UNIT 7. RECIPES AND EATING HABITS
A. REVIEW
I. Vocabulary
Words
Transcription
Meaning
Examples
chop (v)
/ tʃɒp/
chặt
Feel the cucumber and chop it into small cubes.
cube (n)
/kju:b/
miếng hình lập
phương
A cube is a solid or hollow figure with six equal square sides.
deep- fry (v)
/ˌdiːp ˈfraɪ/
rán ngập mỡ
Today my mother is teaching me how to deep-fry fish.
dip (v)
/dɪp/
nhúng
She dipped her toe into the pool to see how cold it was.
drain (v)
/dreɪn/
làm ráo nước
Leave the dishes to drain.
garnish (v)
/ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/
trang trí (thức ăn)
Garnish the dish with almonds before serving.
grate (v)
/greɪt/
mài, xát (thành bột); nạo (thức ăn)
As you grate your potatoes, let them drop into a large bowl of ice water.
grill (v)
/grɪl/
nướng
I'll grill the bacon rather than fry it.
Marinate (v)
/ˈmærɪneɪt/
ướp
I allways marinate the chicken in white wine for a couple of hours before frying.
peel(v)
/pi:l/
gọt vỏ, bóc vỏ
We should peel potatoes before cooking.
puree (v)
/ˈpjʊərei/
xay nhuyễn
The first solid food she gave her baby was puréed carrot.
roast(v)
/rəʊst/
quay
I roasted the vegetables with some olive oil
shallot (n)
/ʃəˈlɒt/
hành khô
Cooking with shallots means adding their delicate flavour to many dishes in your kitchen.
simmer (v)
/ˈsɪmə(r)/
om
Leave the soup to simmer for 10 minutes before serving it.
spread (v)
/spred/
phết (bơ)
She spread her toast with a thick layer of butter.
Sprinkle (v)
/ˈsprɪŋkl/
rắc (hương liệu)
I sprinkled some sugar on top of the cake.
slice (v)
/slaɪs/
cắt lát
Could you slice me a very thin piece of cake?
staple (n)
/'steɪpl/
lương thực chính
The staple crop is rice.
starter (n)
/ˈstɑːtə[r]/
món khai vị
This dish can be served as a starter or a main course.
steam (v)
/sti:m/
hấp
The best way to steam your food to is of course to have a steamer at home.
stew (n, v)
/stju:/
(món) hầm
I'm making a stew for lunch.
stir-fry (v)
/ˈstɜː fraɪ/
xào
Stir-fry the chicken for one minute, then add the vegetables.
tender (a)
/'tendə(r)
mềm
This meat is extremely tender.
versatile
(a)
/ˈvɜːsətaɪl/
đa dụng
Eggs are easy to cook and are an extremely versatile food.
whisk (v)
/wisk/
Đánh (trứng...)
He whisked the butter and eggs together, wondering if this was the right way to make an omelette.

II. Word formation
Word
Related words
Transcription
Meaning
combine (v)
combination (n)
/ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/
sự kết hợp
tradition (n)
traditional (a)
/trəˈdɪʃənl/
truyền thống
succeed (v)
success (n)
/səkˈses/
sự thành công

successful (a)
/səkˈsesfl /
thành công

successfully
(adv)
/ səkˈsesfəli/
một cách thành công
important (a)
importance (n)
/ ɪmˈpɔːtns/
tầm quan trọng
signify (v)
significant (a)
/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/
quan trọng

significance (n)
/ sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns /
ý nghĩa

signification (n)
/ˌsɪɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn /
sự báo hiệu
nutrition (n)
nutritious (a)
/njuˈtrɪʃəs/
bổ dưỡng
mix (v)
mixture (n)
/ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/
sự pha trộn
cook (v)
overcook (n)
/ˌəʊvəˈkʊk/
nấu quá lửa

undercook (n)
/ˌʌndəˈkʊk/
Nấu thiếu lửa
arrange (v)
arrangement (n)
/əˈreɪndʒmənt/
sự sắp xếp
add (v)
addition (n)
/əˈdɪʃn/
sự thêm vào

additional (a)
/əˈdɪʃənl/
cộng thêm, thêm
character
(n)
characteristic (n)
/ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/
đặc tính

