UNIT 3- CITIES OF THE FUTURE- EXERCISE
Ex 1.
Circle A. B. C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. This is a 'green city' designed to reduce its negative _____________ on the environment
A. impact
B. result
C. impression
D. force
2. More than fifty percent of it is made up _____________ green areas.
A. on
B. from
C. of
D. for
3. Most people will use public _____________ such as trams and electric buses
A. places
B. technology
C. transport
D. system
4. Some people think that there will be _____________ traffic jams and less pollution.
A. much
B. many
C. less
D. fewer
5. City _____________ will stop using their cars in urban areas.
A. dwellers
B. governments
C. authorities
D. researchers
6. It seems a good solution _____________ many environmental problems.
A. for
B. to
C. of
D. in
7. In smart cities, Al technologies will be installed to help the city _____________ more efficiently.
A. exhibit
B. design
C. operate
D. impress
8. The modern infrastructure of the city looks beautiful. I'm really _____________ with the high-rise buildings.
A. impress
B. impressed
C. impressive
D. impressionable
9. Tall buildings can actually limit the _____________ of the built environment and help solve housing problems
A. greenhouse
B. heat
C. effect
D. carbon footprint
10. Traffic jams are the city's biggest problem, especially during _____________
A. rush hour
B. peak season
C. crisis
D. pandemic
11. Building a good _____________ is important for the country's economy.
A. building
B. skyscraper
C. infrastructure
D. centre
12. The new underground has allowed city dwellers to _____________ more easily
A. make up
B. get round
C. get out
D. move away
13. With the help of technology, people can now grow vegetables in _____________ gardens of high-rise buildings.
A. room
B. front
C. roof
D. back
14. The skyscraper _____________ people's attention because of its unusual architecture.
A. attracts
B. pays
C. gives
D. pays
15. More people are moving _____________ from the urban centers of large cities to the suburbs.
A. up
B. away
C. out
D. around
16. The city council is planning to _____________ the old buildings in our neighborhood.
A. construct
B. design
C. renovate
D. fix
17. The construction company is developing a new housing _____________ near our neighborhood.
A. problem
B. shortage
C. condition
D. project
18. The population in our area will increase, and the _____________ for services and infrastructure will grow.
A. demand
B. certainty
C. expectation
D. requirement
19. The local _____________ are discussing improving public transportation in our neighborhood.
A. robots
B. authorities
C. environmentalists D. designers
20. With better transportation, more people will be able to move around easily, and it will reduce traffic _________
A. noise
B. pollution
C. congestion
D. transport
21. The city government is _____________ in the development of green spaces in our neighborhood.
A. investing
B. increasing
C. operating
D. controlling
22. With more parks and gardens, the air quality will improve, and it will ___________ the quality of life for everyone
A. reduce
B. enhance
C. sustain
D. construct
23. Future cities are likely to be more ______________ advanced and densely populated than they are today.
A. technology
B. technological
C. technique
D. technologically
24. They may also be more sustainable, with green spaces and ______________ energy sources.
A. nuclear
B. renewable
C. traditional
D. non-renewable
25. There may be a greater focus ______________ public transportation and walkability, rather than car-centric design.
A. on
B. for
C. of
D. in
26. Technology will ______________ a key role in optimizing resource usage, reducing waste, and improving efficiency.

A. make
B. take
C. play
D. put
27. There is also a growing awareness ______________ the need to reduce our impact on the environment
A. for
B. of
C. in
D. with
28. By 2050 the world's ______________ are/ is expected to reach 10 billion, and nearly 70 per cent of these people
will live in cities
A. environmentalists
B. gardeners
C. urbanites
D. population
29. The cities of the future will be 'smarter' and more sustainable to _________ a growing population and improve
people's lives.
A. cope with
B. face with
C. suffer from
D. make up
30. A smart city is a modern urban area that uses _______________technologies to provide services, solve problems,
and support people better. 
A. a great deal of
B. a range of
C. the number of
D. the amount of
31. The new technologies can help save time by predicting changes in the traffic and _______________ people of
possible traffic jams. 
A. predicting
B. supporting
C. interrupting
D. warning
32. Street lights can turn off when the streets are empty, and ___________ can inform waste collection teams when
the bins are full.
