ĐỀ THAM KHẢO
BỘ ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN MINH HỌA

KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG NĂM 2025
Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài:50 phút; không kể thời gian phát đề

ĐỀ SỐ 01
(Đề thi có 05 trang)
Họ, tên thí sinh: ....................................................................................
Số báo danh: .........................................................................................

Biên soạn: TikTok @thptqg2025

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
FEELING STRESSED?
Have you ever felt tired and even stressed? Diao Chan therapy and
retreat helps you with (1) ______. What you need is just 30 minutes (2)
______ a day. You get (3) ______ if you need 15 minutes of foot massage. Our
service is (4) ______ is convenient for businessmen. Free hot drinks are also (5)
______. From now on you must remember this address: 123 Lu Bu Street,
downtown area. You can (6) ______ call at 0983850619 in advance.
Question 1. A. relaxation
B. relax
C. relaxed
D. relaxing
Question 2. A. massage total body
B. total massage body
C. total body massage
D. body massage total
Question 3. A. freedom
B. duty-free
C. free of charge
D. feeling free
Question 4. A. available 24/7 which
B. available 24/7, which
C. available 24/7
D. available 24/7 that
Question 5. A. composing
B. including
C. composed
D. included
Question 6. A. do
B. change
C. make
D. dial
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option
that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Our natural resources will be (7) ______unless we save the energy (8) ______.
Follow these tips to avoid wasting energy:
● Use a timer on your air-conditioning system. Just set air conditioning to come only (9) ______.
● Close your curtains at dust to stop heat escaping (10) ______ the windows.
● Don't leave the apps on your phones or laptops (11) ______ unnecessarily.
● If you have a hot water tank, set the cylinder thermostat to 60ºC (140ºF).
● Don't use your (12) ______ every day. Hang out washing outside during nice weather.
Question 7. A. used for
B. used in
C. used up
D. used all
Question 8. A. which is consuming
B. we are consumed
C. which are consumed
D. we are consuming
Question 9. A. when is required
B. when required
C. when is requiring
D. when requiring
Question 10. A. from
B. out
C. through
D. though
Question 11. A. on standby B. at standby
C. for standby
D. with standby
Question 12. A. washing machine
B. drying machine
C. cutting machine
D. fixing machine
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences
to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17
Question 13.
a. Tom: Good morning, Alice! Did you sleep well?
b. Alice: Yes, thank you. How about you?
c. Alice: Good morning, Tom!
A. a – b – c
B. c – b – a
C. b – c – a
D. c – a – b
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Question 14.
a. Jack: Morning, Emily! It was good, thanks. I went hiking with some friends. How about you?
b. Emily: Good morning, Jack! How was your weekend?
c. Emily: Sounds fun! I had a relaxing weekend at home. Hey, have you seen the agenda?
d. Emily: Alright, thanks. Oh, and don't forget, we have that client presentation at 2 PM.
e. Jack: Not yet. Let me check my email.
A. a – b – c – d – e
B. c – b – a – e – d
C. b – a – c – e – d
D. c – a – b – d – e
Question 15.
Dear Giang,
a. Distance may keep us apart, but my love for you only grows stronger.
b. I miss you more with each passing day.
c. I cherish the moments we shared, and I hold onto the hope of being together soon.
d. Our love knows no bounds, transcending the miles that separate us.
e. Every day brings us closer to our reunion, and I eagerly wait for that day.
f. You are my guiding star, my source of strength, and my reason to smile.
With all my love, Ho
A. a – b – c – d – e – f
B. f – e – d – c – b – a
C. b – a – d – c – f – e D. e – f – c – d – a – b
Question 16.
a. Furthermore, highly educated women have opportunities to become leaders at work.
b. Secondly, educated women can both take care of their children and fulfil their job requirements.
c. In conclusion, there should be no sex discrimination in our society nowadays.
d. Their incomes are higher and higher. Why has the situation changed lately?
e. Firstly, girls who stay at school longer can build their good backgrounds.
f. The number of women who become highly educated labourers is increasing.
