UNIT 6.
PRESERVING OUR HERITAGE
A. Pronunciation

• Intonation in statements, commands, and lists
Mark the intonation in the following sentences, using  (falling intonation) or  (level-rising
intonation). Then practise saying them in pairs.
1. We should make clubs more interesting for teenagers.
2. It is important to raise people's awareness of its importance.
3. Forms of cultural heritage include folk music, singing, and dancing.
4. We can go on a tour by boat, see areas of natural beauty, and listen to folk music.
5. All buildings are kept in their original state.
6. Young people can contribute more to heritage preservation.
7. We can see its natural beauty with beautiful limestone mountains, valleys, and rivers.
8. She enjoys reading novels set in the 19th century.
9. Cultural heritage may include temples, pagodas, and monuments.
10. The most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Viet Nam are Hoi An, Phong Nha Cave, Thang Long
Citadel, Hue Citadel and Ha Long Bay.

B. Vocabulary

• Words and phrases related to preserving heritage
I. Complete the sentences with the words given.
folk
historic
complex
historical
preserve
architecture
cultural heritage
restored
folk music
landscape
1. The art students were told to sketch the __________________.
2. He drew his inspiration from traditional Vietnamese __________________.
3. We want to __________________ the character of the town while improving the facilities.
4. The town's modern __________________ is very well integrated with the old.
5. The badly neglected paintings have all been carefully __________________.
6. Modernizing __________________ buildings can often do more harm than good.
7. Many important __________________ documents were destroyed when the library was bombed.
8. We visited an exhibition of __________________ art.
9. Some old buildings were pulled down to make space for a new shopping __________________.
10. These monuments are a vital part of the __________________ of South America.
II. Match each description with the words below.
archaeology
permission
interpretation
admiration
preservation
civilization

Angkor Wat
 Cambodia's Angkor Wat National Museum collects and protects artifacts from the nearby Angkor
1
Wat temple complex.
__________________
 The architects and builders who created Angkor Wat in Cambodia did amazing work. It impresses
2
everyone who sees it.
__________________
 Archaeologists digging at Angkor Wat recently discovered a large statue buried beneath the ground.
3
__________________
 Angkor was the capital city of the Khmer Empire, which ruled the area from the 9 th to the 15th
4
centuries.
__________________
 The museum gives a lot of explanation about the history of Angkor Wat and the people who built it.
5
__________________
 Sometimes, parts of Angkor Wat are closed to the public, and only workers are allowed to enter
6
them.
__________________
III. Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word / phrase below.
temples
community
designs
merchant
pillars
merchant ships
attractions
trading port
destination
objects

The ancient town of Hoi An lies on the Thu Bon River, 30 km south of Da Nang. It was formerly a
major 1 __________________ in Southeast Asia between the 16 th and the 17th centuries. Hoi An was

also an important centre for Dutch, Portuguese, Italian, Chinese, Japanese and other 2
__________________ from the Far East.
Hoi An is famous for its old 3 __________________, pagodas, ancient homes and narrow streets. All
the houses were made of wood and their 4 __________________were carved with ornamental
5
__________________.
One of the main 6 __________________ of Hoi An is the Japanese Bridge, which was built in the 16 th
century and is still well-preserved. All visitors to Hoi An are recommended a visit to the Assembly Hall
of Cantonese Chinese Congregation. This house was built in 1855 and still keeps many precious
7
__________________ that belonged to the Chinese 8 __________________ of Hoi An. Another
attractive address to tourists is Tan Ky House, which was constructed nearly two centuries ago as a
house for a Vietnamese 9 __________________. The house now looks almost exactly as it did in the
early 19lh century.
In recent years, Hoi An has become a popular tourist 10 __________________ in Viet Nam. In 1999, it
was certified by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site.
IV. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. In 1805, King Gia Long requested the building of a new, smaller citadel called Ha Noi Citadel with a
new __________________ style. (architecture)
2. The Complex of Hue Monuments is a __________________ of many royal monuments from the
Nguyen Dynasty. (combine)
3. As for me, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is one of the most __________________ destinations in
Viet Nam because of its value. (attract)
4. Homestay has become __________________ when historic travel is on the rise. (trend)
5. __________________ of Cultural Heritage is an international degree programme at University of
Bologna in Italy. (restore)
6. Cat Ba Archipelago bears the exceptionally natural values with its __________________ forests
which cover the limestone system and the mangrove wetlands. (tropic)
7. Besides the __________________ value of geology, Phong Nha - Ke Bang is also favoured with the
mysterious and majestic landscapes by nature. (history)
8. Management and __________________ in Hoi An are further strengthened through master
planning and action plans. (preserve)
 Prepositions
V. Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.
1. The report offers suggestions __________________ improvement __________________ policy.
2. The building is __________________ a bad state of repair.
3. Businessmen can get opportunities to reach the public __________________ social media such as
blogs, podcasts and other forms.
4. Participants are encouraged to give voice __________________ their personal hopes, fears and
dreams.
5. It was a real team effort — everyone contributed something __________________ the success of
the project.

