BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
ĐỀ THI CHÍNH THỨC
(Đề thi có 04 trang)

KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG NĂM 2025
Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 50 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
Mã đề: 1128

Họ, tên thí sinh: .............................................................
Số báo danh: .................................................................
The process of sorting through the various holidays on offer and determining which is the best for you is
inevitably complex and individual personality traits will determine the eventual decision. Some people
undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a series of
products, (1) ________. Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (2) ________ for
the sake of their convenience rather than trying to guarantee that they buy the best possible product. This
is known as limited problem solving.
Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour, in which choices change relatively little over
time. (3) ________, some holidaymakers who have been content with a particular company or destination
in the past may opt for the same experience again.
Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (4) ________. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour that is
becoming increasingly prevalent – to the dismay of the operators, who then have less scope for forward
planning and reduced opportunities to gain from investing deposits in the short term. (5) ________ where
'distressed stock' needs to be cleared at short notice and this can be stimulated by late availability offers
particularly.
Question 1.
A. those with similarities to other products will be evaluated and compared
B. every one of them undergoes evaluations and comparisons with similar products
C. each of which is evaluated and compared with similar products
D. when it is similarly evaluated and compared with similar products
Question 2.
A. be deliberate to confine themselves to a small number of choices
B. will deliberately confine themselves to these few choices
C. fewer choices are deliberately confined to themselves
D. being deliberately confined themselves to these few choices
Question 3.
A. Common brands, by contrast, are a pattern among loyal consumers
B. This is a common pattern among brand-loyal consumers, for example
C. By contrast, a consumer-loyal pattern is seen among common brands
D. This is a common example of brands with loyalty to a consumer pattern
Question 4.
A. While this is more typical of products costing little, it is by no means unknown among holiday
purchasers
B. The products cost little, which means they are better known and more favoured by typical
holiday purchasers
C. In the meantime, holidays costing little are known to be products typically favoured by many
purchasers
D. It doesn't matter whether products are unknown, it is typical of purchasers to have holidays
costing little
Question 5.
A. Though such trait of impulse purchasing proves it to be valuable
B. Such impulse purchasing proves to be a valuable trait, though
C. So valuable is such purchasing trait that it proves to be impulsive
D. Such trait is so impulsive that it proves to be valuable to purchasers
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 13.

When several farmers merge plots into a single “project farm,” they use digital tools to make that
teamwork far more effective. GPS mapping, drones, and in-field sensors build a live, shared
picture of soil types, weather shifts, and plant growth. Because everyone works on the same data,
the team can set seeding dates, determine when to spray, and track machinery in real time. What
once depended on guesswork is now driven by verifiable information.
With GPS technology, farmers can accurately map out their fields down to centimeters. Seeding
machines change their rate on the fly, drones spray crops on targeted zones, and customized
planting plans only water where data shows a need. Because inputs go exactly where they
help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls . Trials report consistent savings on seed,
fuel, and sprays — benefits the partners split at the season's end.
Water management is just as precise. Specialised equipment tracks moisture every hour and
forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves. Automated pumps deliver just the right amounts to
thirsty zones and stop when a storm is coming, slashing waste and energy bills. The result is
steadier yields across all fields, even in dry years, and a much lower water footprint for the
partnership. Smart irrigation also helps limit weed growth, reducing herbicide use.
The journey from field to market is equally digital. Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage
temperatures, and shipment times the moment they change, while planting records freeze each
act so customers can rely on it. Analytics tools browse the records to locate weak points in the
procedures and even suggest better planting plans for the next season to project partners. This
makes project farms both profitable and sustainable.
(Adapted from https://www.consumeresearch.com)
Question 6. The word settle in paragraph 1 mostly means
A. decide
B. exchange
C. expect
D. announce
Question 7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as information displayed on
a live, shared picture?
A. Weather shifts B. Soil types
C. Drones
D. Plant growth
Question 8. The word their in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. fields
B. farms
C. planting plans
D. seeding machines
Question 9. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
A. As resources are directed to the areas that need them, harvests increase and pollution from
excess chemicals declines.
B. When chemicals are placed only where they are needed, productivity increases yet more
overdue chemicals are released.
C. Precise application of fertilisers and sprays to the required areas raises crop output but in turn
increases chemical wastage.
D. There is an increase in chemical wastage and crop output though fewer resources are used for
the indicated land area.
Question 10. The word slashing in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to
A. disposing
B. increasing
C. converting
D. reducing
Question 11. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 4?
A. Analytic tools offer suggestions for better planting plans for the following season.
B. Buyers have little reliable information on harvest weights and storage temperatures.
C. Farmers regard cloud platforms the best tools to improve the quality of their crops.
D. Project farmers are unable to forecast prices of crops in the following season.
Question 12. Which paragraph mentions approaches to different weather patterns?
  A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 4
Question 13. Which paragraph mentions real-time tracking of produce?
A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 4
Read the following piece of news and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 14 to 19.
Da Nang International Fireworks Festival (DIFF) 2025
With ten teams worldwide, DIFF 2025 features the largest (14) ________ of participating teams in
its history, and is predicted to be the most thrilling (15) ________ so far.

