GERUND AND TO-INFINITIVE
I) GERUND : laø nhöõng ñoäng töø theâm -ing
* Những động từ theo sau bởi GERUND:
admit (thừa nhận)
suggest (đề nghị)
avoid (tránh)
give up
(bỏ)
appreciate (đánh giá cao) hate (ghét)
consider (cho là ,xem là) imagine = fancy (tưởng tượng )
continue
keep : tiếp tục
deny (phủ nhận)
mention (đề cập ,nói đến)
delay (trì hoãn)
mind (phản đối,phiền)
detest = dislike : ko thích mean (invole)
discuss (talk about)
miss (nhớ /bỏ lỡ)
dread: sợ)
prefer (thích hơn)
enjoy (thưởng thức)
prevent (ngăn)
escape (trốn thoát
postpone = put off (trì hoãn)
finish (hoàn thành)
quit: từ bỏ
forgive
recall (gợi lại,nhớ lại)
like / love / hate / enjoy / dislike + V-ing : sở thích

risk : liều lĩnh
recollect (hồi tưởng lại)
regret (hối tiếc ,ân hận)
resist ( ghịu được, chống lại)
save
start / begin
support (ủng hộ)
understand
spend

1

* Những thành ngữ với “go +V-ing”:
Go camping (đi cắm trại) go shopping (đi mua sắm) go swimming
Go dancing (đi khiêu vũ) go fishing (đi câu cá)
go sightseeing
* Preposition +gerund(giới từ +gerund):
Be interested in (thích thú)
think about (nghĩ về)
apologize for (xin lỗi về)
Insist on (khăng khăng về)
talk about (nói về)
instead of (thay vì)
Be accustomed to
look forward to ( mong đợi )
be familiar with
be / get used to
quen /thích nghi với
* Những thành ngữ với gerund (expressions +gerund):
- can't help = can't bear = can't stand = can't resist (không thể chịu được)
- it is no good / it is no use (vô ích / không có ích)
- there's no point in …
- What's the point of…
- would you mind + V-ing ? (xin ông làm ơn…)
- do you mind + V-ing ? (bạn có phiền không…)
- have trouble (lo lắng, phiền muộn)
- there is no… (không còn cách)
- be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen / thích nghi với…
- Have a good time: vui vẻ
- Have a hard time = have difficulty : gặp khó khăn
- S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing : thích làm việc gì hơn việc gì khác
* Adjectives + gerund: Be busy + V-ing (bận rộn)
be worth + V-ing (đáng ,xứng đáng)
MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU BỞI TO-INFINITIVE VÀ GERUND ĐỀU ĐƯỢC (tùy
theo nghĩa của nó):
1) Regret/Remember/Forgot

Regret /Remember/ Forgot +
(Hối tiếc / nhớ / quên)

2) Stop/finish:
Stop / finish +

3) Try:

Try +

V-ing: chỉ hành động ở quá khứ (đã xảy ra)
Ex: I'll never forget seeing him the first time
(Tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên lần đầu tiên tôi đã gặp anh ta)
I remember learning this lesson.
To +Vo: chỉ hành động ở tương lai
Ex: Remember to invite her to the party.
(Hãy nhớ mời cô ta đến bữa tiệc )
Ex: I regret to say that I can't help you.
V-ing : ngừng làm việc gì
Ex:I stop working for a moment
(Tôi ngừng làm việc một lúc)
To-Vo :ngừng để làm việc khác
Ex: I stop to eat. (Tôi ngừng để ăn)
V-ing : thử xem, thí nghiệm.
Ex:He tried gardening ,keeping pigs,but didn't succeed in
any of them.(Anh ta thử làm vườn và nuôi heo, nhưng không
thành công )

To + Vo :cố gắng
Ex: I will try to help you.
(Tôi cố gắng để giúp bạn)

4) mean + V-ing : nghĩa là
mean + to-Vo : muốn
Ex: It means learning hard. ( Điều đó có nghĩa là học chăm)
Do you mean to help him? ( Bạn có muốn giúp anh ấy không?)
5) need / want + to-Vo (muốn, cần gì mang ý nghĩa chủ động)
Need / want + V-ing (muốn, cần được làm gì, mang ý nghĩa bị động)
Ex: This tooth needs filling. ( Cái răng này cần được trám)
He needs to buy a book. ( anh ta cần mua 1 quyển sách.)
6) MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TƯ CHỈ GIÁC QUAN:
HEAR, SEE , FEEL(cảm thấy), NOTICE (nhận xét, để ý), WATCH, SMELL, …
-Dùng Infinitive (Vo) : khi muốn chú ý vào sự hoàn tất của hành động.
Ex:I hear him come in.(Tôi nghe nói anh ta đã đi vào rồi.)
Vo