6. Children can have fun and learn __________________ music at the same time.
7. He already had an idea __________________ his next novel.
8. She trained __________________ the race, sometimes running as much as 60 miles a week.
9. We need to explain why these issues are important and relate them __________________ everyday
life.
10. The meeting was a social event __________________ retired people in the neighbourhood.

C. Grammar

• To-infinitive clauses
I. Combine the first halves to the second ones to make meaningful sentences with to-inflnitive
phrases.
1. I went to the garden centre
2. When the teacher asked him a question, Jack pretended
3. I bought a new screwdriver
4. Please open the door
5. My mother always said I should eat lots of green vegetables
6. Phong climbed on a chair
7. Before I visit Japan next summer, I really want
8. It's a good idea
9. Mai has to practise at least four hours every day
10. Jim finally went to the dentist
______ A. to let some fresh air in.
______ B. to stay healthy.
______ C. to understand what she was saying.
______ D. to know where your children are at all times.
______ E. to get some relief from his toothache.
______ F. to get some fertilizers for my flowers.
______ G. to repair my bike.
______ H. to change a light bulb on the ceiling.
______ I. to learn some useful Japanese phrases.
______ J. to be ready for her piano competition next month.
II. Combine the suitable sentences in each group to form new meaningful ones using to-infinitive
phrases.
1. I shouted.
______ A. I want to keep warm.
2. I had to go to the bank.
______ B. I want to report that my bike had been stolen.
3. I'm saving money.
______ C. I want to go to Singapore.
4. I went into hospital.
______ D. I had to have an operation.
5. I'm wearing two pullovers.
______ E. I needed to get some money.
6. I phoned the police station.
______ F. I want to warn people of the danger.
1.
I
shouted
to
_______________________________________________________________________.

2.
_________________________________________________________________________________.
3.
_________________________________________________________________________________.
4.
_________________________________________________________________________________.
5.
_________________________________________________________________________________.
6.
_________________________________________________________________________________.
III. Complete the sentences using a suitable verb.
1. I didn't have enough time ________________ the newspaper today.
2. He came home by taxi. He didn't have enough energy ________________ home.
3. 'Would you like something ________________?' - 'Yes, please. A cup of coffee.'
4. We need a bag ________________ these things in.
5. There will be a meeting next week ________________ the problem.
6. I wish I had enough money ________________ a new bike.
7. I saw Hoa at the party but we didn't have a chance ________________ to each other.
8. I need some new clothes. I haven't got anything nice ________________.
9. They've just passed their exams. They're having a party ________________.
10. I can't do all this work alone. I need someone ________________ me.
IV. Rewrite the answers in the short exchanges using to-infinitive phrases.
Example:
Why did you come here?
- Because I wanted to see my friends.
 I came here to see my friends.
1.
Q: Why do you go to the beach every weekend?
A: Because I like swimming.
 She
2.
Q: Why did you move to Ha Noi?
A: I wanted to find work.
 He
3.
Q: Why are you leaving home?
A: I'm going to university in Tokyo.
 She
4.
Q: Why are you having a party?
A: It's my seventeenth birthday, and I want to celebrate it.
 He
5.
Q: Why do you get up at five every morning?
A: I do my training then.

6.

7.

8.

 He
Q: Why are you saving money?
A: I want to buy a new smartphone.
 She
Q: Why did you buy a new suit?
A: I want to wear it at the office party.
 He
Q: Why did you turn on TV very late last night?
A: We wanted to watch the World Cup final match.
 They