Z121 Vina Pyrotechnic, a company (16) ________ by Vietnam Ministry of National Defence, is a
newcomer.
With thirty years of experience in fireworks, Z121 Vina Pyrotechnic is expected to deliver a
breathtaking performance.
From May 31st to July 12th, DIFF 2025 promises a series of spectacular fireworks displays, (18)
________ is hoped to bring spectators a world-class entertainment experience.
Over the past twelve years, the Da Nang International Fireworks Festival has helped the city (19)
________ the reputation as “The City of Fireworks” and become an attractive tourist destination.
Question 14.
A. number
B. volume
C. amount
D. level
Question 15.
A. compete
B. competitively
C. competitive
D. competition
Question 16.
A. managing
B. is managing
C. has managed
D. managed
Question 17.
A. high
B. top
C. smart
D. quick
Question 18.
A. who
B. why
C. which
D. what
Question 19.
A. come up
B. build up
C. look up
D. go up
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 20 to 25.
How to Manage Your Money Wisely?
Managing your finances properly is essential for a stable and secure life.
(20) ________ many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans
sooner or later, eventually leading (21) ________ overspending and serious financial stress. Here
are some tips to well manage your pocket:
● Invest some of your money if possible.
● Have a bank account with an increasing amount of savings (22) ________ month by setting
realistic financial goals.
● Buy (23) ________ within your price range.
● Track your spending carefully to avoid (24) ________ expenditure on unnecessary purchases.
● Prioritise things that bring you lasting happiness and financial security to get your money's (25)
________.
(Adapted from https://www.thebalancemoney.com)
Question 20.
A. However
B. While
C. Though
D. Otherwise
Question 21.
A. in
B. to
C. on
D. at
Question 22.
A. much
B. many
C. each
D. some
Question 23.
A. products quality affordable
B. affordable quality products
C. affordable products quality
D. products affordable quality
Question 24.
A. restrictive
B. objective
C. excessive
D. possessive
Question 25.
A. worth
B. price
C. rate
D. cost
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
best answer to each of the following questions from 26 to 35.
We seem to be entering a boom era for greenwashing – the tactic of covering routine pollution in
eco-friendly language. [I] Picture running a high-emitting corporation: meaningful decarbonisation
would demand painful negotiations, huge capital outlays, and a full redesign of the business

