UNIT

10

PLANET EARTH

PRONOUNCIATION
RHYTHM IN SENTENCES
- Khi nói tiếng Anh, chúng ta nhấn vào một số âm tiết cố định trong câu. Sự kết họp giữa
các âm được nhấn và âm không được nhấn tạo ra nhịp điêu trong tiếng Anh.
- Các dấu nhấn âm, dấu nhấn từ là các yếu tố khiến tiếng Anh trở nên trầm bổng và giúp
người nghe biết được đâu là điểm nhấn ở trong câu để có thể nắm bắt được ý chính thật
nhanh và chính xác.
Hãy cùng luyện tập nói các câu sau, chú ý nhấn vào các âm bôi đậm nhé.
1. I'm going to a birthday party.
2. Would you like coffee or tea?
3. Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
4. Do moonquakes last up to half an hour?
Task 1.
Exercise 1: Read the following sentences. Pay attention to the bold parts.
1. Protecting the environment is important for the future of our planet.
2. There are eight planets in the Solar system.
3. It is important to wash your hands before eating.
4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth.
5. Working hard can help us achieve our goals in life.
6. Plants provide shelter and food for animals in their habitat.
7. There are thousands of languages spoken around the world.
8. Each country has its own unique culture, traditions, and language.
Exercise 2: Underline the stressed syllables in these sentences.
1. The atmosphere protects Earth from harmful rays.
2. Trash in rivers and oceans causes water pollution.
3. Electric scooters are becoming more popular in cities.

4. Nature provides us with food, water, and fresh air to breathe.
5. A galaxy is a huge system of stars, planets, and other celestial objects.
6. Travelling allows us to explore the world and learn about different cultures.
7. The planet Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
8. The Moon's surface is covered in craters and mountains.
9. Astronomers use telescopes to observe distant objects in outer space.
10. Some human activities threaten the habitat of flora and fauna species

Task 2. Find the word which has different stress pattern from that of the others.
1. A. reserve

B. flora

C. nature

D. fauna

2. A. liquid

B. water

C. aware

D. grassland

3. A. system

B. giraffe

C. ocean

D. body

4. A. outer

B. earthquake

C. solar

D. protect

5. A. pollute

B. climate

C. region

D. livestock

6. A. planet

B. discuss

C. balance

D. canyon

7. A. coastline

B. surface

C. preserve

D. rocky

8. A. important

B. temperate

C. medicine

D. oxygen

9. A. habitat

B. condition

C. tropical

D. rainforest

10. A. ecology

B. appreciate

C. impossible

D. contribution

11. A. landform

B. mountain

C. reptile

D. provide

12. A. include

B. zebra

C. lion

D. lizard

13. A. destroy

B. leopard

C. forest

D. desert

14. A. recognize

B. oxygen

C. understand

D. fascinate

15. A. natural

B. essential

C. animal

D. continent

VOCABULARY

WORD

PRONUNCIATION

MEANING

affect (v)

/əˈfekt/

gây ảnh hưởng

appreciate (v)

/əˈpriːʃieɪt/

đánh giá cao

climate change (n)

/ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/

biến đổi khí hậu

droppings (n)

/ˈdrɒpɪŋz/

phân (động vật)

essential (adj)

/ɪˈsenʃl/

vô cùng quan trọng

ecological balance

/ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl
ˈbæləns/

cân bằng sinh thái

fascinating (adj)

/ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/

rất thú vị và hấp dẫn

fertilizer (n)

/ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə/

phân bón

food chain (n)

/ˈfuːd tʃeɪn/

chuỗi thức ăn

grassland (n)

/ˈɡrɑːslænd/

khu vực đồng cỏ

habitat (n)

/ˈhæbɪtæt/

môi trường sống của động thực vật

harm (v)

/hɑːm/

làm hại

landform (n)

/ˈlændfɔːm/

dạng địa hình, địa mạo

nature reserve (n)

/ˈneɪtʃə rɪzɜːv/

khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên

observe (v)

/əbˈzɜːv/

quan sát, chú ý

orbit (v)

/ˈɔːbɪt/

quay quanh quỹ đạo

outer space (n)

/ˌaʊtə ˈspeɪs/

ngoài vũ trụ

pesticide (n)

/ˈpestɪsaɪd/

thuốc diệt cỏ

pole (n)

/pəʊl/

cực (bắc / nam)

preserve (v)