A. authorities
B. infrastructure
C. sensors
D. facilities
33. These smart technologies will help save energy, reduce air ___________ , and fight climate change.
A. footprint
B. pressure
C. pollution
D. warming
34. Cities in the future will also be sustainable. They will include a lot of green space and become __________ to more
plants and animals.
A. house
B. home
C. housing
D. dwelling
35. Making ___________ for biodiversity and nature can be done in various ways including underground and rooftop
farming, and roof gardens. 
A. room
B. way
C. space
D. home
36. As people will care more ___________ the environment, most cities will use renewable and clean energy.
A. about
B. for
C. of
D. with
37. Modern infrastructure will also be more ___________ . Electric buses and trains will produce less greenhouse gas
emissions.
A. ecological friendly
B. eco-friendly
C. environment friendly D. environmental friendly
38. In addition, more ___________ zones for walking and cycle paths will be made available for people in all
neighbourhoods.
A. comfort
B. safety
C. security
D. pedestrian
39. These features will make future cities more ______________ and will provide a high quality of life to city dwellers.
A. live
B. alive
C. liveable
D. lively
40. Smart cities use modern technologies to save time and provide better ______________ .
A. services
B. agriculture
C. industry
D. economy
41. Space for walking and cycling will be _________ with computer-controlled transport systems.
A. provided
B. replaced
C. predicted
D. impressed
48. Eco-friendly transport systems will reduce greenhouse gas _________.
A. release
B. launch
C. discharge
D. emissions
49. Quality of life will be improved _________ the cleaner environment.
A. thanks to
B. despite
C. because
D. in spite of
50. There will be no _________ vehicles because people will use public transport.
A. delivery
B. police
C. private
D. public
51. Green _________ will replace old blocks of flats and offices in crowded urban centres.
A. space
B. skyscrapers
C. energy
D. fields
52. Eco-friendly public transport will produce less carbon dioxide or waste, and will be _________ by computers
A. predicted
B. impressed
C. reduced
D. controlled
53. Smart street infastructure with sensor technology will provide information _________ faster, cheaper, and better
decision-making
A. for
B. with
C. of
D. on

54. Technology will make public transport faster, more _________, and more eco-friendly.
A. available
B. convenient
C. empty
D. popular
55. The ____________ of our city needs upgrading. It is in an extremely poor condition now.
A. infrastructure
B. environment
C. structure
D. inhabitant
56. If people use _____________ energy, their impact on the environment is less.
A. renewable
B. nonrenewable
C. fossil fuel
D. limited
57. I believe it'll be better because of modern ______________
A. energy
B. technique
C. technical
D. technology
58. I am not familiar ____________ the terms such as solar energy, solar panel. Can you explain them?
A. about
B. on
C. with
D. in
59. The ____________ friendly products are designed not to harm the natural environment.
A. environment
B. environmental
C. environmentally
D. environmentalism
60. Water, solar and wind are ___________ sources of energy.
A. friendly environmental
B. environment – friendly
C. friendly environment
D. environmental friendly
61. Nonrenewable energy has negative ______________ on the environment.
A. impact
B. benefit
C. quality
D. warning
62. The city is so ____________ that pollution and heavy traffic are common problems.
A. liveable
B. sustainable
C. overcrowded
D. urban
63. The ___________ of this village can enjoy a good quality of life.
A. infrastructure
B. inhabitants
C. environmentalists
D. researchers
64. The city dwellers design and ___________ projects aiming at reducing fossil fuel consumption
A. carry out
B. carry on
C. carry over
D. carry off
65. ____________ the new plan, the city dwellers can make its environment greener, cleaner and more sustainable