model. Hiring an expert agency to splash “carbon-neutral” or “net-zero” across products is far
easier, buying time while emissions remain untouched.
Consumers meet this sleight of hand everywhere. Airlines sell “carbon-neutral” flights, filling
stations boast about “net-zero” fuel, and breakfast bacon is re-labelled as planet-safe. Advertising
spin is old, yet today it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage. Social media
influencers and glossy sustainability reports amplify these claims, broadcasting the narrative far
beyond traditional marketing channels.
The term greenwashing emerged in the 1980s, an era of oil spills and growing climate science,
but the practice has exploded only recently. [II] Intensifying public anxiety over global heating
and ecosystem collapse has placed companies under sharp scrutiny; many boards therefore
choose eye-catching PR over the tougher route of restructuring supply chains, energy sources,
and product lines. Regulators on both sides of the Atlantic are struggling to police false ecoclaims, yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity. Investors, eager to protect short-term
returns, frequently applaud these surface-level initiatives, reinforcing the cycle. [III] No sector
illustrates the issue better than oil and gas. Having realised that denying climate science now
backfires, the industry has swapped denial for “green” paint. Press releases trumpet potential
renewable ventures while drilling plans expand unabated.
Why does this matter? Greenwashing and climate denial share a core objective: to postpone the
deep emission cuts claimed by scientists as urgent this decade. [IV] Whereas denial disputes the
crisis, greenwashing misleads the public into believing problems are solved, thereby eroding
consumer advocacy of genuine environmental actions and stalling regulatory reforms. In effect, it
acts as a soothing lullaby, guiding society ever closer to ecological breakdown while fostering a
false sense of progress. Exposing the facade – and insisting on verifiable, measurable
carbon reductions – is essential if rhetoric is to give way to real action.
(Adapted from https://www.greenpeace.org.uk)
Question 26. According to paragraph 1, having products claimed as eco-friendly rather than
conducting meaningful decarbonisation will
A. lead to delays without solving the current emission problem
B. involve spending a huge amount of money paying the agency
C. bring about a full redesign of the business model of a company
D. cause physical injuries to those involved in the negotiation
Question 27. The word manipulated in paragraph 2 mostly means
A. randomly deployed
B. purposely adjusted
C. hastily produced
D. legally regulated
Question 28. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?
A. Social media influencers and impressive reports have a role to play in the dissemination of
deceptive environmental claims.
B. Sustainability buzzwords now fill every sector, with their reach being amplified by influencers
and polished reports.
C. The stories about greenwashing reach a much wider audience due to the joint effort of social
media and traditional marketing channels.
D. Commercials for everyday products and services, ranging from holiday bookings to petrol
pumps and bacon packs, are prevalent on unconventional marketing channels.
Question 29. What causes corporate boards to adopt greenwashing?
A. Public belief that carbon reductions are unnecessary
B. Public pressure on corporations to opt for PR campaigns
C. Growing public interest in the development of climate science
D. Increasing public concern about environmental issues
Question 30. What challenge do regulators face in monitoring greenwashing claims?
A. Insufficient public support
B. Conflicting laws on both sides of the Atlantic
C. A lack of clear terminology
D. Enforcement that falls behind corporate creativity
Question 31. The phrase the practice in paragraph 3 refers to
A. global heating
B. scrutiny
C. greenwashing
D. climate science