D. Reading
I. Match each of eight world heritage sites in Viet Nam with its description, writing the answer in
each blank.
1. Complex of Hue ________ A. The commercial activity of the port made it an important
Monuments
trade center from the 15th to the 19th century. Local and
foreign traders have left their marks with numerous buildings
that make up an exceptionally well-preserved ancient town.
2. Ha Long Bay
________ B. It remained its political center for 13 centuries. The central
sector of the Citadel embodies a unique culture from the Red
River area.
3. Hoi An Ancient ________ C. Developed from the 4th to 13th century, it consists of the
Town
remains of several temples. This site used to be the political
and religious capital of the Champa Kingdom.
4. Phong Nha – Ke ________ D. With several buildings remaining along the Huong River of
Bang National Park
the Royal Citadel, the Imperial Enclosure, and the Forbidden
City, it is the landmark of the imperial Vietnamese history,
arts and architecture.
5. My Son Sanctuary
________ E. Situated in the south of the Red River Delta, it is a
breathtaking area of limestone mountain surrounding low
cultivated valleys. It is also the site of Hoa Lu, the ancient
capital of Viet Nam from the 10th and 11th centuries.
6. Imperial Citadel of ________ F. It dates back to the 14th century. It was built according to
Thang Long-Ha Noi
the Feng Shui principles in a plain between the Ma and Buoi
Rivers in Thanh Hoa Province.
7. Citadel of the Ho ________ G. Gathering more than 1,600 limestone islets in the Gulf of
Dynasty
Tonkin, it is an iconic seascape of verticals cliffs. The site's
beauty is famous around the world, and it is also a haven for
biodiversity.
8.
Trang
An ________ H. With 65 km of caves and underground rivers, it hosts a very
Landscape Complex
complex limestone landscape with significant geological

features.
II. Read the text, and decide whether the statements are true (T), or false (F), or not given (NG).

The Area of Old Carved Stones in Sa Pa
The area of old carved stones in Sa Pa lies mainly in the Muong Hoa Valley, where there are
settlements of ethnic minority people in Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province. Carved stones here have
been discovered since a long time ago. In 1925, a French scholar coming here discovered more than
30 pieces of stone that had been carved with various images, scattered along the Hoa Spring bank.
Later, other scientists have come here to study the carved pieces of stone. Until now, researchers
have discovered more than 200 pieces of stone carved with different images, among them are the big
ones which have complicated designs.
The most common patterns are images of mountains, hills and fields. In some pieces of stone, we can
find images of houses, following the pattern of house on stilts with the form of boat, with curved roof,
reminding the image of houses on the Dong Son bronze drums.
Particularly, a number of researchers have raised the hypothesis of traces of 3 kinds of writing system,
following the pattern of pictorial writing with straight and curved lines. There are writing systems
almost similar to the writing systems found on amulets of Tay ethnic group and Dao ethnic group, but
they are not Tay characters. The discovery of the 3 above kinds of writing system on carved pieces of
stone makes more complicated the determination of the author of those works.
Maybe those authors belong to many different ethnic minorities and have achieved their works in
different times.
There are opinions underlining that those pieces of stone have been carved by the old Viet people, or
ethnic groups near to the old Viet people. At present, there remain a number of legends about the
"Father piece" and "Mother piece" of stone related to inhabitants of the areas lying at the mountain
foot coming here to find new settlements. However, the problem of determination of the real authors
of those works is still to be solved.
1. Scientists discovered a number of old carved stones in Sa Pa, which dated back to Dong Son Bronze
Age.
_____
2. Hundreds of stone pieces have been found with various images, some of which have big, complex
patterns.
_____
3. The most common topic for the patterns is nature.
_____
4. Images of stilt houses on these pieces of stone were the same as those on the Dong Son bronze

drums.
_____
5. The three kinds of writing system on the carved pieces of stone might share the similar pattern of
pictorial writing with straight and curved lines.
_____
6. The writing systems on the old carved stones in Sa Pa came from those of Tay and Dao ethnic
groups, but they are not Tay characters.
_____
7. Tay ethnic group and Dao ethnic group have their own writing systems.
_____
8. It is thought that the authors of the ancient carved stones came from many different ethnic
minorities, and did them in different times.
_____
9. The "Father piece" and "Mother piece" of stone are the biggest ones.
_____
10. The early Viet inhabitants of the areas lying at the mountain foot came to Sa Pa to set the "Father
piece" and "Mother piece" of stone as their new settlements.
_____
III. Read the passage about the Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape, and then answer the
questions.

The Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape
The Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape is located on the Dong Trieu Range, at the
intersection of two provinces: Quang Ninh and Bac Giang. Relics on and excavated under the ground
in the Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape have proved a long history of cultural exchanges
in the country. The heritage site, with dozens of pagodas, towers and small temples, and thousands of
antiquities - especially old books, preserves spiritual values of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism and the
cultural traces of the Dai Viet civilization. The values of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism and Dai Viet culture
have been kept throughout the history of Viet Nam, promoted to other countries in the world by
generations of Zen masters and will be retained in the future.
Truc Lam is a pure Vietnamese Zen Buddhism which focuses on inner feelings but at the same time
enters into life with a forgiveness approach. True Lam aims to connect religion to life in a positive way
and builds a close link to true patriotism. King Tran Nhan Tong, the founder of Truc Lam, was the one
who collected a lot of older books to guide Buddhists and followers of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism on
how to practise their religion and become good people.
Yen Tu is thought of as a natural ecological museum due to its rich bio-diversity. The natural