characterise (v)
/ˈkærəktəraɪz/
mô tả
health (n)
healthy (a)
/ˈhelθi/
khỏe mạnh

healthily (adv)
/ˈhelθɪli/
một cách khỏe mạnh

unhealthy (a)
/ʌnˈhelθi/
không khỏe

III. Grammar
1. Some/any
- Both some and any are used to say unidentified amount of something when it is impossible or not necessary to say the exact amount.
1.1. Some: Một ít, một vài
- Some is often used in affirmative sentences before countable nouns in plural forms or uncountable nouns.
Examples:
I want some milk.
I need some eggs.
- Sometimes some is used in interrogative sentences when expecting the answer is Yes, or is used in sentences for requesting, inviting and offering
Examples:
Did you buy some oranges?
Would you like some more coffee?
May I go out for some drink?
1.2. Any: Một ít, một vài
- Any is often used before countable nouns in plural form or uncountable nouns in negative or interrogative sentences.
Examples:
Do you want any sugar?
She didn't see any boys in her class.
- Any is used before uncountable nouns and countable nouns in singular form in affirmative clauses with negative meaning or after words having negative meaning like never, hardly, scarcely, without...
Examples:
I'm free all day. Come and see me any time you like.
He's lazy. He never does any work
If there are any letters for me, can you send them on to this address?
If you need any more money, please let me know.
Notes:
- We can use some and any without any nouns when those nouns are identified.
Examples:
Tim wanted some milk, but he couldn't find any.
(Or) If you have no stamps, I will give you some.
- Pronouns like something, anything, someone, anyone, somebody, anybody, somewhere, anywhere... can be used in a similar way with some and any.
Examples:
I don't see anything on the table.
(Or) Is there anybody in your house now?
(Or) I want to do something to help you.
2. A cup of tea, a loaf of bread
• Tea and bread are uncountable nouns, so we cannot use article 'a' or numbers before them, but we can say a cup of tea và a loaf of bread.
• Some other examples of expression of uncountable nouns: a carton of apple juice, a tin of paint, a bottle of milk, a box of cereal, a tube of toothpaste, a glass of coffee, a piece of wood, a slice of bread, a sheet of paper, half a pound of butter, two littres of petrol, a bar of chocolate...
• This way of expression can also be used for plural nouns after of: a box of matches, two kilos of tomatoes, a collection of stamps
3. Modal verbs in Conditional Sentences Type 1
If - clause
Main clause
If + S + V (present simple)
S + will/ can/ may/ might/ should/ must + V (bare infinitive)...
Examples:
I will buy a big house if I have enough money.
I will be late for school if you don't drive faster.
If he wants to pass the exam, he must study harder.
If you finish your homework, you can watch TV. (permission)
He can learn to become a good cook if he tries hard. (ability)
If she likes eating spicy food, he may/ might add chilli. (possibility)
If you feel unhealthy, you shouldn't eat fast food. (advice)
If you don't want to get weight, you must follow these safety instructions, (necessity)