Question 32. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. To make way for meaningful activities in real life, it is vital to expose the public to proper and
specific measures to reduce emissions.
B. Greenwashing is, in fact, a fallacy and therefore should be replaced by feasible actions which
are encouraged through public movements.
C. The real solution to the issue of carbon is to verify and measure carbon reductions rather than
just raise public awareness through campaigns.
D. For empty slogans to be realised into moves, revelations about greenwashing and practical
measures to reduce carbon are required.
Question 33. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Investors who value long-term environmental impact put pressure on companies to implement
substantial structural reforms.
B. The shift from denying climate science to applying “green” paint reflects high-emitting
industries' genuine commitment to renewables.
C. Greenwashing brings corporations benefits in terms of finance and reputation without having to
reform their core operations.
D. Regulators are effectively utilising the tools and resources to verify most environmental claims,
tackling the widespread of eco-labels.
Question 34. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?
Yet greenwashing is arguably more insidious.
A. [II]
B. [IV]
C. [III]
D. [I]
Question 35. Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Instead of investing in meaningful decarbonisation, major emitters have a tendency to opt for
denying the claim of “carbon-neutral” or “net-zero” on their product lines.
B. Once a prevalent strategy of corporations in response to public scrutiny, climate denial is
losing its effectiveness and has to be replaced by greenwashing.
C. High-emitting sectors follow the trend of greenwashing, boasting about promising renewable
ventures in press releases while quietly going on damaging the environment.
D. Greenwashing is surging as firms cover ongoing pollution in eco-friendly rhetoric, distracting
the public and postponing the deep emission cuts scientists deem urgent.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of
utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the
following questions from 36 to 40.
Question 36.
a. Tom: Then, text me when you're home.
b. Tom: It's getting late. Would you like me to give you a lift home?
c. Mary: Thanks, but I'm going to walk to the supermarket and then take a bus home.
A. a – b – c
B. b – c – a
C. a – c – b
D. b – a – c
Question 37.
a. Lisa: I used to, but now I use social media and news apps.
b. Dalia: Same here! It's more convenient, but I think traditional newspapers have their own
charm.
c. Lisa: I believe each type has its own value that we can make full use of.
d. Dalia: I read the news online too.
e. Lisa: They fill us in with not only national but also global issues.
A. d – a – c – e – b
B. c – a – b – e – d
C. c – e – d – a – b
D. d – e – b – a – c
Question 38. Dear Ms Smith,
a. This has been pre-approved, but you need to have this letter and your identification card
produced at the nearest branch to apply.
b. The offer is exclusive and expires on December 31st.
c. Your application will be processed, and your card will be issued within 48 hours of immediate
use.

d. It is our honour to offer you our credit facilities $6000, affordable with the monthly installment of
$99.
e. Should you require further details, please call 0123888888, or visit any of our branches.
Yours sincerely,
ABC Bank
A. d – a – c – b – e
B. a – c – d – b – e
C. b – d – a – c – e
D. c – a – d – b – e
Question 39.
a. The developments demonstrate a clear modernisation of the economy of Paragon,
transforming it from a primarily residential locality into a more diverse and economically vibrant
area.
b. This shift was further evidenced by the industrialisation of the surrounding agricultural land,
with the appearance of some plants and factories.
c. Residential areas were noticeably transformed, with the replacement of established terraced
housing with new dwellings and the relocation of the original park.
d. Simultaneously, a significant expansion of commercial infrastructure took place, most
prominently with the construction of a large supermarket and an accompanying car park where
housing once stood.
e. Between 2000 and 2015, the outskirts of Paragon city underwent a dramatic reshaping,
indicating a move towards urban regeneration and increased commercial activity.
A. e – c – d – b – a
B. e – c – a – b – d
C. e – d – b – a – c
D. e – b – a – c – d
Question 40.
a. I had to burn the midnight oil to make engaging lesson plans, expecting to capture my
students' attention.
b. The reality, however, was not what I had expected when I completely failed to keep the class
under control despite shouting loudly.
c. This valuable experience was indeed memorable and made me more confident in my career of
choice.
d. Working as an intern at a local high school encouraged me to pursue a teaching career, a
demanding yet rewarding one.
e. Instead of giving up, I reflected on what I had done and made improvements in the following
lessons.
A. d – b – e – c – a
B. d – a – b – e – c
C. c – b – e – a – d
D. c – a – e – d – b
ĐÁP ÁN

Câu 1
Đoạn gốc:
“Some people undertake a process of extensive problem solving, in which information is sought about a
series of products, (1) ________.”
Đáp án đúng: A. those with similarities to other products will be evaluated and compared
Giải thích:
 Chủ ngữ là "a series of products" → đại từ thay thế phù hợp là "those".
 Dùng "will be evaluated and compared" để diễn tả hành động bị động (các sản phẩm được so
sánh).
 Cấu trúc hợp ngữ pháp và rõ nghĩa: những sản phẩm tương tự với sản phẩm khác sẽ được so sánh
và đánh giá.
Sai vì:
 B. "every one of them..." → dùng "every one" không tự nhiên bằng "those", lại dài dòng.
 C. "each of which..." → cấu trúc này quá trang trọng và lệch phong cách so với văn phong chung.
 D. "when it is..." → sai đại từ số ít ("it") trong khi "products" là số nhiều.
Câu 2

