't………+ S ?

S + can/could/should/will………
Động từ thường

Sử dụng trợ động từ: Do/does/did

S + V1……………..,

Don't + S?

S + Vs/es…………..,

Doesn't + S?

S + V2/ed…………,

Didn't + S?

S + have/has/had + V3/ed……………,

Haven't/hasn't/hadn't + S ?

S + is/are/was/were………………,

Isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't + S?

S + used to + V………,

Didn't + S ?

S +'d better/had better + V…………,

Hadn't + S?

S +'d rather/would rather/would like + V…………,

Wouldn't + S?

There + is/are/was/were…………….,

Isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't + S?

Let's + V………,

Shall we+?

Chủ từ là : No one/nobody/anyone/anybody/

……………..+ they ?

everyone/everybody/someone/somebody
Chủ từ là: nothing/anything/something/everything……

………………+ it?

Chủ từ là this/that…………..

………………+ it?
2

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

Chủ từ là these/those……….

……………..+ they ?

Trong câu có các từ phủ định:no/none/without

Câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định, không có NOT

Neither/hardly/seldom/rarely/little/never/few.
S + ought to………,

Shouldn't + S?

S + wish …

May +…?

Câu mệnh lệnh

Will you?

Đối với cấu trúc "I think"
Khi mệnh đề chính có cấu trúc:
I + think/ believe/ suppose/ figure/ assume/ fancy/ imagine/ reckon/ expect/ see/ + mệnh đề phụ
Ta dùng động từ trong mệnh đề phụ để xác định động từ cho câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ:
I think he will come here, won't he? (Tôi nghĩ anh ấy sẽ đến đây, đúng không?)
Lưu ý:
Dù “not” nằm ở mệnh đề chính, nhưng tính chất phủ định có ảnh hưởng đến cả câu nên vẫn tính như ở
mệnh đề phụ.
Ví dụ:
I don't believe Mary can do it, can she? (Tôi không tin Mary có thể làm điều đó, đúng không?)
Cũng mẫu cấu trúc này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là “I” thì dùng động từ chính trong câu (think/ believe/
suppose/…) để xác định động từ cho câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ:
She thinks he will come, doesn't she? (Cô ấy nghĩ anh ta sẽ đến, đúng không?)
Câu hỏi đuôi với IT SEEMS THAT
Câu có cấu trúc IT SEEMS THAT… thì mệnh đề chính sẽ là mệnh đề đứng sau THAT, phần câu hỏi đuôi sẽ
áp dụng quy tắc như bình thường.
Ví dụ:


It seems that it is going to rain, isn't it? (Hình như trời sắp mưa nhỉ?)



It seems that you don't want to go with me, do you? (Có vẻ như anh không muốn đi cùng tôi nhỉ?)

Câu hỏi đuôi của I AM
Câu dùng I AM thì câu hỏi đuôi là AREN'T I còn I AM NOT thì câu hỏi đuôi là AM I.
Ví dụ:


I am a translator, aren't I?  (Tôi là biên dịch viên mà nhỉ?)



I am not sick, am I?  (Con không ốm phải không mẹ?)

Câu hỏi đuôi với NEVER, SELDOM, HARDLY, LITTLE, FEW
3

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

Câu chứa các trạng từ phủ định như NEVER, SELDOM, HARDLY, LITTLE, FEW,…thì phần câu hỏi đuôi
sẽ vẫn ở dạng khẳng định.
Ví dụ: She hardly eats bread, does she? (Cô ấy hầu như không ăn bánh mì , phải không?)
Câu hỏi đuôi với TO V
Nếu câu có chủ ngữ là một mệnh đề, một danh ngữ, động từ dạng TO V thì phần câu hỏi đuôi sẽ dùng IT là
chủ ngữ.
Ví dụ:


What I am hearing  is very interesting, isn't it? (Những gì tôi đang nghe thật thú vị, phải không nào?)



Singing helps us reduce stress, doesn't it? (Hát giúp chúng ta giảm stress nhỉ?)