/prɪˈzɜːv/

bảo tồn

threat (n)

/θret/

nỗi đe doạ

vital (adj)

/ˈvaɪtl/

quan trọng mức sống còn

WORD FORMATION
Words
Related words
affect (v)
/əˈfekt/
gây

ảnh

Transcription

effect (n)

/ɪˈfekt/

affection (n)

/əˈfekʃn/

Meaning
sự ảnh hưởng
sự ảnh hưởng, sự gây ảnh
hưởng, sự yêu mến, tình cảm

hưởng
appreciate
(v)

appreciation (n)

/əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/

appreciative (adj)

/əˈpriːʃətɪv/

biết đánh giá, biết thưởng thức

/əˈpriːʃətɪvli/

khen ngợi, tán dương, tán

/əˈpriːʃieɪt/

appreciatively

đánh giá cao

(adv)

sự đánh giá cao

thưởng

essential

essential (n)

/ɪˈsenʃl/

yếu tố cần thiết

(adj) /ɪˈsenʃl/

essence (n)

/ˈesns/

tinh hoa, điều cốt lõi

essentially (adv)

/ɪˈsenʃli/

vô cùng
quan trọng

về bản chất, về cơ bản

fascinating

fascinate (v)

/ˈfæsɪneɪt/

hấp dẫn, thu hút

(adj)

fascination (n)

/ˌfæsɪˈneɪʃn/

sự mê hoặc, quyến rũ

/ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/

fascinated (adj)

/ˈfæsɪneɪtɪd/

mê hoặc, quyến rũ

/ˈfæsɪneɪtər/

người thôi miên, người quyến

rất thú vị và fascinator (n)
hấp dẫn

rũ

habitat (n)

habitable (adj)

/ˈhæbɪtəbl/

có thể ở được

/ˈhæbɪtæt/

inhabitable (adj)

/ɪnˈhæbɪtəbl/

có thể ở được, có thể cư trú

/in'haebitant/

người ở, người cư trú, cư dân

attachment (n)

/əˈtætʃmənt/

sự đính kèm

habitable

habitat (n)

/ˈhæbɪtæt/

môi trường sống, nhà, chỗ ở

(adj)

habitation (n)

/ˌhæbɪˈteɪʃn/

sự oet, nhà ở, nơi cư trú

/ˈhæbɪtəbl/

habit (n)

/ˈhæbɪt/

thói quen, tập quán

/həˈbɪtʃuəl/

thường lệ, quen thuộc, thường

môi

trường
của inhabitant (n)

sống

động thực vật
attach (v)
/əˈtætʃ/
buộc, gài,
đính kèm

có

đủ

điều

kiện cho sự habitual (adj)
sống
universe (n)

dùng
universal (adj)

/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsl/

thuộc vũ trụ

/ˈjuːnɪvɜːrs/

universality (n)

vũ trụ

tính chất thuộc vũ trụ, tính
/ˌjuːnɪvɜːrˈsæləti/ chất thuộc thế giới, tính chất
thuộc vạn vật

universally (adv)

cho mọi người, mọi nơi, mọi

/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsli/

lúc; khắp; phổ biến
university (n)

/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/

đại học

harm (n)

/hɑːrm/

tổn hao, thiệt hại

/hɑːrm/

harmful (adj)

/hɑːrmfl/

gây hại, có hại

làm hại

harmless (adj)

/'ha:mləs/

vô hại, không gây hại

harmfulness (n)

/ˈhɑːrmflnəs/

sự có hại, tính gây thiệt hại

harmlessness (n)

/ˈhɑːrmləsnəs/

không gây hại

harm (v)