Đoạn gốc:
“Other consumers with no patience to explore a variety of choices (2) ________ for the sake of their
convenience…”
Đáp án đúng: B. will deliberately confine themselves to these few choices
Giải thích:
 Chủ ngữ là "Other consumers" → số nhiều.
 Động từ "will deliberately confine themselves" mang nghĩa "tự giới hạn bản thân một cách có chủ
đích".
 "These few choices" kết nối tự nhiên với phần sau về sự thuận tiện.
Sai vì:
 A. "be deliberate to confine..." → không đúng cấu trúc động từ chính sau chủ ngữ.
 C. "fewer choices are deliberately confined..." → sai ngữ pháp và thay đổi nghĩa câu.
 D. "being deliberately confined..." → sai cấu trúc, không có chủ ngữ rõ ràng.
Câu 3
Đoạn gốc:
“Many consumers engage in routinised response behaviour... (3) ________, some holidaymakers who have
been content…”
Đáp án đúng: B. This is a common pattern among brand-loyal consumers, for example
Giải thích:
 "This" chỉ hành vi lặp lại hành vi mua cũ.
 Cụm "a common pattern among brand-loyal consumers" rất tự nhiên.
 "For example" gắn kết câu sau như một ví dụ minh họa.
Sai vì:
 A. "Common brands, by contrast..." → sai về chủ ngữ, không ăn nhập.
 C. "a consumer-loyal pattern..." → cấu trúc sai, đảo từ không đúng.
 D. "...brands with loyalty to a consumer pattern" → rối rắm, không rõ nghĩa.
Câu 4
Đoạn gốc:
“Finally, some consumers will buy on impulse. (4) ________. It is, in fact, a pattern of behaviour…”
Đáp án đúng: A. While this is more typical of products costing little, it is by no means unknown among
holiday purchasers
Giải thích:
 Câu này làm rõ rằng mua hàng theo cảm hứng thường xảy ra với đồ rẻ tiền, nhưng không có nghĩa
là không xảy ra với người mua kỳ nghỉ.
 Cụm “by no means unknown” mang nghĩa “không phải là hiếm gặp” – rất hợp với lập luận sau.
Sai vì:
 B. "...better known and more favoured..." → không nói lên được ý đối lập.
 C. "...are known to be products..." → không rõ quan hệ với hành vi mua ngẫu hứng.
 D. "...it is typical of purchasers..." → lệch nghĩa hoàn toàn.
Câu 5
Đoạn gốc:
“…less scope for forward planning… (5) ________ where 'distressed stock' needs to be cleared…”
Đáp án đúng: B. Such impulse purchasing proves to be a valuable trait, though
Giải thích:
 Câu chuyển từ ý tiêu cực sang tích cực, dùng "though" để nhấn mạnh sự bất ngờ: mua theo cảm
hứng đôi khi lại có lợi, đặc biệt khi cần xả hàng.
 "Proves to be a valuable trait" là cấu trúc chuẩn để nói về lợi ích tiềm ẩn.
Sai vì:
 A. "Though such trait..." → viết lủng củng, sai mệnh đề chính - phụ.
 C. "So valuable is such..." → quá trang trọng, lệch văn phong.

D. "So impulsive that it proves to be valuable..." → sai logic: không phải cứ "quá bốc đồng" là sẽ có
ích.
Câu 6. The word “settle” in paragraph 1 mostly means:
A. decide ✅
Giải thích:
Từ “settle” trong ngữ cảnh:
“…the team can set seeding dates, determine when to spray…”
Nghĩa là quyết định, thiết lập ngày gieo trồng → decide là nghĩa phù hợp.