A. In spite of
B. Thanks to
C. Thanks for
D. In addition to
66. In the future, people can ____________ probable disasters and rescue the residents in danger.
A. threaten
B. damage
C. warn
D. threats
67. Human beings now have to _____________ environmental issues.
A. deal with
B. carry out
C. consume
D. ensure
68. People will mainly use __________ fuels such as wind and sun energy for transport.
A. fossil
B. nonrenewable
C. effective
D. renewable
69. The factory was punished for not ____________ chemicals before discharging them into the rivers.
A. ensuring
B. turning into
C. treating
D. dealing
70. The main ___________ to the survival of these creatures comes from their loss of habitat.
A. fuel
B. threat
C. shortage
D. change
71. City dwellers will have a better life thanks to _________ technology.
A. promoted
B. improved
C. advanced
D. low
72. ______________ is the fact of a country or city having too many people living in it
A. population
B. overpopulated
C. overpopulation
D. popular
73. Vietnamese people still complain __________ overcrowded streets during the rush hour.
A. to
B. about
C. on
D. for
74. People's lives will continue to be _________ because of the continuous risk of earthquakes and tsunamis here.
A. threat
B. threatening
C. threatened
D. satisfied
75. In the future, people will build offshore wind farms to replace ageing ___________ network.
A. electricity
B. electronic
C. electric
D. electrical
76. Sensors monitoring temperatures, energy use and traffic flow can ______ the authority about any problems
A. threaten
B. warn
C. dispose
D. provide
77. In Singapore, the mobile app Parking.sg allows you to book a parking space, and ___________ a payment.
A. take
B. give
C. make
D. provide
78. Using a mobile app, ___________ can unlock bikes from one station and return them to any other station in the
system. A. reside
B. residence
C. residents
D. resisdential
79. In Toronto (Canada), you can ___________ an appointment and see a doctor online a from your own home.

A. book
B. do C. take
D. pay
80. They are worried that their personal information might not be protected on the Internet, and they might become
victims of ___________.
A. online crime
B. theft
C. cybercrime
D. pickpockets
Ex 2.
Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals
1. ___SUSTAINABILITY__________________ will be a key consideration in urban planning and development.
(SUSTAINABLE)-a
2. Private vehicles will be replaced by more efficient and _ SUSTAINABLE ____________________ public transport
systems (SUSTAIN)
3. There will be electric buses, trains, and trams that produce no or low _EMISSION____________________ (EMIT)
4. The paintings are on display at an _____________________ which opened on Friday. (EXHIBITION)
5. Environmentalists say there is a high risk of ____POLLUTION_________________ from the landfill site.
(POLLUTE)
6. The disease spread quickly among the poor slum _____________________ of the city. (DWELLERS
7. The industry needs to look for technological __________SOLUTIONS___________ to their problems. (SOLVE)
8. Children need to be able to communicate ideas _____________________ to have a good job in the future
(EFFECTIVELY
9. Traffic is now flowing _____________________ again with the computer-controlled system (SMOOTHLY
10. The government has been praised for improving the ______ ECONOMY_______________. (ECONOMIC)
11. The exhibition has attracted special _____________________. from the media. (ATTENTION
12. It will become a safer and more _____________________ residential area (LIVEABLE
13. The town's modern _____________________ is very attractive to the young (ARCHITECT)
14. The rapid growth of _____________________ led to an acute shortage of housing. (POPULATE)
15. Sensors can inform waste ___________________ teams when the bins are full (COLLECT)
16. Computer-controlled transport systems like electric buses and trains wil produce less greenhouse gas
_______________________ (EMIT)
17. In the future, cities will only use _______________________ sources of energy such as wind and solar power
(RENEW)
18. Cameras and sensors are used to improve city dwellers' safety and _______________________ (SECURE)
19. There seems to be a lack of _______________________ over what we should do. (CERTAIN)
20. These children may need careful, _______________________ check-ups that include special tests to look for
early signs of cancer. (MEDICINE)
21. Patients can receive ________________________ and other documents online (PRESCRIBE)
22. The app can give city dwellers route _________________________ when they cycle through the city streets
(RECOMMEND)
Ex 3.
Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in the box
vehicles
reduce
predict
privacy
sensor
community
interact
high-rise
operate
liveable
1. These _______________________ apartment blocks will be built to solve housing problem
2. Smart devices help cities ______________ more efficiently
3. The road was closed while the ______________ crashed into toll station on the highway
4. There is a strong sense of _______________________ here; everyone is friendly and helpful
5. Smarphones technologies make people's lives easier because they can _________________ household chores
6. Hoa feel lonely because she doesn't __________________ with many people
7. In the future, people will have limited _______________ because there are cameras everwhere
8. The security device has a heat ________________ which detects the presence of people and animals.
9. Future cities will become more ____________________ and provide a high quality of life to city dwellers
10. The new technologies can ____________________ changes in the traffic and warn people of traffic congestion
Ex 4.