Task 1. Match the words with their explanations.
1. water body _____E

A. a series of living creatures in which each type of creature
feeds on the one below it in the series

2. flora _____B

B. all the plants that grow in a particular area or
environment

3. outer space _____F

C. a point at the northern or southern end of the Earth's axis

4. nature reserve

D. a special area of land where plants and animals are

_____ D

protected and preserved

5. fauna _____G

E. any area where water collects, like a lake, river, or ocean

6. Solar System _____H F. the part of space that is very far away from Earth
7. food chain _____A
1. 8. pole _____C

G. all the animals that live in a specific area or environment
H. the Sun and all the planets that orbit around it

water body

flora

pole

flora and fauna

outer space

nature reserve

fauna

food chain

food chain

reserves

appreciate

liquid water nature

Solar System
water bodies

habitats,

landforms

grassland

poles

1. Large areas of tall grasses that receive moderate rainfall are called grassland.
2. Earth's tilted axis creates dramatic differences in sunlight between the North and
South poles.
3. When we say an area has a rich flora and fauna, we mean it has a wide variety of
plant and animal life.
4. We should all take steps to reduce pollution so we can continue to appreciate the
beauty of our oceans.
5. Grass is eaten by zebras, which are then hunted by lions. This is a simple example
of a food chain.
6. Earth's water bodies, from vast oceans to tiny alpine lakes, form a network that
sustains life and regulates its climate.
7. The reflective properties of liquid water on Earth's surface are what give our
planet its beautiful blue marble appearance from space.
8. Protecting Earth's rainforests is important because they are unique habitats for
millions of plant and animal species.
9. Earth's diverse landforms, from towering mountains to sprawling deserts, were
sculpted by the relentless forces of wind, water, and plate tectonics over millions
of years.
10.Some nature reserves allow hiking, biking, and wildlife observation, while others
are strictly protected for scientific research.
11.Flowers are part of the flora that grows in gardens and forests.
12.The North pole is covered in ice and surrounded by the Arctic Ocean.
13.Plants are at the beginning of the food chain because they make their food from
sunlight.
14.The African savanna has a rich fauna, such as lions and zebras.
15.The brightness of stars in outer space can vary depending on their size and
distance.
16.During our visit to the nature reserve, we saw a family of raccoons near the trail.
17.The Solar System has eight planets including Earth.
18.The ocean is a vast water body covering most of the Earth's surface.
Task 4. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
1. Freshwater sources like lakes and rivers are all considered types of
________________.
A. water bodies
B. rainforests
C. oceans
D. landforms
2. ________________, which is the highest peak in Vietnam, is home to diverse plant
and animal life.
A. Mount Fansipan
B. Phong Nha Caves
C. Cat Tien National Park
D. Mekong Delta
3. Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil releases a large amount of ________________

into the atmosphere.
A. oxygen
B. sunlight
C. carbon dioxide
D. wind
4. Unlike mountains which have sharp peaks, ________________ have a flat, elevated
surface that can stretch for many miles.
A. canyons
B. caves
C. hills
D. plateaus
5. ________________ refers to a healthy relationship between living organisms and their
non-living environment in an ecosystem.
A. Climate change
B. Ecological balance
C. Habitat loss
D. Nature reserve
6. Earth's coldest places are found at the top and bottom of the planet. These extremely
cold areas are called the ________________.
A. tropical
B. polar
C. temperate
D. solar
7. Found in Africa and stretches for over 6,600 kilometers, the ________________ is the
world's longest river.
A. Amazon
B. Mississippi
C. Nile
D. Volga
8. One of the things that makes Earth special is the variety of life it supports. In the sky,
you might see flocks of ________________ flying together.
A. penguins
B. seals
C. polar bears
D. birds
9. We experience day and night because Earth spins on its axis and travels around the
_____________.
A. Mars
B. Earth
C. Venus
D. Sun
10. Astronauts feel ________________ in space because there is very little gravity
pulling them down.
A. landless
B. waterless
C. weightless
D. airless
11. __________ is happening and it affects almost everybody on Earth.
A. Solar systemB. Weather forecast C. Nature reserve
D. Climate change
12. Cuc Phuong National Park is the natural __________ for many rare species, both
plants and animals.
A. land
B. habitat
C. accommodation D. fauna
13. Some clearly seen examples of water __________ are lakes, streams, and rivers.
A. bodies
B. parts
C. existence
D. transport
14. A food __________ shows you the order in which living things depend on each other
for food.
A. provider
B. source
C. chain
D. sample
15. The word '__________' refers to all the plants living in a particular area.
A. fauna
B. flora
C. habitat
D.living
things
16. Do penguins live in the North or the South __________?
A. part
B. earth
C. body
D. pole
17. The __________ of all the endangered species is everybody's job.
A. protect
B. protector
C. protecting
D. protection
18. It is not easy to __________ ecological balance in an area.
A. support
B. maintain
C. pick up
D. survive