A. f – d – e – b – a – c
B. d – a – c – f – e – b
C. b – a – e – c – d – f D. d – c – e – a – b – f
Question 17.
a. All in all, sharing child-rearing and housework helps make a full house.
b. That is why more and more fathers are loved by both their wives and their children.
c. Additionally, housework helps men sympathise with their wives.
d. Firstly, they have a chance to bond with their children and improve their relationships.
e. In my opinion, men sometimes should stay home, take care of their children and do housework.
f. Secondly, children instructed by their fathers should become stronger and stronger.
A. f – a – c – d – b – e
B. e – d – f – c – a – b
C. e – f – b – d – c – a D. b – d – e – c – f – a
Read the following passage about gender equality and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22
Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful,
prosperous and sustainable world. It is estimated that (18) ________. Unfortunately, at the current time, 1 in
5 women and girls between the ages of 15-49 have reported experiencing physical or sexual violence by an
intimate partner within a 12-month period and 49 countries currently have no laws (19) ________. This type
of violence doesn't just harm individual women and girls, it also undermines (20) _________and hinders
their active involvement in society. Progress is occurring regarding harmful practices such as child marriage
and FGM (Female Genital Mutilation), (21) ________, but there is still much work to be done to complete
eliminate such practices.
Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and (22)
______ will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Implementing new legal
frameworks regarding female equality in the workplace and the eradication of harmful practices targeted at
women is crucial to ending the gender-based discrimination prevalent in many countries around the world.
Question 18. A. While women and girls represent half of the world's population.
B. Because women and girls represent half of the world's population
C. Women and girls represent half of the world's population
D. Which women and girls represent half of the world's population
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Question 19. A. protecting women from domestic violence
B. that protecting women from domestic violence
C. which protecting women from domestic violence
D. having protected women from domestic violence
Question 20. A. they overall quality of life
B. our overall quality of life
C. its overall quality of life
D. their overall quality of life
Question 21. A. has declined by 30% in the past decade
B. that has declined by 30% in the past decade
C. which has declined by 30% in the past decade
D. what has declined by 30% in the past decade
Question 22. A. to represent in political and economic decision-making processes
B. representation in political and economic decision-making processes
C. that represent in political and economic decision-making processes
D. who represent in political and economic decision-making processes
Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
How long will a baby born today live? 100 years? 120 years? Scientists are studying genes that
could mean long life for us all.
There are already many, many people who have passed the landmark age of 100. In fact, there are
now so many healthy, elderly people that there's a name for them: the wellderly. These are people over the
age of eighty who have no major illnesses, such as high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes.
There are many scientific studies of communities where healthy old age is typical. These include
places like Calabria in southern Italy and the island of Okinawa in Japan. In Calabria, the small village of
Molochio has about 2,000 inhabitants. And of these, there are at least eight people over a hundred years old.
When researchers ask people like this the secret of their long life, the answer is almost always about food
and is almost always the same: 'I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables.' 'I eat a little bit of everything.' 'I neither
smoke nor drink.'
In the past, scientists looked at things such as diet and lifestyle for an explanation of long life, but
these days they are also looking at genetics. Researcher Eric Topol says that there must be genes that
explain why people are protected from the effects of aging process. The new research into long life
did scrutinize groups of people who have a genetic connection. One interesting group lives in Ecuador. In
one area of the country there are a number of people with the same genetic condition. It's called Laron
syndrome. These people don't grow very tall – just over one metre. But Laron syndrome also give them
protection against cancer and diabetes. As a result, they live longer than other people in their families.
Meanwhile, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu, there's another group of long-lived men, Japanese-Americans.
They have a similar gene to the Laron syndrome group.
Back in Calabria, researchers constructed the family trees of the 100-year-old people. They looked at
family information from the 19th century to today. It is concluded that there are genetic factors that give
health benefits to the men. This is a surprising result because generally in Europe, women live longer than
men. So what really makes people live longer? It seems likely that it is an interaction of genes, the
environment and probably a third factor – luck.