To play video games doesn't entertain us much, does it? (Chơi trò chơi điện tử không giúp chúng ta
giải trí lắm, phải không nhỉ?)

Câu hỏi đuôi với mệnh đề chính là câu mệnh lệnh
Nếu câu ở phần mệnh đề chính là câu mệnh lệnh thì phần câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là “will you?”
Ví dụ:


Do sit down, will you? (Anh sẽ ngồi chứ?)



Don't make noise, will you? (Các em sẽ không làm ồn, đúng không nhỉ?)

Câu hỏi đuôi dạng đặc biệt với ONE
Nếu chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính là ONE thì phần câu hỏi đuôi sẽ có chủ ngữ là ONE/YOU.
Ví dụ:


One can play this song, can't you? (Một bạn nào đó có thể chơi bài này, đúng không?)

II.BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. Everybody looks tired, ________?
A. doesn't it

B. don't they

C. does it

D. do they

C. aren't I

D. am I

C. do I

D. is she

C. are you

D. don't I

2. I'm a bad man, ________?
A. am not I

B. isn't I

3. I think she is a dentist, ________?
A. don't I

B. isn't she

4. I don't think you are an engineer, ________?
A. do I

B. aren't you

5. Let's turn off the lights before going out, ________?
A. shall we

B. will you

C. shan't we

6. Don't be late, ________?
4

D. won't you

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

A. are you

B. shall we

C. do you

D. will you

C. are you

D. aren't you

C. is she

D. was she

C. has he

D. hasn't he

C. did they

D. didn't they

B. are they

C. aren't they

D. did they

B. aren't you

C. are you

D. aren't I

C. is he

D. are they

7. You don't know him,__________________ ?
A. do you

B. don't you

8. Lan speaks Chinese very well, __________?
A. does she

B. doesn't she

9. John has worked hard, _________________?
A. does he

B. did he

10. They invited him to the party, ___________?
A. do they

B. don't they

11. They are leaving here tomorrow________?
A. do they
12. I'm a bit late, ______?
A. am not I

13. No one is indifferent to praise, ______?
A. is one

B. isn't one

14. Somebody has left these socks on the bathroom floor, ______?
A. have they

B. haven't they

C. has he

D. hasn't he

C. doesn't he

D. didn't he

C. aren't

D. do you

15. James owns a restaurant, ______?
A. does he

B. is he

16. You aren't too busy to talk, ______?
A. are you

B. have you

17. The cases of COVID 19 outside China have increased 13 fold,________?
A. hasn't they

B. haven't they

C. will they

D. don't they

C. is it

D. have you

18. What you have said is wrong,_________?
A. isn't it

B. haven't you

19. COVID 19 can be characterized as a pandemic,
A. can it

B. can't it

________?
C. isn't it

D. can't they

20. The coronavirus had already overwhelmed China, South Korea, Iran and Italy,________?
A. hadn't it

B. hasn't it

C. didn't it

D. wasn't it

21. Health authorities have activated their most serious response level,________?
A. haven't it

B. hadn't they

C. have it

D. haven't they

C. won't she

D. is she

22. Your mother is cooking in the kitchen,_________?
A. isn't she

B. doesn't she

23. Chinese officials quickly shut down Wuhan market,_________?
5

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

A. doesn't it

B. didn't they

C. hadn't they

D. do they

C. aren't they

D. are they

C. are they

D. is it

C. don't they

D. will not they

C. is it

D. is this

C. isn't he

D. does he

C. do they

D. doesn't he

C. haven't you

D. has it

24. There are no easy ways to succeed,________?
A. are there

B. aren't there

25. No one is a better cook than my sister, ________?
A. aren't they

B. is he

26. They'll buy a new apartment, ________?
A. will they

B. won't they

27. This house is not safe, ________?
A. isn't this

B. isn't it

28. Ba rarely goes out at night, ________?
A. doesn't he

B. is he