landscape of this place met the requirements of a Buddhism center, which was why it was chosen by
Vietnamese Buddhism followers as a place to come and build small temples covered with grass, to
practice their religion.
1. What has proved that Yen Tu has a long history of cultural exchanges in the country?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What attractions can visitors see at Yen Tu?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. What does the heritage site preserve?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. What does Truc Lam Zen Buddhism aim to do?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. What did King Tran Nhan Tong do for followers of Truc Lam Zen Buddhism?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Why was Yen Tu chosen a Buddhism center?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
IV. Read the text, and then do the tasks that follow.

Hidden away in the tropical forest near the port city of Da Nang and the very popular World Heritage
town of Hoi An is the Champa civilization's sacred valley of My Son, or “Beautiful Mountain”. I joined
the full day package tour from Hoi An, which was quite very convenient as it included all
transportation, ticket fee, lunch and guide. I arrived in My Son around 10 o'clock. After walking for a
while, I found the complex of tourist facilities, and one of them is the performance hall. Our guide
insisted us keeping going into the forest. Within few minutes, I started to see the complex of ancient
Hindu temples made from brick.
At first, the dilapidated state of the complex was quite shocking, and almost nothing was left to see. I
decided to discover the site by myself, and I started to be impressed by the amazing quality of brick
carving details. The image of Hinduism guardians and angels are truly beautiful and reminded me

about Angkor in Cambodia. For me, My Son is the great evidence of how Southern Indian art
expanded to Southeast Asia since ancient Cham people came from Java where Indian art flourished,
and later expand to modem day Viet Nam and later Cambodia and Thailand. The construction method
of My Son is also very unique: Cham people built a whole block of bricks then burned them to make
the whole brick block very solid and strong, then chiseled into the temple. I walked around the
complex many times to enjoy its intricate motifs until the guide informed that there are more
complex to see.
I went to see another complex, this one is located on the hill and recently partial rebuilt by a group of
Italian archaeologists, and they are planning to rebuild more, which is a very good news for My Son
preservation. The rebuilt complex is very lovely and illustrates the original layout very well even
though the new brick really contrasts with the old ones. After that, the guide took me back to the bus
and back to Hoi An, it was exactly 3 hours inside My Son. Despite the bad state of preservation, I
really enjoyed my visit to My Son, the place has exceeded my expectation and even small complex can
clearly show its value as a bridge of cultural exchange between India - Java and mainland Southeast
Asia.
Task 1. Answer the following questions.
1. Why was the writer's tour from Hoi An to My Son very convenient?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What was his first impression of My Son? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. What first made him change his opinion about My Son?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which feature does he find unique about My Son?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why is the writer optimistic about the preservation of My Son in the near future?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Why did he enjoy his visit to My Son?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Task 2. Match the underlined words in the text with the definitions.
1. sacred
________ A. a person that protects something
2. dilapidated
________ B. a connection between two different things
3. guardian
________ C. a person who studies ancient civilizations, based on objects or
part of buildings that are found in the ground
4. chiseled
________ D. having a special religious meaning

5. archeologist
________ E. cut or carved to shape wood or stone
6. bridge
________ F. old and in very bad condition
V. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.

Stonehenge, in the south of England, is an ancient stone circle that was built thousands of years ago
at around the same time as the pyramids in Egypt. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage site since
1
________________ and it is visited by up to 2 ________________ people every year. Come on a
guided tour and see this incredible place!
Reviews
'Our guide told us that the stones around the edge of Stonehenge are called sarsens and the largest
ones weighs more than 40 tons and is 3 ________________ feet high. They think the sarsens came
from quarries 25 miles away. However, the smaller ones, which are called bluestones and are in the
middle of the circle, were from the Presell Hills in Wales. I asked the guide if that was far away and he
said it was about 4 ________________ miles away! I can't imagine how the stones were transported
to Stonehenge because they didn't have any vehicles or machinery.' Nick 14
'The guide told us about the remains of a large prehistoric village that was discovered by archeologists
last year. It's less than 5 ________________ miles from Stonehenge and they think it's where the
builders lived when they were constructing the stone circle. He said that they'd found lots of animal
bones and pieces of broken pottery. I asked her if they'd had parties there and she thought that was
exactly what had happened.' Cara, 14
'Stonehenge was a place where the summer solstice, which is the longest day of the year in the
Northern Hemisphere, was celebrated. The guide told us that people still come today to celebrate it.
they meet very early in the morning and watch the sun rise over the stones. He said it was the most
beautiful thing in the world. He asked me if I'd ever seen it. I haven't, but I'd really like to see it next
June 6 ________________.' Jane, 15
Task 1. Complete the text with the numbers below.
24
200
1986
20th
a million
two
Task 2. Read the text, and mark the sentences true (T) or false (F).
1. The pyramids in Egypt are older than Stonehenge.
__________
2. Stonehenge was built by UNESCO.
__________
3. Different types of stones were used by the builders.
__________
4. Some of the stones were carried a great distance.
__________