-Dùng Gerund (V-ing) :khi muốn chú ý sự tiếp diễn của hành động.
Ex: I see the dog running across the street
V-ing

(Tôi thấy con chó đang chạy ngang qua đường)
- Trong câu bị động : to + Vo
Ex: He noticed the thief enter the room.
 The thief was noticed to enter the room.
*NOTE:
Allow, permit
Recommend +
Advise

O + To + Vo
V-ing

(cho phép
khuyên)

Nếu ở thể bị động thì thêm “to”
Ex: The teacher permitted going out.
The teacher permitted me to go out.
O to-V
Ex: He was advised to go out.
7) Đối với các động từ ( begin, start, continue) ta thêm “to” hay “ing” vẫn không đổi nghĩa.

I) TO-INFINITIVE
* Những động từ theo sau bởi TO-INFINITIVE:
decide to (quyết định)
pretend to (giả vờ)
would like to
hope to (hi vọng)
expect to (mong chờ)
be able to
want to
mean to (muốn)
be willing to ( sẵn sàng)
need to
try to (cố gắng)
be going to
ask to
fail to (rớt)
manage to ( xoay sở)
demand to (yêu cầu)…
deserve to (xứng đáng)
volunteer to
agree to (đồng ý)
struggle to ( đấu tranh)
appear to
consent to (đồng ý)
offer to (cung cấp/ cống hiến)
warn to
refuse to (từ chối)
plan to (dự định)
intend to
beg to (cầu xin)
care to (quan tâm)
swear to (thề)
claim to (đòi hỏi, thỉnh cầu)
threaten to (đe dọa)
promise to (hứa)
hestiate to (do dự)
afford to (đủ khả năng)
learn to ( học)
begin / start
continue
seem to
- like / love / prefer : dùng để diễn tả việc thích hoặc muốn làm 1 việc gì đó vào 1 thời điểm cụ
thể nào đó.
* Verb +O +To-infinitive:
Want s.o to
encourage s.o to
Need s.o to
remind s.o to
ask s.o to (hỏi , nhờ)
invite s.o to
Would like s.o to
permit s.o to
advise s.o to (khuyên)
allow s.o to
tell s.o to (bảo)
warn s.b to (cảnh báo)
request s.o to (yêu cầu);
order s.o to (ra lệnh)
require s.o to (đòi hỏi)
force s.o to
order s.o to (ra lệnh).
Ex: She advises me to leave here early.

II. BARE-INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG TO)
1. Dùng sau các động từ khiếm khuyết ( will, shall, can, may, might, must, should = had better)
Ex: You must keep silent in class.
2. Sau các động từ
Have / let / make / help + O + Vo
Ex: The teacher makes us do this exercise.
Nhưng khi đổi sang bị động ta phải thêm to
Ex: We are made to do this exercise
3. Sau các động từ cảm quan
Find/ catch / see / feel / hear / watch / notice / smell + Vo
 Note: Đối với các động từ cảm quan (Find/ catch / see / feel / hear / watch / notice / smell)
+ Nếu chỉ 1 hành động đang diễn ra thì ta dùng V-ing
+ Nếu chỉ hành động đã chấm dứt thì ta dùng Vo
+ Nếu ở thể bị động thì dùng “to + Vo”
4. would rather + Vo : muốn
5. had better + Vo : nên

1. It is easy (be) wise after the event.
2. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?
3. We don't (want) anybody (know) that we are here.
4. IF you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up.
5. I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought to (know) it.
6. He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country.
7. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals.
8. Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please? I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in. Would you like (speak) with his secretary?
9. It'd better (travel) hopefully than (arrive).
10. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't you had better (show) him.
11. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt.
12. I heard the door (open) and saw the shadow (move) across the floor.
13. He tried (make) me (believe) that he wasn't my stepmother.
14. As we seem (miss) the train we may as well (go) back to the house.
15. I felt the house (shake) with the explosion.
16. He told me (try) (come) early.
17. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen.
18. Would you (like) (come) in my car?
No, thanks, I'd rather (walk).
19. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off.
20. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) in under your bed is an old stocking.