Fill in the blank with a suitable word given in the box
eco-friendly
public
replace
efficient
technologies
footprint
private
infrastructure
designed
installed

1. __________________ transport such as buses and trains will be faster, more frequent, and more comfortable.
2. The street ___________________ will be upgraded with more sensors and data collection devices.
3. The buildings will be designed to be more energy-efficient and ______________________
4. They will have green roofs, solar panels, and rainwater harvesting systems to reduce the energy consumption and
carbon ________________
5. Green skyscrapers will ________________old blocks of flats and offices in crowded urban centers.
6. Public services such as healthcare and education will be more accessible and ________________in the future cities.
7. Smart ________________ will help people schedule appointments, and connect with social networks.
8. People will not need to use their own cars because the city infrastructure will be ________________to support
public transportation.
9. People will have limited privacy due to cameras ________________ everywhere in the city.
10. There will be less _________________ cars in the future in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Ex 5.
Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition
1. The course is made ____________ of 12 two-hour sessions and at the end of the course, you will receive a
certificate
2. There was a lot of traffic ____________ the road this morning.
3. It would be better to transport the goods ____________ road.
4. They were seeking an ultimate solution ____________ the city's traffic problem.
5. He was very impressed ____________ her house in a smart city. It is modern and eco-friendly
6. I have been thinking _________________ installing solar panels on the roof to generate electricity
7. In the future, most of city dwellers will use electric cars to get ____________
8. Some people find pollution very difficult to cope ____________.
9. The residential areas should provide every dweller _________________ a high level of protection
10. The government will provide financial support _________________ low-income families.
11. Security experts warn the inhabitants of the smart cities _________________ the problems
12. The cities of the future will be different ____________ the cities of today.
13. The street light can turn _____________ when the sun rises
14. The government can make the cities ideal _____________ everyone who wants to enjoy the hight quality of life
15. Green space in the cities becomes home _____________ a wide range of plants and animals
16. We move the bookshelf to make room _______________ a new television
17. She cares deeply _______________ environmental issues because humans are destroying the Earth
18. She moved back home to care _______________ her elderly parents.
19. Walking and cycle paths will be made available ____________ people in the cities
20. Fossil fuels will be placed ______________ renewable energy such as solar energy or tidal energy
21. Thanks ______________ the efforts of the whole team, the project was completed on time.
22. This area is immensely popular ______________ tourists who want to enjoy fresh air
23. People will use electric underground instead _____________ private cars
24. It is easy for people to interact ______________ each other with advanced technology
25. People here have a strong sense of community because they want to have the feeling of belonging
____________ a group.
26. Robots can help families _______________ household chores and everyone can have time to relax
27. He argues that climate change is mainly due _______________ the actions of industrialized countries
28. We should book a parking space ______________ mobile apps because this way is more convenient and
economical
29. City dwellers can use robots to return books __________ the library.
30. The smell is very familiar ____________ everyone who lives near a bakery
31. Are you familiar ____________ the computer software they use?
32. The project's impact ____________ the environment should be minimal.
33. The room soon filled ______________ people.
34. Renewable sources of energy are ones that are never used ____________________
35. The main goal of urban planning is providing a healthier environment _________ people living _______ the city
36. City dwellers mainly use wind and sun energy ____________ cooking, lighting and heating their homes.
37. She is used to dealing ________________ all kinds of people in her job.

38.
39.
40.
41.

This organisation is capable ___________ detecting and locating any threats to public safety
The city planners design and conduct projects which aim _________ dealing with global climate change.
It is not easy for some people to get familiar _________ and use the smart devices.
You can just touch your bank card on the card reader when you get on and off the bus or the underground to
pay _________ your trip.
42. This technology can save time, reduce the need _________ physical visits to the doctor's office, and increase
access _________ medical care
Ex 6.