1. Most living things on Earth need (oxygen / carbon dioxide) to survive.
2. Protecting endangered species is important for maintaining a healthy (ecological
balance / Earth's ecology).
3. Large parts of Africa are covered in a vast (highland / grassland) where lions,
elephants, and giraffes roam freely.
4. Earth is the only planet in the (Solar System / outer space) that is known to support
life.
5. Most of Earth's surface is covered by (liquid water / water bodies), which is essential
for life as we know it.
6. The largest and deepest body of water on our planet is called the (Mediterranean Sea /
Pacific Ocean).
7. Scientists have recently discovered evidence of (earthquake / moonquake) on the
moon, which could help us understand the moon's internal structure.
8. The longest river in South America is the (Amazon / Nile), which is vital to the health
of its rainforest.
9. (Polar / Tropical) regions are the areas closest to the equator which experience a lot of
sunshine and rainfall.
GRAMMAR

Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non-defining relative clause) là mệnh đề quan hệ
được sử dụng để bổ sung, cung cấp thêm thông tin, ý nghĩa cho danh từ đã xác định
hoặc đại từ đứng trước nó.
Danh từ đã xác định là danh từ mà khi nhắc đến người nói và người nghe đều biết cụ
thể người đó hoặc vật đó là gì. Nó thường là tên riêng, hay bắt đầu bằng tính từ sở hữu
(my, his, her...), đại từ chỉ định (this, that, these, those...).
E.g.

Peter, Tom, this book, my son...)
Tom, who lives next door, is my best friend.
(Tom. người sống ở cạnh nhà, là bạn tốt của tôi.)

- Không nhất thiết phải có mệnh đề không xác định trong câu, không có nó thì câu vẫn đủ
nghĩa. Nó đứng sau danh từ xác định. Mệnh đề được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng
một hoặc hai dấu phẩy.
Trong ví dụ trên, nếu bỏ mệnh đề “who lives next door", thì ta vẫn hiểu “Tom là bạn tốt
của tôi."
E.g.

My grandfather, who is 65 years old now, goes to the gym every day.
(Ông tôi, người năm nay 65 tuổi, đI tập gym hằng ngày.)
John's mother, who lives in China, is an attractive woman.
(Mẹ của John, người hiện sống ớ Trung Quốc, là một người phụ nữ hấp dẫn.)
Minh, whom I gave the book to, is my younger brother.
(Minh, người mà tôi đưa cuốn sách cho, là em trai tôi.)

Task 1. Decide whether the clause in bold is Defining (D) or Non-defining (N). Write D or N next to
each sentence.
1. ___D__ The restaurant where we had dinner last night specialises in authentic Italian
cuisine.
2. __N___ Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX, aims to colonise Mars.
3. ___ N __ The Sahara Desert, which experiences extreme temperatures, is the largest
hot desert in the world.
4. __ N ___ I attended the photography workshop hosted by National Geographic, which
is known for its commitment to environmental conservation.
5. _D____ The car that he bought last month is a hybrid model known for its fuel
efficiency.
6. __ N ___ The team is excited about the upcoming presentation by Dr. Smith, who has
extensive experience in the field of AI.
7. __ N ___ The Statue of Liberty, which was a gift from France to the United States,
symbolizes freedom and democracy.
8. __D___ The movie that won the Academy Award for Best Picture was directed by a
newcomer to Hollywood.
9.____ N _______ I'd like to welcome three newcomers to our Science Club, which has
been in operation for five years.

10._____ N _____ Could you introduce me to Peter, who is the group head of the
Recycling Project?
11.___ N _______We are watching Planet Earth, which is a TV documentary series on
the wildlife found on Earth.
12.___________ Greenpeace Organization, whose aim is for a green and peaceful
future, is intern N ational.
13._____D______ Cattle feed on grass which is not easy to find in the hard weather of
winter.
14.______ N _____ I'm reading about Taylor Swift, whose songs I've listened to for a
long time.
15.___D________ Wild habitats provide us with a lot of plants which can be used as
medicine.
Task 2. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
1. Paris, ___________ is the capital of France, is known for its beautiful landmarks.
A. which
B. who
C. whose
D. where
2. My cousin, ___________ lives in Australia, is coming to visit us next month.
A. when
B. which
C. why
D. who
3. Mount Everest, ___________ is the tallest mountain in the world, is located in Nepal.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. when
4. My grandmother, ___________ is 80 years old, still enjoys cycling and swimming.
A. where
B. who
C. when
D. which
5. This artist, ___________ paintings are very expensive, lives in our neighbourhood.
A. whose
B. who
C. which
D. why
6. Marie Curie, ___________ research on radioactivity was groundbreaking, won two
Nobel Prizes.
A. when
B. that
C. whose
D. who
7. Neil Armstrong, ___________ was the first man to walk on the moon, made history in
1969.
A. who
B. which
C. where
D. why
8. The Conan movie, ___________ was released last month, has received mixed reviews.
A. when
B. whose
C. how
D. which
9. The Pacific Ocean, ___________ is the largest ocean on Earth, is home to a vast array
of marine life.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. that
10. Ms Lan, ___________ cakes are famous in town, is opening a new shop.
A. that
B. when
C. whose
D. where
11. Morning Routine Café, ___________ serves delicious pastries, is always busy in the
mornings.
A. whom
B. whose
C. who
D. which
12. John, ___________ leads visitors through the museum, is very knowledgeable about
art history.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. when