29. Someone wants a drink, ________?
A. doesn't it

B. don't they

30. What you have just said is not true, ________?
A. is it

B. isn't it

31. Lucy has been studying English for 4 years, ________?
A. has she

B. is she

C. hasn't she

D. isn't she

C. aren't you

D. are you

C. need you

D. A&B

C. shall we

D. don't I

C. will she

D. did they

C. should I

D. do I

C. mightn't he

D. mayn't he

C. are they

D. is it

C. may I

D. mayn't I

32. It seems that you are telling me a lie, ________?
A. doesn't it

B. does it

33. You need take a rest, ________?
A. don't you

B. needn't you

34. Let me take care of you, ________?
A. may I

B. will I

35. Nobody phoned, ________?
A. do they

B. didn't they

36. I should keep silent, ________?
A. shouldn't I

B. don't I

37. He mightn't get there in time, ________?
A. might he

B. may he

38. Everything is fine, ________?
A. aren't they

B. isn't it

39. I wish to study English, ________?
A. don't I

B. do I

40. What a nice dress, ________?
6

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

A. is it

B. isn't it

C. doesn't it

D. does it

C. can she

D. A&B

C. don't you

D. do you

C. had you

D. wouldn't you

C. can he

D. don't you

41. One can be one's master, ________?
A. can't you

B. can't one

42. You'd better stay at home, ________?
A. hadn't you

B. had you

43. You'd rather learn English, ________?
A. hadn't you

B. would you

44. You don't believe Peter can do it, ________?
A. do you

B. can't he

45. These are 3 oranges you bought yesterday, ________?
A. aren't they

B. are they

C. are these

D. aren't these

C. did he

D. didn't he

C. don't they

D. didn't they

C. are they

D. aren't they

C. do I

D. don't I

C. is it

D. doesn't it

C. must they

D. needn't they

C. needn't you

D. mustn't you

C. does she

D. mayn't she

C. shan't we

D. won't you

C. doesn't he

D. did they

C. doesn't she

D. she does

46. He seldom helps her, ________?
A. doesn't he

B. does he

47. They never go to the library with US, ________?
A. do they

B. did they

48. Mary and Peter don't like English, ________?
A. do they

B. do Mary and Peter

49. I am not a liar, ________?
A. am I

B. aren't I

50. The ticket to London doesn't cost a lot, ________?
A. does it

B. isn't it

51. They must study hard, ________?
A. mustn't they

B. need they

52. You mustn't come late, ________?
A. need you

B. must you

53. She wishes to go to Singapore, ________?
A. may she

B. doesn't she

54. Let's go for a walk, ________?
A. shall we

B. will you

55. You must have left your purse at home, ________?
A. don't he

B. haven't you

56. Susan doesn't like oysters, ______?
A. did she

B. does she

57. We should call Rita, _______?
7

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

a. should we

b. shouldn't we

c. shall we

d. should not we

c. can it

d. can't it

c. are they

d. aren't they

c. are they

d. aren't they

58. Monkeys can's sing, ______?
a. can they

b. can't they

59. These books aren't yours, ____?
a. are these

b. aren't these

60. They are your friends, _____?
a. is that

b. isn't that

61. No one died in the accident, _____? (British English)
a. didn't they

b. did he

c. didn't he

d. did they

b. amn't I

c. isn't I

d. not I am

c. weren't they

d. were they

62. I'm right, _____?
a. aren't I

63. They never came to class late, and______?
a.did they

b. didn.t they

64. She must have been very happy when you told her the news, ________?
A. need she

B. mustn't she

C. isn't she

D. hasn't she

C. mustn't you

D. haven't you

C. haven't you

D. weren't you

C. is this

D. isn't this

C. needn't he

D. mustn't he

C. are they

D. aren't they

C. do you

D. don't you

65. You must be tired now, ________?
A. needn't you

B. aren't you

66. You've never been to Italy, ________?