5. Experts have known about the village near Stonehenge for years.
6. They believe that the builders who lived there used to have parties.
7. Celebrating the summer solstice at Stonehenge is an old tradition.
8. Jane went to Stonehenge last June.
VI. Read the article about the Moai, and do the tasks that follow.

__________
__________
__________

THE MYSTERIOUS MOAI
1 ___________________________________________
The Moai are beautiful stone statues that you can see on the Chilean island of Rapa Nui (Easter
Island), in the Pacific Ocean. There are 887 statues, and we know that the first ones were made about
1,00 years ago. However, we don't know very much about the people who made them, or the reasons
why they made them. The stones are a beautiful mystery.
2 ___________________________________________
The Moai are statues of men with very large heads, and smaller bodies and arms. Only one has legs
and feet.
3 ___________________________________________
We know that people used hand tools to make the stones because archeologists have found examples
of many old tools all over the island. They believed it must have taken about a year to make each
statue, with five or six people working on each one.
4 ___________________________________________
This is a more difficult question! Some of the statues are huge, and people can't have carried them
using just their hands. The largest stones are nearly ten metres long, and weigh about 18,000
kilograms. Professor Carla Lopez says, 'The people must have had some way of moving these stones.
Some archeologists think they might have pulled the stones across the island using ropes. But the
stones were so heavy, it must have taken between180 and 250 men to pull each one.'
5 ___________________________________________
We don't know. Most people believe that the statues represent people who had died. However,
according to Professor Lopez, 'We can't explain why the ancient islanders put so much work into
creating these statues, and why so many of the statues are looking away from the ocean. Perhaps the
artists believed they were looking towards the villages on the island, to protect them.

6 ___________________________________________
Today Easter Island is a World Heritage site. Thousands of visitors come to study and admire the
statues every year. Most people just take photos, but there have been some problems. In 2008, a
tourist tried to take a piece of a statue's ear home as a souvenir. He had to pay $17,000, and he
couldn't go back to the island for three years.
Task 1. Complete the headings with the questions below.
A. How did people make the Moai?
B. How did people move the Moai?
C. What about the Moai today?
D. What are the Moai?
E. What do the Moai look like?
F. Why did people make the Moai?
Task 2. Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1. There are 887 statues.
__________
2. There aren't any statues of women.
__________
3. The tools that people used to make the statues have all disappeared. __________
4. It took one man a year to make each statue.
__________
5. Some experts believe that people carried the statues by hand.
__________
6. Most of the statues look out towards the sea.
__________
7. The island is a popular tourist destination.
__________
Task 3. Answer the questions.
1. How do archeologists know what the ancient islanders used to make the statues?
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it possible that people carried the stones?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What might the statues protect, according to one expert?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. How did one man damage a statue?
__________________________________________________________________________________
VII. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
The Seven Wonders of the World?
If you read the online editions of newspapers and magazines, you'll know that internet publications
frequently compile top lists 'The 10 funniest films this year' or 'The 20 best sports cars ever' are just a
couple of examples that can be found. However, list writing is not a modem phenomenon. The Ancient
Greeks started the fashion with a list that has remained popular for centuries: the Seven Wonders of
the World. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the statue of Zeus, Artemis sanctuary, the Mausoleum of
King Mausolos, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Lighthouse of Alexandria and the Great Pyramid of Giza
were all proclaimed to be the best constructions in the world by Greek scholars. But what criteria did
they use to decide what was a wonder and what wasn't?
In the first place, the Greeks didn't use the word 'wonders', but talked about 'things to be seen'. As

the seven monuments were all situated around the Mediterranean Sea, the list was a kind of guide for
Greek tourists, possibly the world's first tourists. Furthermore, it wasn't impartial, as five of the
wonders were built by the Greeks themselves and the list is really a celebration of Greek building
techniques. Although the Greeks wouldn't have known about them, other monuments such as the
Great Wall of China or the Mayan Temples in Guatemala existed at the time, and would have been
contenders f...