Câu 7. Which is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as info displayed on shared picture?
Đáp án: C. Drones ✅
Giải thích:
Đoạn 1 đề cập:
 soil types ✅
 weather shifts ✅
 plant growth ✅
 drones được đề cập là công cụ, không phải là nội dung hiển thị trong hình ảnh chia sẻ.
Câu 8. The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to:
Đáp án: D. seeding machines ✅
Giải thích:
Câu:
“Seeding machines change their rate on the fly…”
→ their = seeding machines' rate (tốc độ của máy gieo hạt)
Câu 9. *Best paraphrase of underlined sentence:
“Because inputs go exactly where they help, fields yield more while chemical runoff falls.”*
Đáp án: A.
As resources are directed to the areas that need them, harvests increase and pollution from excess
chemicals declines. ✅
Giải thích:
 “inputs go exactly where they help” → resources are directed
 “yield more” → harvests increase
 “chemical runoff falls” → pollution from excess chemicals declines
Câu 10. The word “slashing” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to:
Đáp án: B. increasing ✅
Giải thích:
 “Slashing” = cutting down greatly
→ Từ trái nghĩa là increasing (tăng lên)
Câu 11. Which is TRUE according to paragraph 4?
Đáp án: A.
Analytic tools offer suggestions for better planting plans for the following season. ✅
Giải thích:
Câu gốc:
“Analytics tools... suggest better planting plans for the next season…”
Các lựa chọn khác:
 B: Sai – cloud platforms record dữ liệu rất chính xác
 C: Sai – không có câu nào nói cloud là công cụ tốt nhất
 D: Sai – không đề cập việc dự báo giá mùa sau

Câu 12. Which paragraph mentions approaches to different weather patterns?
Đáp án: B. Paragraph 3 ✅
Giải thích:
Câu trong đoạn 3:
“forecast apps predict rain, wind, or heatwaves...”
→ Đây là các biện pháp xử lý điều kiện thời tiết khác nhau
Câu 13. Which paragraph mentions real-time tracking of produce?
Đáp án: D. Paragraph 4 ✅
Giải thích:
Câu:
“Cloud platforms record harvest weights, storage temperatures, and shipment times the moment they
change...”
→ Tức là theo dõi theo thời gian thực
ĐIỀN TỪ (14 – 19)
Câu 14.
DIFF 2025 features the largest (____) of participating teams...
Đáp án: A. number ✅
Giải thích:
 "Teams" là danh từ đếm được → dùng "number"
 "amount" dùng cho danh từ không đếm được
 "volume/level" không phù hợp ngữ cảnh
Câu 15.
... is predicted to be the most thrilling (____) so far.
Đáp án: D. competition ✅
Giải thích:
 "The most thrilling ___" → cần danh từ → “competition” là phù hợp
 A. compete (v) ❌
 B. competitively (adv) ❌
 C. competitive (adj) ❌
Câu 16.
Z121 Vina Pyrotechnic, a company (____) by the Ministry...
Đáp án: D. managed ✅
Giải thích:
 “a company managed by...” → rút gọn mệnh đề bị động
 Các đáp án khác sai cấu trúc
Câu 17.
(Thiếu câu hỏi nhưng có chỗ trống giữa 16 và 18, ta bỏ qua vì không có phương án rõ ràng trong đề.)
Câu 18.
...fireworks displays, (____) is hoped to bring...
Đáp án: C. which ✅
Giải thích:
 “which” thay cho cả mệnh đề “a series of spectacular fireworks displays”
 “is hoped to bring…” → mệnh đề quan hệ