A. have you

B. were you

67. This picture is yours, ________?
A. is it

B. isn't it

68. He ought to be home by seven o'clock, ________?
A. shouldn't he

B. mayn't he

69. No one is better cook than his mother, ______?
A. is she

B. isn't she

70. Do it right now, ______?
A. will you

B. shall you

71. There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, _______?
A. are they

B. are there

C. aren't they

D. aren't there

C. does he

D. isn't he

C .don't you

D. do you

72. He seldom goes to the library, ______?
A. doesn't he

B. is he

73. Let's go for a long walk, ______?
A. will we

B. shall we

74. I think he will join us, _____?
8

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

A. doesn't he

B. won't he

C. will he

D. don't I

C. isn't it

D. aren't they

C. aren't you

D. were you

C. can't him

D. could he

C. is it

D. isn't it

C. do you

D. don't you

C. does it

D. doesn't it

C. was he

D. didn't he

C. are you

D. won't you be

C. is David

D. isn't David

C. will you

D. shall we

C. didn't they

D. did they

C. they can

D. they can't

C. wasn't he

D. isn't he

C. isn't he

D. aren't he

C. wasn't that

D. wasn't it

C. do Tom

D. does he

75. The film is good, _______________?
A. is it

B. are they

76. You are going to the party, ____________?
A. is you

B. are you

77. He can speak English, _________________ ?
A. can he

B. can't he

78. The ticket to London doesn't cost a lot, ______?
A. do they

B. does it

79. You don't need me any more, ______?
A. do I

B. don't I

80. Nobody knows who invited the wheel, ______?
A. do they

B. don't they

81. Harry was working in Bristol then, ______?
A. was Harry

B. wasn't he

82. You'll be home before midnight, ______?
A. will you

B .won't you

83. David is bringing some wine, ______?
A. is he

B. isn't he

84. Don't leave anything behind, ______?
A. do you

B. don't you

85. Nobody likes the play, __________?
A. do they

B. don't they

86. The children can read English, __________?
A. can't they

B. can they

87. Your grandfather was a millionaire, ______?
A. was he

B. is he

88. Your brother's here, ______?
A. is he

B. are he

89. That was Ann on the phone, ______?
A. was it

B. was that

90. Tom didn't see her, ______?
A. did Tom

B. did he

91. Mary wasn't angry, ______?
9

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

A. was she

B. is she

C. wasn't she

D. was Mary

C. am not I

D. don't I

92. What I am hearing is very interesting,_______ ? 
A. aren't I

B. isn't it

93. They are studying pronunciation with Mr. Brown, _____?
A. are they

B. aren't they

C. do they

D. don't they

C. shouldn't have

D. shouldn't

C. can't they

D. can't it

94. She should have obeyed her parents, _____ she?
A. should

B. should have

95. We should call Rita, _____?
A. should we

B. shouldn't we

C. shall we

D. should not we

96. Monkeys can't sing, _____?
A. can they

B. can it

97. This is the second time she has been to Nha Trang, _____?
A. has she

B. hasn't she

C. isn't this

D. isn't it

C. are they

D. aren't they

C. isn't that

D. is it

C. does he

D. hasn't she

98. These books aren't yours, _____?
A. are these

B. aren't these

99. That's Bod's helmet,______?
A. is that

B. isn't it

100. He hardly does homework , _____?
A. has he

B. doesn't he

GRAMMAR
PHẦN II: PERFECT MODALS
I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Modals và Perfect Modals là gì?
Modal verbs là động từ bổ trợ cho các động từ thường và được dùng để biểu thị các ý nghĩa về khả năng, ý
kiến và dự định, … Cấu trúc chung của các trường hợp sử dụng modal verbs là: 
Modal verb (not) + Bare infinity
Ví dụ: People must not drive after they drink alcohol.
 

(Mọi người không được lái xe sau khi đã uống rượu bia.)

