CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: COMPARISON ( SO SÁNH )
I.SO SÁNH BẰNG ( EQUALITY )
S + be/V + as + adj/adv + as + [noun/pronoun]

He is as old as his father (is).
Taylor drove as carefully as Katy (did).
-Ở thểphủđịnhvànghivấn, ta cóthểdùng: so + adj/adv + as
Tom doesn’t sing so beautifully as Mary (does).
His book is not so interesting as mine.

-Đểdiễntảthêmmứcđộ so sánh, ta cóthểthêmcáctừ “just/exactly” (vừagiốngnhư) hoặc “nearly/almost” (gầnnhư)
I am exactly/nearly as tall as you.
He earns almost as much money as you.


II.SO SÁNH HƠN ( SUPERIORITY)
S + be/V + adj/adv (ngắn) –er + than + [noun/pronoun]
He works harder than she does.
It is hotter than it was yesterday.
S + be/V + more/less + adj/adv (dài) + than + [noun/pronoun]
She is more careful than her mother (is).
Mary dances more skillfully than Anna.

-Nhữngtínhtừhaiâmtiếttậncùnglày (y(ier), ow,er,etthì so sánhnhưtínhtừngắn. quiet ( quieter clever ( cleverer simple ( simpler
Happy ( happier narrow ( narrower
-Tínhtừngắncótậncùnglàmộtnguyênâm + phụâm( trừw,x,z) thìgấpđôiphụâmcuối. big ( bigger red ( redder hot ( hotter
-Mộtsốtrạngtừcóđuôi–er: faster, earlier,later,quicker,sooner.

-Đểnhấnmạnhmứcđộ, ta sửdụng:
+ much/a lot/far + so sánhhơn(sựkhácbiệtlớn
A watermelon is much sweeter than a lemon.
+ litter/few/a bit/slightly + so sánhhơn(sựkhácbiệtnhỏ
That shirt is little cheaper than that one.

-So sánhhơnvớidanhtừ:
February has fewer days than March.
-Khi so sánh 1 người/vậtvớitấtcảnhữngngười/vậtkhácphảithêm “else” sauanything/anybody/…
She is more beautiful than anybody else in her school.

III.SO SÁNH NHẤT (SUPERLATIVE)
S + V + the + adj/adv (ngắn) –est + (in/of…)
Peter is the tallest boy in his family.
S + V + the most + adj/adv (dài) + (in/of…)
He did this work the most successfully.

-Đểnhấnmạnhmứcđộ, ta sửdụng by far, easily, nearly,… + so sánhnhất
This is by far the best restaurant in my neighborhood.

-Cấutrúc: One of the + so sánhnhất + N (sốnhiều) + V (sốít)
(mộttrongnhữngcáigìnhấtlàcáigì
One of the most skillful players in my team is Linda.


IV.MỘT SỐ TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT
Tínhtừ/trạngtừ
So sánhhơn
So sánhnhất

Good/well
better
The best

Bad/badly
worse
The worst

far
Farther/further
The farthest/furthest

Much/many
More
The most

little
less
The least


V.MỘT SỐ LOẠI SO SÁNH ĐẶC BIỆT
So sánhbộisố :
S + be/V + half/twice/three times/… + as + adj/adv + as + [noun/pronoun]
This skirt is twice as expensive as that one.
She has three times as many books as I.

So sánhkép:
-Tínhtừ/trạngtừngắn :S + be/V + adj/adv-er + and + adj/adv-er
The weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
-Tínhtừ/trạngtừdài:S + be/V + more and more + adj/adv (dài)
His daughter is more and more intelligent.
-2 tínhtừ:The + so sánhhơn + S + V, the + so sánhhơn + S + V.
The more intelligent he is, the lazier he becomes.
The more vocabulary we know, the better we can speak English.

So sánhhơnkémkhôngdùng “than” giữa 2 đốitượng:
The + so sánhhơn + of the two +N
Harvey is the smarter of the two boys.


BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
Exercise 1: Fill in the blank:
Adj/adv
Comparative
Superlative

1. beautiful
 
 

2. hot
 
 

3. crazy
 
 

4. slowly
 
 

5. few
 
 

6. little
 
 

7. bad
 
 

8. good
 
 

9. attractive
 
 

10. big
 
 

 Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer
1. She is ....... singer I’ve ever met.
A. worse                     B. bad                                     C. the worst               D. badly
2. Mary is ....... responsible as Peter.
A.