Question 23. Which of the following is NOT true about the Laron syndrome?
A. This syndrome is a health problem for groups of people in Ecuador and Hawaii.
B. It is the result of a genetic condition.
C. People diagnosed with this syndrome are prone to diabetes.
D. Ecuadorians having Laron syndrome are approximately one metre tall.
Question 24. The word “elderly” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. short-list
B. short-sighted
C. short-lived
D. short-tempered
Question 25. The word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to_______.
A. scientists
B. explanations
C. things
D. diet and lifestyle
Question 26. The word “scrutinize” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. weigh
B. peruse
C. inspect
D. discover
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Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Researcher Eric Topol says that some genes can give us the reason for our aging process.
B. Researcher Eric Topol says that some genes can cause effects on our aging process.
C. Researcher Eric Topol says that some genes can make our aging process shorter.
D. Researcher Eric Topol says that some genes can slow down our aging process.
Question 28. Who is TRUE about the wellderly?
A. They are old people with health problems.
B. They are young people with health problems.
C. They are young people without health problems.
D. They are old people without health problems.
Question 29. In which paragraph does the write mention that most people talk about what to eat as the
secret of their long life?
A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 5
Question 30. In which paragraph does the write mention that fortune may be also a factor of their long life?
A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 5
Read the following passage about education in Nepal and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
An education pioneer born into rural poverty in Nepal has opened 30 schools in a bid to boost
prospects for his country's children.
The World Bank ranks Nepal as the globe's 31st poorest country, with almost 10 million people
living on daily incomes between £1.48 and £2.50. Many rural villages remain unreached by government
schooling and adult literacy stood at just 60 per cent in 2011.
Surya Karki and his charity United World Schools Nepal (UWS) are tackling high illiteracy and
poverty rates by funding and improving education.
The first school opened in 2015 – since then 92 per cent of children have completed primary
education, which finishes at age eight, and continued into secondary education with UWS schools. In
comparison to 39 per cent of students continuing education who attended government schools.
Mr Karki was born into poverty in rural Nepal. Speaking to the Telegraph he said: “School is the
only solution to the poverty cycle that we live in. I was raised by a single mother in a male-dominated
society.
“The school that I went to was approximately two hours walk away. My house was on top of a hill
and my mother had to drag me across rivers. We used to walk 10 miles a day. The schooling was really
bad.”
Of the students who would go to school, he said: “They would end up in the same place, as cheap
migrant workers in Qatar, Saudi, or Dubai. There was no value in education – no success stories.”
[A] Karki's mother was a firm believer in education, and at age eight Karki secured a scholarship to
study in the capital, Kathmandu. [B] From there he won scholarships and completed Masters degrees in
China and the United States. [C] Karki said. “Inequalities in a country can only be decreased if there is
access to knowledge.” [D]
The devastating earthquake in 2015 damaged 9,300 schools, displacing hundreds of thousands of
families and pushing 700,000 people into poverty. As of January 2018, only 2,891 schools had been rebuilt.
Karki said: “We came at a crucial time, where we could redo or undo what had been done badly. Education
was really bad in terms of infrastructure, quality of teachers, training. It was an opportunity for us to really
make things better.”
UWS Nepal has so far built 30 schools and has seven more in construction. The schools run between
10 am and 3:30 pm, and have an 86 per cent average attendance rate, which Karki says is almost double the
attendance rates for government schools in the vicinity. Sexual health classes are taught to the children in
the later years.
Question 31. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. A man born into poverty in Nepal inspired thousands of children to finish school.
B. It was not easy to be born by a single mother in a male-dominated society.
C. The disastrous earthquake in 2015 deteriorated schooling system in Nepal.
D. Nepal successfully got rid of illiteracy thanks to the financial aid from World Bank.
Question 32. The word “tackling” in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. addressing
B. planning
C. discussing
D. suffering
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Question 33. The word “displacing” in the passage mostly means _______.