Câu 19.
... has helped the city (____) the reputation...
Đáp án: B. build up ✅
Giải thích:
 “build up a reputation” = gây dựng danh tiếng
 A. come up ❌ (đến gần)
 C. look up ❌ (tra cứu / cải thiện)
 D. go up ❌ (tăng lên)
Câu 20:
(20) ________ many people struggle with budgeting and saving and give up their financial plans...
Đáp án: B. While ✅
Giải thích:
 "While" thể hiện sự đối lập giữa tuyên bố ban đầu (“managing finances is essential”) và thực tế là
nhiều người gặp khó khăn.
 Các lựa chọn khác:
o A. However → cần đứng đầu câu độc lập, không đứng giữa như ở đây
o C. Though → giống “while” nhưng không hay bằng trong văn phong chính thống
o D. Otherwise → nghĩa là “nếu không thì”, không hợp ngữ cảnh
Câu 21:
"...eventually leading (21) ________ overspending and serious financial stress."
Đáp án: B. to ✅
Giải thích:
 Cấu trúc: lead to + danh từ/V-ing → đúng ngữ pháp
 “overspending” là danh động từ (V-ing)
 Các giới từ khác không đi với “lead”:
o A. in ❌
o C. on ❌
o D. at ❌
Câu 22:
"...an increasing amount of savings (22) ________ month..."
Đáp án: C. each ✅
Giải thích:
 “each month” = mỗi tháng → hợp ngữ pháp và tự nhiên
 “much/many” không dùng được vì không hợp cấu trúc câu
 “some month” không hợp nghĩa và không dùng như vậy
Câu 23:
"Buy (23) ________ within your price range."
Đáp án: B. affordable quality products ✅
Giải thích:
 Cấu trúc đúng: tính từ + tính từ + danh từ
→ affordable (rẻ, phù hợp túi tiền) + quality (chất lượng) + products
 Các phương án khác đều sai trật tự tính từ hoặc không đúng cấu trúc danh từ
Câu 24:
"...to avoid (24) ________ expenditure on unnecessary purchases."
Đáp án: C. excessive ✅
Giải thích:




“excessive expenditure” = chi tiêu quá mức → phù hợp ngữ cảnh
Các lựa chọn khác:
o A. restrictive (hạn chế) ❌
o B. objective (khách quan) ❌
o D. possessive (sở hữu) ❌

Câu 25:
"...to get your money's (25) ________."
Đáp án: A. worth ✅
Giải thích:
 Thành ngữ "get your money's worth" = xứng đáng với số tiền đã bỏ ra
→ đúng và tự nhiên trong tiếng Anh
 Các từ khác:
o B. price → không dùng với “money's ___”
o C. rate → thường dùng trong "interest rate", không hợp nghĩa
o D. cost → không kết hợp với “money's ___” như cụm thành ngữ
Question 26.
According to paragraph 1, having products claimed as eco-friendly rather than conducting meaningful
decarbonisation will...
Đáp án: A. lead to delays without solving the current emission problem ✅
Giải thích:
“...buying time while emissions remain untouched.”
→ Nghĩa là việc dán nhãn xanh chỉ để câu giờ, không giải quyết thực chất.
Question 27.
The word “manipulated” in paragraph 2 mostly means...
Đáp án: B. purposely adjusted ✅
Giải thích:
“...it is manipulated to conceal ongoing environmental damage.”
→ “manipulated” = bị điều chỉnh một cách cố ý/lừa dối để che giấu tác hại môi trường.
Question 28.
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?
Đáp án: B. Sustainability buzzwords now fill every sector, with their reach being amplified by influencers
and polished reports. ✅
Giải thích:
 Đoạn này nói về cách greenwashing lan rộng qua influencer và báo cáo “bóng bẩy” → tóm gọn
chính xác nhất là đáp án B
Question 29.
What causes corporate boards to adopt greenwashing?
Đáp án: D. Increasing public concern about environmental issues ✅
Giải thích:
“Intensifying public anxiety... has placed companies under sharp scrutiny…”
→ Áp lực từ lo lắng của công chúng về khí hậu và hệ sinh thái khiến các công ty chọn greenwashing.
Question 30.
What challenge do regulators face in monitoring greenwashing claims?
Đáp án: D. Enforcement that falls behind corporate creativity ✅
Giải thích:

“...yet enforcement still lags behind corporate ingenuity.”
→ Luật pháp không theo kịp mưu mẹo của doanh nghiệp
Question 31.
The phrase “the practice” in paragraph 3 refers...