RELATIVE CLAUSES

WHO : dùng thế cho chủ ngữ - người WHOM : dùng thế cho tân ngữ - ngừoi WHICH : dùng thế cho chủ ngữ lẫn tân ngữ - vật THAT : dùng thế cho tất cả các chữ trên
WHEN : dùng thế cho thời gian WHERE : dùng thế cho nơi chốn WHOSE : dùng thế cho sở hữu ,người / vật WHY : dùng thế cho lý do ( reason /cause )
NHỮNG LƯU Ý
1.Dùng dấu phẩy: khi danh từ đứng trước who, which, whom... là : + Danh từ riêng ,tên: Ha Noi, Mary.. + Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ. + Có sở hữu đứng trước danh từ : his, her, my, ... + Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết : Sun, moon , earth... 2.Có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO, WHICH, WHOM...: Khi nó làm tân ngữ và phía trước nó không có dấu phẩy, không có giới từ (whose không được bỏ) Eg:This is the book which I buy. → This is the book I buy. 3. KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT : Khi phía trước nó có dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ : This is my book , that I bought 2 years ago. (sai) This is the house in that I live .(sai) 4. Bắt buộc dùng THAT: khi danh từ mà nó thay thế gồm 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật Eg: The men and the horses that ....
5. Nên dùng THAT - Khi đầu câu là IT trong dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences)
Eg: It is My father that made the table. - Khi đứng trước đó là : all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, someone, something, so sánh nhất  Eg: There is something that must be done  This the most beautiful girl that I`ve ever met.

B. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
- Dùng Present participles (V-ing) để thay thế MĐLH mang nghĩa chủ động (active):
Relative pronoun + active V → V-ing
Eg: The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan’s sister.
→ The girl playing with the dog is Lan’s sister.
- Dùng Pass participles (V3/ED) để thay thế cho MĐLH mang nghĩa bị động (passive):
Relative pronoun+be+V3/ED → V3/ED
Eg: The students who was punished by the teacher are lazy. → The students punished by the teacher are lazy.
- Dùng to- infinitive để thay thế cho một MĐLH mà trước nó là các số chỉ thứ tự (the first, second…), sau next, last, only và sau các tính từ so sánh hơn, nhất.
The first/ second…+N+ RP+V
→ The first/ second…+N+ to V/ to be V
C. EXRCISES
Ex 1: Rewrite the sentences using relatives clauses. 1.He was sitting on a chair. It was uncomfortable.(………………………………………………………….
2.The pub is opposite the Town Hall. I first met my wife there.(………………………………………………………….
3.Do you know that lady? I repaired her car.(…………………………………………………………
5.A man stole £10,000 from a bank. The police have caught him.(………………………………………………………….
6.Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.(………………………………………………………….
7.This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory.(………………………………………………………….
8.A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut by flying glass. (………………………………………………………….
9.There’s the lady. Her dog was killed.(…………………………………………………………
10.He’s the person. His car was stolen.(………………………………………………………….
11.The river is the Sai Gon River. It flows through Ho Chi Minh City.(………………………………………………………….
12.Mr Phong hasn’t come yet. He is supposed to be at the meeting.(………………………………………………………….
13.Our solar system is in a galaxy. The galaxy is called the Milky Way.(………………………………………………………….
14.I come from a city. This city is located in the southern part of the country.(………………………………………………………….
15.I’ve recently gone back to the town. I was born in the town.(………………………………………………………….
16.Do you know the name of the hotel ? John is staying at the hotel.(………………………………………………………….
17.We enjoy this city. It has been renewed a lot after the war.(………………………………………………………….
18.The movie was interesting. We went to it.(………………………………………………………….
19.I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone. (………………………………………………………….
20.I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night.(………………………………………………………….
21.The music was gentle. We listened to it last night.(………………………………………………………….
22.Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them.(………………………………………………………….
23.The man is over there. I told you about him.(………………………………………………………….
24.The film is fantastic. They are talking