Circle A. B. C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
1. The display illustrates the traditional industries of the town.
A. construction
B. museum
C. characteristic
D. exhibition
2. Two drivers escaped injury when their vehicles collided near Thirsk.
A. trams
B. electric cars
C. transport
D. underground
3. Traffic jams are the city's biggest problem, especially during rush hour.
A. crowds
B. congestion
C. vehicles
D. underground
4. Many athletes feel the effects of air pollution during outdoor exercise.
A. contaminant
B. contamination
C. purity
D. hygiene
5. China's rich urbanites can enjoy high quality of life in the modern world
A. migrants
B. immigrants
C. city dwellers
D. emigrants
6. A hidden camera had been installed in the room.
A. modernized
B. renovated
C. removed
D. set up
7. Living in a smart city is not all good as some people may think. What are the pros and cons of living in a smart
city?
A. causes and effects
B. effects and solutions
C. causes and solutions
D. advantages and disadvantages
8. In my opinion, the benefits of smart technologies outweigh the drawbacks.
A. disadvantages
B. advantages
C. effects
D. measures
9. Smart technologies make people's lives easier by reducing household chores.
A. modern
B. stylish
C. intelligent
D. stupid
10. People become worried because their personal information might not be protected.
A. concerned
B. tired
C. surprised
D. impressed
11. The good thing about smart cities is that they have modern technology
A. complex
B. basic
C. obscure
D. advanced
12. The city infrastructure which includes sensors and cameras collects information about people
A. consists of
B. excludes
C. installs
D. locates
13. With cameras everywhere in public spaces, people also have limited privacy.
A. large
B. eliminated
C. extended
D. restricted
14. Living in a smart city has both advantages and disadvantages.
A. outcomes
B. drawbacks
C. benefits
D. solutions
15. Smart cities are built on new technologies to improve people's lives.
A. recover
B. affect
C. damage
D. enhance
16. Smart technologies make daily life more efficient and saves people a lot of time.
A. effective
B. liveable
C. available
D. modern
17. Measures should be put in place to protect people's privacy and ensure the safety of their personal information.
A. danger
B. security
C. certainty
D. uncertainty
18. Some smart technologies are difficult to use and without training, city dwellers might find them useless.
A. migrants
B. immigrants
C. residents
D. emigrants
19. The area will be more vibrant, and it will attract more tourists.
A. passive
B. liveable
C. enegetic
D. available
20. It seemed a reasonable solution to a difficult problem.
A. effect
B. measure
C. consequence
D. cause
21. Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
A. communicate
B. interrupt
C. impress
D. educate
22. A free trade agreement would be advantageous to both countries.

A. disadvantaged
B. familiar
C. advantaged
D. beneficial
Ex 7.
Circle A. B. C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)
1. Traffic is now flowing smoothly again.
A. roughly
B. rapidly
C. evenly
D. slowly
2. Mexico City is one of the most densely populated cities in the world
A. closely
B. thickly
C. sparsely
D. heavily
3. In the future, we will use more nenewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power
A. alternative
B. limited
C. inexhaustible
D. endless
4. Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in some urban areas.
A. residential
B. rural
C. coastal
D. mountainous
5. The police are conducting a safety awareness programme in local schools.
A. certainty
B. security
C. danger
D. doubt
6. He thinks he's special with his expensive suits and fancy shoes.
A. costly
B. reasonable
C. prohibitive
D. upmarket
7. The company claims it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.
A. contaminant
B. contamination
C. purity
D. hygiene
8. The building was made using modern construction techniques.
A. complex
B. basic
C. traditional
D. advanced
9. There are some disadvantage of smart cities such as limited privacy or lack of social control
A. large
B. eliminated
C. extended
D. unrestricted
10. One disadvantage of living in the town is the lack of safe places for children to play.
A. outcomes
B. drawbacks
C. benefits
D. solutions
11. Smart cities are built on new technologies to improve people's lives.
A. recover
B. affect
C. worsen
D. enhance
12. To reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere, ways to limit the use of private cars must be found.
A. public
B. personal
C. common
D. shared
Ex 8.