Nếu như các modal verbs dạng thường được dùng để diễn đạt các ý nghĩa trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai, thì
dạng hoàn thành của chúng (perfect modals) được dùng để diễn tả ý nghĩa về các sự việc đã diễn ra ở quá
khứ. Cấu trúc chung của các trường hợp sử dụng perfect modals là:
Perfect modal (not) + have + past participle
Ví dụ: I could not find my phone. I must have left it at the office.
10

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

(Tôi không thể tìm thấy điện thoại của mình. Chắc chắn tôi đã để nó lại văn phòng rồi.)
Phân loại Perfect Modals


Should => Should have



Would => Would have



Must => Must have



Can't => Can't have



Could => Could have



Might => Might have



Need not => Needn't have

Cách sử dụng từng loại Perfect Modals
1.Should (not) have + Past participle: 
+ “Should (not) have + past participle” được dùng để diễn tả một việc mà người được nhắc đến LẼ RA NÊN
(KHÔNG NÊN) làm trong quá khứ, nhưng người ấy đã thực hiện một hành động khác và hiện tại kết quả đã
không như mong đợi.
Ví dụ: You should have locked the door before you went to sleep! Now the thief has stolen all the
valuables in our home.
(Đáng lẽ anh phải khóa cửa trước khi đi ngủ chứ. Giờ tên trộm đã lấy hết đồ giá trị trong nhà rồi.)
+ “Should (not) have + past participle” còn được dùng để diễn tả một việc mà người nói đang mong đợi sẽ
diễn ra.
Ví dụ: He should have received the package yesterday. I already sent it 2 weeks ago.
(Anh ấy đáng lẽ đã nhận được gói hàng vào ngày hôm qua, tôi đã gửi nó đi hai tuần trước rồi.)
2. Would (not) have + Past participle:
+ “Would (not) have + past participle” được dùng để diễn tả một việc sẽ diễn ra trong quá khứ nếu điều kiện
dẫn đến việc đó được thỏa mãn. Đây cũng chính là cấu trúc câu thường thấy câu điều kiện loại 3.
Ví dụ: I would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
(Tôi sẽ vượt qua bài kiểm tra nếu tôi học hành chăm chỉ hơn.)
+ “Would (not) have + past participle” còn được dùng để diễn tả một việc mà người nói SẴN LÒNG LÀM,
nhưng lại không làm trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: I would have cleaned the floor, but my mother told me not to do so.
(Tôi đáng lẽ sẽ lau sàn nhà rồi nhưng mẹ bảo tôi không làm vậy.)
3. Must have + Past participle: 
+ “Must have + past participle” dùng để diễn tả một việc mà người nói rất CHẮC CHẮN ĐÃ DIỄN RA (có
thật) trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: In 1945, living standard in the Vietnamese countryside must have been very poor.
11

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

(Vào năm 1945, điều kiện sống ở vùng quê Việt Nam chắc hẳn rất nghèo nàn.)
4. Can't have + Past participle:
+ Để diễn tả một sự việc mà người nói CHẮC CHẮN KHÔNG THỂ DIỄN RA ở quá khứ, thay vì sử dụng
mustn't have, “can't have + past participle” sẽ được sử dụng.
Ví dụ: My husband can't have driven to the office today because I still can see his car in the garage
now. (Chồng tôi chắc chắn đã không lái xe đi làm hôm nay bởi vì tôi vẫn còn thấy xe anh ấy ở trong nhà để
xe.)
5. Could have + Past participle:
+ “Could have + past participle” được dùng để diễn tả một việc CÓ THỂ XẢY RA trong quá khứ, nhưng nó
đã không xảy ra. 
Ví dụ: I could have chosen that hamburger, but I was on diet.
(Tôi đã có thể ăn cái bánh bơ-gơ đó, nhưng tôi đang ăn kiêng.)
+ “Could have + past participle” còn được dùng để diễn tả sự việc mà người nói không chắc chắn đã diễn ra
trong quá khứ (một lời phỏng đoán).
Ví dụ: The cake on is no longer on the table. My son could have eaten it.
(Cái bánh trên bàn đã không còn nữa. Chắc là con trai tôi đã ăn nó.)
6. Might have + Past participle:
Tương tự như cách dùng thứ hai của Could have, “might have + past participle” được dùng để diễn tả khi
người nói không chắc chắn về sự việc trong quá khứ được nhắc đến (một lời phỏng đoán).
Ví dụ: She couldn't find her phone. She might have forgotten it at the office.
(Cô ấy không thể tìm thấy điện thoại của mình. Chắc là cô ấy đã bỏ quên nó ở văn phòng rồi.)
7.Needn't have + Past participle:
“Needn't have + past participle” dùng để diễn tả một sự việc đã diễn ra rồi, nhưng nó không cần thiết và
không có tác dụng gì.
Ví dụ: You needn't have cleaned the floor because I already did it two hours ago.
(Bạn lẽ ra không cần lau nhà lần nữa bởi vì tôi đã lau cách đây hai giờ trước rồi.)
II.BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Exercise 1: Choose the best option  
1. If I had a bicycle, I would/ will ride it every day. 
2. George would have gone/would go on a trip to Chicago if he had had time. 
3. Marcela didn't come to class yesterday. She will have had/may have had an  accident. 
12

