A Fillings
Library is a collection of books and other informational materials made available to people for reading, study, or reference. The word library comes (1)______ liber, the Latin word for “book”. (2)______ , library collections have almost always contained a variety of materials. Contemporary libraries maintain collections that include not only printed materials such as manuscripts, books, newspapers, and magazines, (3)______ audio-visual and online databases. In addition (4)______ maintaining collections within library buildings, modern libraries often feature telecommunications links that provide users with access to information at remote sites.
The central mission of a library (5)______ to collect, organize, preserve, and provide access to knowledge and information. In fulfilling this mission, libraries preserve a valuable record of culture that can be passed down to (6)________ generations. Libraries are an essential link in this communication between the past, present, and future. Whether the cultural record is contained in books or in electronic formats, libraries ensure (7)_____ the record is preserved and made available for later use.
People use library resources to gain information about personal (8)______ or to obtain recreational materials such as films and novels. Students use libraries to supplement and enhance their classroom experiences, to learn (9)______ in locating sources of information, and to develop good reading and study habits. Public officials use libraries to research legislation and public policy issues. One of the most valued of all cultural institutions, the library (10)______ information and services that are essential to learning and progress.
1.A. from B. in C. to D. out
2.A. Despite B. However C. Therefore D. Instead
3.A. only if B. as well C. or else D. but also
4.A. on B. to C. in D. from
5.A. are B. is C. have D. has
6.A. succeeding B. succeed C. successful D. success
7.A. what B. which C. who D. that
8.A. profits B. attractions C. interests D. appeals
9.A. abilities B. skills C. talents D. capacities
10.A. relates B. applies C. supplies D. digests
B Reading
A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge freshwater lake, one of the world`s largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four kilometers of ice. Now known as Lake Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that comprises Antarctica. The lake is able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath this block of ice because its waters are warmed by geothermal heat from the earth`s core. The thick glacier above Lake Vostok actually insulates it from the frigid temperatures on the surface.
The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was conducting an aerial survey of the area. Radio waves from the survey equipment penetrated the ice and revealed a body of water of indeterminate size. It was not until much more recently that data collected by satellite made scientists aware of the tremendous size of the lake; the satellite-borne radar detected an extremely flat region where the ice remains level because it is floating on the water of the lake.
The discovery of such a huge freshwater lake trapped under Antarctica is of interest to the scientific community because of the potential that the lake contains ancient microbes that have survived for thousands upon thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as nuclear fallout and elevated ultraviolet light that have affected organisms in more exposed areas. The downside of the discovery, however, lies in the difficulty of conducting research on the lake in such a harsh climate and in the problems associated with obtaining uncontaminated samples from the lake without actually exposing the lake to contamination. Scientists are looking for possible ways to accomplish this.
11.The word "hidden" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A.undrinkable B. undiscovered C.unexploitable D.untouched
12. What is true of Lake Vostok?
A.It is beneath a thick slab of ice. B.It is completely frozen.
C.It is heated by the sun. D.It is a saltwater lake.
13. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "frigid" in paragraph 1?
A.Extremely cold B. Lukewarm C. Quite harsh D.Easily broken
14.All of the following are true about the 1970 survey of Antarctica EXCEPT
that it ______.
A.was controlled by a satellite