Circle A. B. C or D to indicate the words/ phrases that need correction
1. The urban lifestyle seems more excitingly to young people.
2. The museum looks beauty from a distance.
3. Widening the road sounds a good solve to traffic problems in the area.
4. We all know that we have to work hardly to support the family.
5. The noise on the roof of the trailer woke Bill and Fred up very quick
6. She finds housework bored and doesn't like to stay at home all day.
7. The accident looked seriously but fortunately nobody was injured
8. He was a bad influence on the child, who was at an impressive age.
9. The number of homeless people have increased dramatically.
10. She's in her third year of studying economy at York University.
Ex 9.
Circle A. B. C. or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.
1. Ann: I heard that in the future people will build cities on the ocean. Do you think that will be possible?
David:  _______________. With the help of modern technologies, we can build cities on water
A. I'm not really sure about it
C. It's very unlikely
B. I have no doubt about it
D. I don't believe it's true
2. Ann: Do you think the government can build our first smart city in this area?
David:  _______________. Smart technologies are very expensive. We don't have Al experts either.
A. I'm not really sure about it
C. Of course
B. I have no doubt about it
D. I'm positive
3. Ann: Have you heard that they're planning to have driverless buses in the future? Will it be possible?
David: _______________. They have invited some expert already.
A. I'm not really sure about it
C. I don't think so
B. I'm pretty certain about it.
D. There is some doubt in mind
4. Ann: Have you heard about the latest Al robots? They're supposed to be able to do all the household chores
David: _______________. I think there will still be limitations to what the robots can do
A. I'm a hundred percent sure about that
C. Yes, I am certain

B. I'm a bit uncertain about that
D. Good idea
1. Nam: In my opinion, there will be no pollution in the future
Hoa: ______________. Our city will be cleaner and sustainable
A. Yes, that's right
B. You're right
C. I disgree
D. Not at all
2. – “Our living standards have been improved greatly.” - “ _________________________________ “
A. Thank you for saying so
B. Sure. I couldn't agree more
C. No, it's nice to say so
D. Yes, it's nice of you to say so.
3. - “ Do you feel like going to the stadium this afternoon?” - “ ___________________________ “
A. I don't agree. I'm afraid
B. I feel very bored
C. You're welcome
D. That would be great.
4. - What do you think of the General Knowledge Quiz?
- Oh, _____________________It's an opportunity to test my general knowledge.
A. I think it's great
B. I agree with you
C. I think it's terrible D. It's not a good idea.
5. – “ Thank you for taking the time to come here in person “ - “ ____________________________ “
A. It's my pleasure
B. I don't know what time that person comes.
C. I'd love to come. What's time ?
D. Do you have time for some gossip?
6. “I believe that wind power can be an alternative source of energy.” “______________”
A. I disagree. It sounds impossible
B. Why do you believe so?
C. That would be nice
D. I'm afraid so.
7. - Congratulations! You did great. - .............................
a. It's nice of you to say so.
b. It's my pleasure.
c. You're welcome.
d. That's okay.
8. Alice: “What shall we do this weekend?”- Carol: “.......................”
a. Went out for dinner.
b. Oh, that's good
c. Let's go out for dinner.
d. No problem.
9. A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” -B: “....................”
a. Go ahead
b. Not at all
c. Come on
d. I'm pleased you like it
Ex 10. Complete the sentences without changing the meaning.
1. That electric car's so expensive that I don't think I can buy it.
 It's such ________________________________________.
2. I like living in a smart city more than living in the countryside
 I prefer ________________________________________.
3. This is the first time I have seen this kind of intelligent robots
I haven't ________________________________________.
4. Although the air in the city is polluted, he still wants to become a city dweller
In spite ________________________________________.
5. The police let him leave after they had questioned him.
The police allowed ________________________________________.
6. The room in the skyscraper was so expensive that I didn't buy it.
 The room in the skyscraper was too ______________________________
7. It took us only ten minutes to finish the homework.
 We spent ________________________________________.
8. He has installed solar panels on the roof for three years.
 He started ________________________________________.
9. It was such a dirty beach that I decided not to stay.
 The beach ________________________________________.
10. He hasn't played basketball for 6 months.
 The last time ________________________________________.
11. I find it difficult to find a better solution to that problem.
 I have ________________________________________.
12. The last time I went out for lunch was five days ago.
 I haven't ________________________________________.
13. There's no need for you to drive very fast. (using Modals)
 You don't ________________________________________.
14. This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.

 I have never ________________________________________.