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

4. John didn't do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. John must have done/should have done
his homework. 
5. Sharon was supposed to be here at nine o'clock. She must have forgotten/must  forget about our meeting. 
6. Where do you think Juan is today? I have no idea. He should have slept/may have slept late. 
7. George missed class today. He might have had/might not have had an accident. 
8. Robert arrived without his notebook. He could have lost/would have lost it. 
9. Thomas received a warning for speeding. He should have driven/shouldn't have driven so fast. 
10. Henry's car stopped on the highway. It may run/may have run out of gas. 
11. That can't have been/shouldn't have been Nick that you saw. 
12. You must have given/might have given me a hand! 
13. I caught a later train because I had to see/must have seen a client. 
14. I suppose Bill should have lost/might have lost his way. 
15. I didn't refuse the cake, as it should have been/would have been rude. 
16. I don't know who rang, but it could have been/must have been Jim. 
17. It was odd that you should have bought/would have bought the same car. 
18. It's a pity you didn't ask because I can't help/could have helped you. 
19. It's your own fault, you can't have/shouldn't have gone to bed so late.
20.The student should have / could have finished the national test by now.
21. My colleague looks exhausted. She must have / should have worked hard all day.
22. If people had been more aware of environment protection, many animals wouldn't have / can't have gone
extinct.
23.You might not have / need not have done that assignment today. Our professor already gave us the answer
keys for it.
24.Ben can't have / couldn't have been at John's home last night. I was there all the time but I didn't see
Ben.

Exercise 2:  Use “must + have + Past participle” or “should + have + Past participle” to complete the
following sentences
1. Hendry was deported for having an expired visa. He (have)____________ his visa renewed. 
2. Julietta was absent for the first time yesterday. She (be)___________ sick. 
3. The photos are black. The X rays at the airport (damage)___________ it. 
4. Blanca got a parking ticket. She (not, park) ______________ in a reserved spot, since she had no permit. 
13

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

5. Mary did very well on the exam. She (study)_____________ very hard. 
6. She (take) __________ that offer last month so now she won't have a hard time finding a job
7. German called us as soon as his wife had her baby. He (be)___ must have been  _ very proud. 
8. John isn't here yet. He (forget)_______ must have forgotten  _______ about our meeting. 
9. They (leave) ____________ earlier so they wouldn't have missed the plane.
Exerci
se 3: Matching
1. You look sick today.

a. my mother would take me to school every day.

2. I almost failed my test.

b.I think you should see a doctor.

3. When I was a child,

c. but you didn't ask me.

4. I would have helped you with your

d. but our children preferred cartoons.

homework,

e. I already bought 2 pizzas.

5. My mother wasn't at home this morning.

f. I should have reviewed my lesson more carefully.

6. My brother can't have cooked this lunch.

g. Could you open the window, please?

7. We could have watched action film last night

h. He doesn't know how to cook.

8. Our teacher has not told us the results yet.

i. She must have been at work because today is

9. You needn't have cooked dinner today.

Monday.