Task 3. Circle the correct word or phrase to complete the sentences.
1. Marie Curie, (whom / who) discovered radioactivity, was a brilliant scientist.
2. The giant sequoia, (which / that) can live for thousands of years, is the largest living
tree on Earth.
3. Jane Goodall, (whose / who) work with chimpanzees is famous, is a passionate
advocate for animal welfare.
4. The solar panels, (which / whom) we installed last year, have significantly reduced our
electricity bill.
5. The ozone layer, (which / whose) depletion is linked to climate change, protects Earth
from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
6. Oceanographers, (that / who) study the world's oceans, are crucial for understanding
marine life.
7. The very first man (who / that) walked on the moon, Neil Armstrong, became an
international symbol of exploration.
8. Charles Darwin, (who / whose) theory of evolution revolutionized biology, studied
finches in the Galapagos Islands.
9. Many species of whales, (who / which) communicate through complex songs, are
facing extinction.
10. We need more scientists (who / which) are passionate about finding solutions to
environmental problems.
Task 4. Choose the underlined part A, B, Cc or D that needs correcting.
1. Polar bears, that (A) live in the (B) Arctic, are endangered (C) due to (D) climate
change. -> which
2. Our (A) teacher, which (B) is from (C) Spain, speaks (D) five languages. -> who
3. My (A) friend Sarah, who (B) is a great cook, make (C) dinner for (D) us last night. ->
made
4. This island has (A) unique floral (B) and fauna that (C) you can't find (D) anywhere
else. -> flora

5. My grandmother, who (A) is 85 years (B) old, still loves to travelling (C) and explore
(D) new places. -> travell
6. Cars and (A) factories produce (B) gases that (C) contribute to global warm (D). ->
warming
7. Forests are being destroy (A) at an (B) alarming rate due to (C) logging (D) and
wildfires. -> destroyed
8. The Taj Mahal, whom (A) was built (B) by Emperor Shah Jahan in (C) memory of his
wife, is (D) a magnificent monument in India. -> which
9. The planet ( A) is struggling to meet our (B) increased demands (C) on nature (D)
resources. -> natural
10. Global warm (A) is the long-term(B) heating of Earth's(C) surface due to human (D)
activities. -> warming
11. Pollution (A) and deforestation have affect (B) the physical (C) environment in many
(D) ways. -> affected
12. Ecology balance(A) is a term(B) used to describe the balance(C) between living
things and their(D) environment.

-> Ecological balance

13. Humans (A) are expanding(B) their living space, which(C) causes habit (D) loss to
animals. -> habitat
14. Deforestation(A) activities are(B) destroying a local (C) fauna system (D). -> the
local
15. We are (A) doing a project of(B) the flora(C) of our neighbourhood. -> on
16. Asia is the (A) largest continent in(B) the world by (C) both land space (D) and
population. -> area
17. The London Eye (A) is one of the (B) landmarks around the world have(C) the most
beautiful panoramic views (D). -> with
18. The eight billions (A)people on Earth (B) now are demanding(C) more resources than
the Earth can provide (D).-> billion
19. The highest (A) mountain on Earth is Mount Everest in the Himalaya (B), who(C)
summit is 8,850 metres above sea level(D).

-> whose

20. Vehicle emissions, fuel oils (A), and natural gas heating homes (B), are doing

harm(C) to our beautiful planet (D Earth.