A. making people homeless
B. bringing people safety
C. making people lose directions
D. causing people to panic
Question 34. The word “undo” in the passage mostly means ______.
A. remove the bad effects of something B. highlight the advantages of something
C. restore the old conditions of something D. suffer the consequences of something
Question 35. Where does the following sentence best fit?
He returned to Nepal in 2015 and decided to stay and develop the education system.
A. [A]
B. [B]
C. [C]
D. [D]
Question 36. Which of the following expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?
A. If people in a nation can gain access to knowledge, equalities among people will be improved.
B. Even if there were access to intellectual data, there would still remain inequalities among the people.
C. The more inequalities in a country are decreased, the more knowledge there is for people to access.
D. It is impossible to gain access to knowledge as there are such a lot of difficulties in a country.
Question 37. Which of the following is TRUE about Nepal?
A. It used to have higher literacy rates than 31 other countries in the world.
B. It currently has the population of just under 10 million people.
C. In 2011, just more than 50% of its population were able to read and write.
D. Governmental schooling could reach even the most remote rural villages.
Question 38. All of the following is true about Surya Karki EXCEPT.
A. He was one of a few Nepalese who could work closely with the World Bank.
B. He used to travel a long way in order to get to school.
C. He was academically stronger most other students in his class.
D. He was not raised by his father, which was a disadvantage in a male-dominated like that.
Question 39. According to Karki, the education system in Nepal ______.
A. had been much better before many schools were destroyed in the storm
B. was undesirable in terms of teachers, facilities and teaching quality
C. was effective in reducing illiteracy among adult learners
D. was lacking in proper sex education classes
Question 40. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Karki and his organisation have generally outperformed Nepal governmental schools in inspiring
children to continue their schooling.
B. The obstacles faced by schools in Nepal were made more serious due to the harsh weather and the
disastrous earthquake in 2015.
C. The schooling offered to Karki had been of higher quality to that offered to current students in Nepal.
D. School children in Nepal are bored with attending governmental schools and opting for attending
UWS schools for higher levels.
--------------------- THE END --------------------- Thí sinh không sử dụng tài liệu.
- Giám thị coi thi không giải thích gì thêm.

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ĐỀ THAM KHẢO
BỘ ĐỀ PHÁT TRIỂN MINH HỌA

KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG NĂM 2025
Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài:50 phút; không kể thời gian phát đề

ĐỀ SỐ 02
(Đề thi có 05 trang)
Họ, tên thí sinh: ....................................................................................
Số báo danh: .........................................................................................

Biên soạn: TikTok @thptqg2025

Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Solo Female Travelers Club – Global Greeter Network
Looking to enhance your travel experience with a local perspective? Join the Global Greeter Network, a
service (1) ________ to connect travelers with friendly locals eager to (2) ________ you around. Whether
you're (3) ________ in a guided tour, a scenic walk, or simply being dropped (4) ________ at a spot of
interest, this program offering flexible options allows you to explore new destinations without the hassle of
finding transportation. Perfect for solo female travelers wanting (5) ________ locals and like-minded
explorers, the Global Greeter Network provides access to exclusive travel groups. Share experiences, make
friends, and discover hidden gems. This service is designed for those eager to experience (6) ________ in a
safe, comfortable way.
[Adapted from Solo Female Travelers]
Question 1: A. design
B. was designed
C. designed
D. that designed
Question 2: A. go
B. see
C. show
D. look
Question 3: A. interested
B. interesting
C. interest
D. interestingly
Question 4: A. on
B. off
C. to
D. about
Question 5: A. to meet
B. meeting
C. meet
D. meeting
Question 6: A. local authentic culture
B. culture authentic local
C. authentic culture local
D. authentic local culture
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option
that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
Save the Earth, One Step at a Time!
Let's explore what we can do in our daily lives to help protect the environment.