10. The room is too hot.

j.She might not have finished marking our tests.

Exercise 4:

Choose the best option to complete the following sentences

1. You ______ out last night. I called several times but nobody answered the phone.
A. must be    

B. must have been

C. could have been     D. should have been

2. Micheal's score on the test is the highest in the class; ______ last night.
A. he must have studied hard   

B. he should have studied hard

C. he must study hard    

D. he must had to study hard

3. Look! The yard is wet. It ______ last night.
A. must rain    

B. couldn't have rained

C. must have rained     D. should have rained

4. We ______ you more help, but we were too busy.
A. might have given    

B. might give

C. should give    

D. could give

5. You ______ your pass at the entrance unless you are asked to do so.
A. mustn't show    

B. can show

C. haven't to show     D. Both B and C

6. Young people ______ obey their parents.
14

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

A. must    

B. may

C. will    

D. ought to

7. Laura, you and the kids just have dinner without waiting for me. I ______ work late today.
A. can    

B. have to

C. could    

D. would

C. might    

D. can

C. shouldn't    

D. mustn't

8. I ______ be delighted to show you round the factory.
A. ought to    

B. would

9. Leave early so that you ______ miss the bus.
A. didn't    

B. won't

10. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ______ have cost a fortune.
A. must    

B. might

C. will    

D. should

C. had    

D. ought

C. might    

D. maybe

C. will    

D. could.

11. You ______ to write them today.
A. should    

B. must

12. When _____you come back home?
A. will    

B. may

13. You will get up early, _____you?
A. may    

B. must

14. "Where do you think Rooney is today?". "I have no idea. He _____ late."
A. should have left    

C. would sleep

B. would have sleep    

D. may have slept

15. Berbatov painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ a different color.
A. had to choose    

C. must have chosen

B. should have chosen    

D. could have been choosing

16. The children _____ "thank you" to you when you gave them their gifts.
A. will have said    

C. should have said

B. must say    

D. should say

17. If we had known your new address, we _____ to see you.
A. came    
Exercise 5:

B. would have come    

C. will come

Correct the following sentences if necessary

1. You must have be surprised when you heard the news.
2. You needn't have do all this work.
3. The window must have been broken on purpose.
4. You must tired after working so hard.
5. One of the men may have died on the mountain.
6. You must been driving too fast.
7. The thief must have come in through the window.
15

D. would come

Adapted by Trần Ngọc Diên Khánh – Mobile: 0905.384.199

8. If he is not in the office, he must at home. 
Exercise 6:

Sentence transformation

1. Perhaps Susan knows the address. (may)
⇒ Susan_______________________________________________
2. It's possible that Joanna didn't receive my message. (might)
⇒ Joanna ______________________________________________
3. The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has)
⇒ The report ___________________________________________
4. I managed to finish all my work. (able)
⇒ I___________________________________________________
5. It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn't)
⇒ Nancy_______________________________________________
Exercise 7:

Choose the best answer

1. I ……………. drink a few cups of coffee to stay awake. (need to/ must)
2. We ……………………. book in advance. It isn't much crowded (don't need to/ need to/ mustn't/ don't
have to)
3. You ………………. eat less if you want to lose weight. (must/ need to)
4. We have plenty of time. We ………………. hurry. (mustn't/ needn't/ don't have to)
5. I don't want anyone to know about out plan. You …………….. tell anyone. ( mustn't/ don't have to/
doesn't have to).
6. I haven't been……………… sleep very well recently. (could/ able to/ can)
7. I ……………. get you a chips when I go to the shop, if you want. (can/ could/ able to)
8. After his car crashes, he was so confused that he …………… tell the police who he was or where he was
going. (can/ can't/ could/ couldn't)
Exercise 8:

Rewrite the sentence using should/ shouldn't

1. I'm feeling sick. I ate too much
.....................................................................................................................................................
2. When we went to the restaurant, there were no free tables. We hadn't reserved one.
.....................................................................................................