-> to heat homes

LISTENING
Task 1 - A. Listen to the lecture and take notes on a separate piece of paper. Then choose the correct
answer.
1. Crocodilia first appeared ___________ years ago.
A 80 million
B 84 million
C 87 million
D 90 million
2. According to the speaker, _____.
A. crocodilia and birds are close relatives
B. people and all animal species that are related to each other
C. birds are surviving members of crocodilia
D. crocodiles are an endangered species
3. Crocodiles are also ____, like fish.
A crocodilia
B archosaurs
C aquatic
D predators
4. Crocodilia are all _____ because they hunt and kill other animals.
A. aquatic
B. predators
C. oviparous
D. species
Animals

Task 1 - A
Crocodiles and alligators are both examples of reptiles—cold-blooded animals covered in scales and can
breathe air using their lungs, just like mammals. They both belong to the group of large reptiles known
as crocodilia which appeared 84 million years ago. You might not believe it, but crocodilia are the
closest living relatives, or family members, of birds! This is because birds and crocodilia are the only
surviving members of the archosaurs, a group of dinosaurs. There are 23 species of crocodilia and all of
them are oviparous, which is the scientific term for animals that lay eggs. All 23 species are aquatic,
meaning they live in water, and all are dangerous predators, hunting and killing their prey with great
speed and skill. But even predators that have been around for millions of years can be in danger of
extinction these days. Several species of crocodilia are on the list of endangered animals.

Task 2 - B. Listen to the lecture and take notes on a separate piece of paper. Then choose the correct
answer.
1. People who study birds are called _____.
A. aeries
B. rare
C. reproduction
D. ornithologists
2. Wingspan means _____.
A. the total area of both wings
B. the distance from tip to tip of a bird's wings when outstretched

C. the distance from the top to the bottom of a wing
D. the width of a wing
3. Adorn means _____.
A. to produce young
B. to be very rare
C. to build a nest
D. to decorate

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Task 2 - B
Ornithologists, or people who study birds, are very concerned about the fate of the Philippine Eagle.
This beautiful bird is one of the largest, most powerful and rarest, or least common, eagles in the world.
It is the national bird of the Philippines but sadly, it is an endangered species. The Philippine Eagle is a
very attractive bird, its head adorned or decorated with long brown feathers that give it the appearance
of a lion's mane. The male birds are slightly smaller than the females, which have a wingspan – the
distance from wingtip to wingtip – of around 2 meters! Like most eagles, the Philippine Eagle is
monogamous, meaning that a couple of birds will mate for life. Philippine eagles' nests, or aeries, as
eagles' nests are known, are built in rainforest trees about 30 meters above the ground and only one egg
is laid every two years. This slow rate of reproduction – producing young – is one of the reasons they
are endangered.

SPEAKING
Task 1. Choose the correct answer to complete each dialogue.
1. Mr. Alverez: “Did you see the documentary about whales yesterday evening?”
- Mr. Luan: “__________________”
A. Oh, I absolutely love animals! Especially dogs.
B. No, I was busy preparing the lecture. How was it?
C. Actually, I wasn't paying attention at all. What did we miss?
D. No, I don't adore documentary about whales, but I like the zoo.
2. Mr. Vincent: “I'm worried about the increasing pollution in our oceans.”
- Ms. Ruth: “__________________”
A. That reminds me, did you take out the trash?
B. Let's open up the seas for unrestricted harvesting.
C. Agreed. We should definitely protect our marine life.

D. We should prioritize economic gain over environmental concerns.
3.

Mr.

Alverez:

“Wow,

this

sunflower

is

enormous!”

-

Mr.

James:

“__________________”
A. Sunflowers are a great source of energy.
B. No, I don't. I really care for sunflowers.
C. Yes, I do. I much prefer lilies over sunflowers.
D. Those droopy sunflowers are so last season.
4. Lucas: “I'm so excited about our camping trip this weekend!” - Brian:
“__________________”
A. Can't we just stay home this weekend?
B. Oh no, I forgot to buy groceries again!
C. Disagreed. I should postpone the camping trip.
D. Me too! Camping is a great way to connect with nature.