Key Facts:
• Every year, over 8 million tonnes of plastic enter our oceans, threatening (7) ________ life and
ecosystems.
• Transport is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, especially air travel, which can
account for up to 10% of your yearly carbon footprint.
What You Can Do:
1. Eat Sustainably: Choose a plant-based diet when possible. Reducing meat and dairy consumption
not only (8) ________ on greenhouse gas emissions (9) ________ also helps prevent deforestation for
animal feed crops.
2. Reduce Waste: Avoid single-use plastics. Opt for reusable bags, containers, and water bottles. Every
time you (10) ________, you prevent more plastic waste from ending up in landfills or oceans.
3. Travel Responsibly: Whenever possible, walk or bike short distances. If traveling longer distances,
(11) ________ public transport or trains instead of flights to save a large (12) ________ of carbon
emissions.
Question 7: A. aquatic
B. wildlife
C. marine
D. coastal
Question 8: A. gets down
B. cuts down
C. breaks up
D. breaks down
Question 9: A. and
B. or
C. so
D. but
Question 10: A. reuse
B. recycle
C. reduce
D. refill
Question 11: A. avoid
B. consider
C. ignore
D. prefer
Question 12: A. other
B. many
C. much
D. amount
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences
to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17
Question 13:
a. Nam: Hi, Jessica. I'm so excited as I've never met a talking robot before. Let's have a photo taken
together!
b. Teacher: Hello, class. Please meet Jessica. She's a human-like robot and will be your guide today.
c. Jessica: Good morning, everybody. Welcome to the New Tech Centre.
[Adapted from Global Success]
A. a-b-c
B. b-a-c
C. c-a-b
D. b-c-a
Question 14:
a. Alex: That makes sense, but I don't think AI is suitable for basic tasks.
b. Nick: Definitely. A doctor's job is such a tedious one that AI will likely take over.
c. Nick: You're right. Basic jobs may be perfect for AI, but humans may not want to relinquish control of
more boring tasks.
d. Alex: Do you think AI will affect the role of doctors?
[Adapted from I Learn Smart World]
A. d-c-a-b
B. d-b-a-c
C. d-b-c-a
D. a-d-c-b
Question 15:
Dear Emily,
a. I hope you're doing well! I just got back from an amazing trip to Italy and had to tell you about it.
b. If you ever get the chance to visit Italy, you should go! I'd love for us to travel together someday.
c. I loved the food, especially the pizza in Naples!
d. It was the perfect getaway and a much-needed break from routine.
e. The locals were so welcoming, and learning a few Italian phrases helped.
f. The views at the Amalfi Coast were breathtaking, and I explored beautiful cities like Venice and Rome.
Take care,
Sarah
A. a-f-e-d-c-b
B. a-e-d-c-b-f
C. a-f-c-d-e-b
D. a-f-c-e-d-b
Question 16:
a. Additionally, choosing eco-friendly products and supporting renewable energy sources, such as solar or
wind power, contributes to a greener planet.
b. Planting trees helps reduce carbon dioxide levels and improves air quality.
c. Simple actions like reducing plastic use, recycling, and conserving water can make a significant
difference.
d. It's important for individuals, businesses, and governments to work together to preserve natural
resources, reduce pollution, and combat climate change for future generations.
e. Protecting the environment is crucial for ensuring a healthy and sustainable future.
[Adapted from World Wildlife Fund and United Nations Environment Programme materials]
A. e-c-b-a-d
B. e-a-c-d-b
C. e-c-a-b-d
D. d-e-a-c-b
Question 17:
a. As AI continues to advance, it holds the potential to revolutionize fields such as healthcare, education,
and business, though ethical considerations about job displacement and privacy are increasingly important.
b. Initially focused on basic problem-solving and calculations, AI now powers complex systems, from
virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to self-driving cars and advanced medical diagnostics.
c. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved, transforming industries and everyday life.
d. Machine learning and deep learning technologies enable AI to analyze vast amounts of data, improving
its decision-making abilities.