21. He doesn't even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them.
22. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe.
23. If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something?I didn't like him (say) anything because
he always gets angry if you contradict him.
24. It's better (be) to sure than sorry.
25. What do you (want0 me (tell) him? Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted (discuss)
the matter with him.
26. Did you remember (give) him the money? No, I didn't. I still have it in my pocket; but I'll (see) him
tonight and I promise (not forget) this time.
27. I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.
28. This is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.
29. I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don't know how (handle) firearms.
30. I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames.

1. Her advice made him ...................... his mind.
A. change
B. to change
C. changing
D. changed
2. It's very ...................... me with money.
A. kind for you to help
B. kind to you helping
C. kind of you helping
D. kind of you to help
3. It was a nice day, so we decided ...................... for awalk.
A. to have
B. to go
C. going
D. having
4. May I ...................... in?
A. to come
B. coming
C. came
D. come
5. Let's ...................... for a walk.
A. go
B. to go
C. going
D. went
6. They want ...................... by air because it is much faster than other means of transfort.
A. travel
B. travelling
C. travelled
D. to travel
7. It's impolite ...................... people about their salary.
A. asked
B. to ask
C. asking
D. ask
8. Don't ...................... in class, students!
A. talking
B. to talk
C. talk
D. talked
9. You had better ...................... harder.
A. to work
B. working
C. worked
D. work
10. We should read different kinds of books ...................... our general knowledge.
A. to widen
B. widen
C. widened
D. widening
11. ..................... the exams, students have to learn hard.
A. To pass
B. Passed
C. Pass
D. Passing
12. Would you like ..................... your holiday with my family in Brazil?
A. spend
B. to spend
C. spending
D. spent
13. She used ………………………………as a typist.
A. to working
B. work
C. working
D. to work

14. He let the letter ……………………………… on to the floor.
A. fall
B. falls
C. falling
D.fell
15. Mr Smith decided ……………………… a new TV.
A. to buy
B. buying
C. bought
D. to be bought
16. Don't forget ……………………… home as soon as you arrive at your destination.
A. to call
B. calling
C. having called
D. to be called
17. Jack made me ……………………… him next week .
A. to promise to call
B. to promise calling C. promise to call
D. promise calling
18. What makes you ……………………… so ?
A. think
B. to think
C. thinking
D. having thought
19. Please let me ……………………… when you can come .
A. to know
B. knowing
C. know
D. have known
20. What would you like ………………………for your breakfast ?
A. eating
B. to be eaten
C. to eat
D. to have eaten
21. I'd like ...................... when I am sixty years old.
A. to rest
B. to stop
C. to retire
D. to relax

CUÏ M ÑOÄ N G TÖØ – PHRASAL VERBS

turn on
: baät
turn off
: taét
turn down : töø choái,vặn nhỏ
turn up
: đến, vặn to lên
give up
: töø boû
get up
: thöùc giaác
wake up : tænh giaác
take off : caát caùnh, cởi ra
put on
: mặt vào

see out
see off

put off
look for
look after
look up
look out
go on
go off

: hoaøn taát
: ñöa tieãn

: hoãn lại
: tìm kieám
: chaêm soùc
: tra từ
: coi chừng
: tieáp tuïc
: vang lên

find out
: tìm ra
get over
: vöôït qua
keep on / carry on: tieáp tuïc
carry out
: thục hiện
try on
: thử
break down : bị hư, hỏng
grow up: tröôûng thaønh

GIÔÙ I TÖØ – PREPOSITIONS

of: be aware of, take care of = look after, plenty of, variety of, be scared of, kind of, be
fond of, proud of
in: take part in = participate in = join in, be interested in, in January (thaùng), in 2008
(naêm), in the morning (buoåi), in 21st century, in the Middle Ages (vaøo thôøi Trung Coå)
on: on TV, on Monday (ngaøy), on February 24th (ngaøy thaùng)
at: at night, at noon, at midnight, at the weekend/ at weekends, at Christmas, at Easter,
at the moment,/ at present, at 6 o'clock (thôøi gian), at recess, at our place, good at … (gioûi
veà moân…), at the back of the …
to: add … to … (theâm … vaøo…)/ It's boring to me./ thanks to: nhôø vaøo…
to be concerned about sth: quan taâm, lo ngaïi ñeán… / to hear about sth: nghe veà…./ excited
about

It's time for recess./ be good for…: toát cho…
learn about s.th: hoïc veà/ learn to + V0 : hoïc laøm…/ live with s.b: soáng cuøng vôùi…
be different from : khác với / prevent … from…: ngăn chặn… khỏi…