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5. Ms. Ella: “I'm so hot! I wish it would rain soon.” - Mr. Fritz: “__________________”
A. What a refreshing breeze!
B. The plants definitely need a drink.
C. Yes, this room is freezing!
D. The rain keeps pouring down.
6. Mr. June: “Have you seen the news about the oil spill? It's terrible!”
- Mr. Harris: “__________________”
A. Yes, I love spending time at the beach.
B. Maybe we should buy a new car this weekend.
C. There are plenty of natural resources to go around forever.
D. Yes, I have. We need to find more sustainable resources
7. Phong: How would you feel about participating in environmental protection?
- Tom: _________
A. How about it?
B. I have some ideas.
C. No problem.
D. I don't feel like doing it.
8. Mai: Why don't you watch Our Beautiful Planet? It's amazing. - Sue: _________
A. Great. I appreciate it.
B. I'll do it tonight.
C. Our planet is amazing.
D. That's why I like it.

9. Bill: Do you mind telling me some interesting facts about the Pacific? - Nam:
_________
A. Sorry I don't know any.
B. The Pacific's very interesting.
C. Never mind.
D. I have never seen the Pacific.
10. Cathy: It would be great if you could help make the slides for our presentation.
- Lan: _________
A. Yes, the slides are ready.
B. The presentation would be great.
C. Alright. I'll contribute.
D. There's a presentation about us.
11. Lyn: What is another name for Planet Earth? - Hoa: _________
A. I know it already.
B. It's called the Blue Planet.
C. I'll search about the Earth.
D. It's the third planet from the Sun.
Task 2. Complete the dialogue with the sentences from the box.

A. Right in the center is the sun.
B. Our planet Earth is just a tiny dust in this vast solar system.
C. It's the red planet.
D. Then comes Venus, which is also super-hot and covered in thick clouds.
E. Eight planets! F. That's Jupiter, the biggest planet in our solar system.
G. It makes me feel even smaller, but in a cool way.
H. It's famous for its beautiful rings made of ice and rock particles.
I. Maybe someday we can travel to other planets and explore them.
J. It's the only one known to support life as we know it, with liquid water,
breathable air, and perfect temperatures.
Lila:

Isn't it amazing how big the universe is? All these stars... there must be so many

planets out there!
Ethan: You're right, Lila. It's mind-boggling! (1) ____B_____________
Lila: Speaking of our solar system, tell me again about the planets. I remember there's a
giant one and one with rings.
Ethan: Sure! (2) _______A__________ It's a giant ball of hot gas that provides light and
heat to all the planets orbiting around it, just like a giant lightbulb!
Lila:

So, Earth needs the sun to survive?

Ethan: Exactly! Now, the closest planet to the sun is scorching hot - it's called Mercury.

(3) ______D_____
Lila:

Wow, that sounds intense! What's next?

Ethan: That's our home, Earth! The third planet from the sun. (4) _______J___________
Lila:

That's incredible! We should take good care of it then.

Ethan: Absolutely! Beyond Earth comes Mars. (5) _______C___________ It's much
colder and drier than Earth, but scientists are still looking for signs of past or even
present life there.
Lila:

Wow, that would be a game-changer! What about the giant planet you mentioned?

Ethan: Ah, yes! (6) ______F___________ It's a gas giant, kind of like a giant ball of
swirling gas with a really strong gravitational pull.
Lila:

Gravitational pull? What's that?

Ethan: Imagine it like an invisible force that keeps everything in orbit around the sun.
The bigger the planet, the stronger its pull.
Lila:

Cool! And what about the one with rings?

Ethan: That's Saturn, the second-largest planet. (7) _____H_____________ It also has
many moons, some even bigger than Pluto, which used to be considered a planet
but is now classified as a dwarf planet.
Lila:

Dwarf planet? So, how many planets are there then?

Ethan: There are eight official planets in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Uranus and Neptune are far out, very cold,
and made mostly of gas and ice.
Lila: (8) ____E______________ That's still a lot! Do you think there are other solar
systems with planets like ours out there?
Ethan: That's a great question, Lila. Scientists believe there's a very high possibility!
With so many stars in the universe, it's almost impossible for Earth to be the only
planet with life.
Lila:

That would be amazing! (9) ____I______________

Ethan: Who knows, Lila? Maybe one day space travel will be advanced enough for us to
do just that! But for now, let's just appreciate the beautiful night sky and our
amazing planet Earth.

Lila:

You're

right,

Ethan.

Thanks

for

explaining

everything!

(10)

_____G_____________
Ethan: Exactly! We may be small, but we're part of something much bigger and more
awesome than we can even imagine.
READING
Task 1. Read the passage and choose the best options.
There are many different types of habitats in the world, an...