[Adapted from Forbes and MIT Technology Review]
A. c-b-d-a
B. c-d-a-b
C. b-c-a-d
D. c-a-d-b
Read the following passage about gender equality and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet
to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22
The World's First GPS
On a stormy night in 1707, four ships struck rocks off the south coast of England and sank. One
thousand, four hundred sailors were drowned. The ships had crashed because they had no way of knowing
how far they had travelled in a particular direction; they could not calculate their longitude, which required
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accurate time meas urement. (18) ________. In such difficult circumstances, they believed that the best
response to the disaster was a competition: the Longitude Prize.
The Longitude Prize was no ordinary competition. (19) ________. Geniuses such as Sir Isaac Newton
had failed to find a solution, so to ensure the interest of Britain's greatest scientific minds, the government
offered a prize of £20,000 - the equivalent of £2.6 million in today's money. But to everyone's surprise, it
wasn't a famous academic who solved the problem, but an unknown carpenter. When John Harrison wasn't
working with wood, (20) ________. An accurate clock would allow sailors to calculate their position, but at
the time it was thought impossible to create a mechanical clock (21) ________. The movement of the sea
and the changes in temperature destroyed the delicate parts. However, after three frustrated attempts,
Harrison's fourth sea clock, H4, finally triumphed. Its mechanics were so good that the H14 worked better
than most clocks on land.
The Longitude Prize and Harrison's success (22) ________. However, in 2013, the British
government created a new Longitude Prize, offering £10 million to the person who could solve a great
challenge to humanity.
[Adapted from Friends Global]
Question 18:
A. It was one of the most serious maritime accidents in the world that forced the British government to take
action.
B. A series of such incidents occurred, leaving the British government stunned and deciding to act.
C. It was the most serious in a series of accidents at sea, and a stunned British government decided to act.
D. The British government was shocked by the incident and decided to respond, as it was a frequent
occurrence.
Question 19:
A. To win, one had to calculate the distance a ship had travelled since it set out.
B. Someone was required to discover a method for determining how far a ship had gone east or west from
its starting point.
C. To win it, someone had to find a way of calculating how far a ship had travelled east or west from its
point of departure
D. The competition required the winner to find a method to calculate the east-west distance of the ship from
its starting point.
Question 20:
A. He studied to make clocks.
B. Making clocks.
C. While John Harrison wasn't making clocks.
D. Teaching how to make clocks.
Question 21:
A. Which work on a ship
B. Working on a ship
C. That could operate on a ship
D. Designed to function on a ship
Question 22:
A. Makes people interested in the 18th century, but it remained noted in the years that followed.
B. Attracting a lot of attention in the 18th century and was quickly forgotten.
C. Generated a lot of interest in the 18th century, but it was soon forgotten
D. It caused significant interest in the 18th century, although it quickly faded away.
Read the following passage about human life expectancy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.
Urbanization refers to the process through which cities grow and expand as more people move from
rural to urban areas. This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities,
educational facilities, and healthcare services, which often attract individuals seeking better living standards.
As cities become more populated, they undergo significant transformations in infrastructure, including
housing, transportation, and public services.
The rise in urban populations can lead to both positive and negative outcomes. On the positive side,
urbanization can stimulate economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange. It often brings
improvements in living standards and provides better access to services and amenities. However, rapid
urban growth can also strain existing infrastructure, leading to issues such as overcrowding, pollution, and
inadequate public services. These challenges can impact the quality of life in urban areas and require careful
planning and management.
Effective urban planning is crucial to mitigating the negative effects of urbanization. This
includes creating sustainable infrastructure, managing resources efficiently, and ensuring equitable access to
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services for all residents. By addressing these challenges, cities can harness the benefits of urbanization
while improving the overall quality of urban life.
[Adapted from United Nations. "World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision." United Nations
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2019]
Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor driving urbanization?
A. Economic opportunities
B. Healthcare services
C. Climate change
D. Educat...