B. PRACTICE EXERCISES
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Food in Northern Vietnam is not as _________as that in Central and Southern Vietnam, as black pepper is often used rather than chilies.
A. strong B. flavour C. spicy D. exciting
2. Despite the differences in cuisine of each region, there are similarities, such as the _________ for main meals - rice, ways of adding fish sauce, herbs and other flavours.
A. basic B. staple C. foundation D. necessity
3. A meal of Hue people has a natural combination between flavours and colours of dishes, which creates the unique _________ in the regional cuisine.
A. feature B. part C. description D. list
4. _________ of famous dishes in Southern Vietnam are Hu Tieu Nam Vang, Bun Mam, fried rice, flour cake, and many kinds of puddings.
A. Any B. A C. One D. Some
5. If I feel hungry in the afternoon, I _________ snacks like fresh carrots, a bottle of milk or a slice of bread.
A. would have B. had C. might have D. had had
6. My father _________ hot pot, in which there is a combination of seasoned broth, vegetables and meats if my mother goes home late this evening.
A. will cook B. would cook C. cooks D. cooked
7. If people work so much, they _________ depressed and eat more food containing a lot of fat and sugar rather than minerals and vitamins.
A. may feel B. could feel C. felt D. may have felt
8. Beet greens are the most _________part of the vegetable and can be cooked like any other dark leafy green.
A. careful B. nutritious C. traditional D. colourful
9. You _________ chicken. It means that you cook it in an oven or over a fire without liquid.
A. roast B. steam C. fry D. boil
10. Such ingredients as sugar, sugarcane, and coconut water are mostly used in Southern Vietnamese food than in _________places in Northern and Central Vietnam.
A. an B. any C. some D. a
II. Complete the following sentences with a, an, some or any.
1. I here arean't _________ good restaurants in this town.
2. Don't worry about lunch. I've bought _________ pizzas.
3. We'd like to stay longer, but we don't have _________ time.
4. Could you give me _________ information please?
5. I'm really hungry now. Can you give me _________ apple?
III. Give the correct term of the word in brackets to complete the following text.
Good cooking is always a strange (1. MIX) _________ of science and art. Certainly, you also have to be fairly creative if you want to come up with your own recipes. All cooking also demands a fair amount of (2. PREPARE) _________, and tlais is doubly true when you're producing orginal dishes. You also have to be thick - skinned. You'll be (3. SURPRISE) _________ by how honest people can be when it comes to food. I've had people tell me my latest dish is (4. DISGUST) _________ and thoroughly incredible! Sometimes, they were right! But don't get upset. Just smile sweetly and thank them for their valuable opinion. And never forget that when you're waiting (5. ANXIOUS) _________to hear whether or not your 'masterpiece' is a success and they suddenly show their appreciation you'll realize it was all worth it.
IV. Read the text below and write one word in each blank to complete it.
In a modem dairy, tire milking of cows is carried out by machines. Cows are usually milked twice a (1) _________ by a milking machine. The warm milk from cow is collected in a large vat where it is cooled. The milk is then (2) _________ to another part of the dairy for processing.
Fresh milk is converted to pasteurized milk and cream in the processing section of the dairy. A number of machines are used to process the milk. Three of the most (3) _________ machines used to process milk are the separator, the pasteurizer and the homogenizer.
The separator removes the cream from the milk. Milk without cream is known as skimmed milk. Skimmed milk is drunk by people who want to (4) _________ the fat content in their diet. The pasteurizer serves to heat the milk to a certain temperature so as to destroy any bacteria that it may contain. It is not safe to drink milk that has not been pasteurized. Cream and milk are blended in the homogenized to produce full-cream milk. The milk is then cooked and (5) _________ . The bottles are stored in a cool place before they are delivered to shops and homes.
V. Read the text and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
A cacao tree is about seven meters high and is covered with large leaves. Up to 6,000 small pink or white flowers appear on a tree every year. Only a few of these flowers produce a pod. Each pod is about 15 to 20 centimetres long and contains from 20 to 50 beans. A tree produces only about 20 to 40 pods a year.
People gather these pods, break them open with large knives, take out the beans, and dry them. After a few days, the beans are cleaned, roasted, and ground into tiny pieces. The natural fat in the beans becomes a liquid. Chocolate is made from this liquid.
Today the largest suppliers of chocolate are Ghana, the Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and Brazil. Ghana got its first cacao tree from Fernando Po, a Spanish colony off the coast of Africa. A Ghanaian who was working on Fernando Po in 1879 took a cacao pod home and planted it. It grew into a tree. Other people slowly started growing cacao trees. Before this, there were wars in the region for decades. When people started growing cacao trees, they stopped fighting. In this way, chocolate brought peace to the Africans there.
A tropical tree with an Indian name brought peace to West Africa. Chocolate brings pleasure to all of us when we eat and drink this delicious food.
1. _________ A cacao tree is about seven meters high and covered with large pink and white leaves.
2. _________ Each year, a cacao tree has 6,000 flowers which produce a pod of about 15 to 20 centimetres long and contains from 20 to 50 beans.
3. _________ Chocolate is made from the liquid which are the natural fat in the beans taken out from the cacao's flower pods.
4. _________ People in Ghana started planting cacao in 1879 and cacao trees helped them stop fighting.
5. _________ We can feel happy and comfortable when we eat and drink chocolate.
VI. Read the following text and answer the questions below.
Isn't it amazing how much time we spend talking about food? “Have you ever eaten ...?” “What did you have for lunch?” and so on. And when you travel from one country to another, you find that people have quite different feelings about food. People often feel that what they eat is normal, and that what other people eat is strange or silly.
In most parts of Asia, for example, no meal is complete without rice. In England, people eat potatoes every day. In the Middle East, bread is the main part of every meal. Eating, like so many things we do, becomes a habit which is difficult to change. Americans like to drink a lot of orange juice and coffee. The English drink tea four or five times every day. Australians drink large amount of beer and the French drink wine every day.
The sort of meat people like to eat also differs from one country to another. Horse meat is thought to be delicious in France. In Hong Kong, some people enjoy eating snakes. New Zealanders eat sheep, but they never eat goat meat. The Japanese don't like to eat sheep meat because of its smell, but they enjoy raw fish.
So it seems that although eating is a topic that we can talk about for hours, there is very little common sense in what we say about it. People everywhere enjoy eating what they have always been eating, and there is very little we can do to change our eating habits.
1. What does the writer think of people's opinions about food?
_______________________________________________________________
2. What do people in many Asian countries almost always have in their meals?
_______________________________________________________________
3. Where do people prefer tea to other drinks?
_______________________________________________________________
4. Why don't people in Japan like to eat sheep meat?
_______________________________________________________________
5. What is the text mainly about?
_______________________________________________________________

VII. Use the given words to write the complete sentences.
1. There/ nothing more appetizing/ smell of meat sizzling over an open fire.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Some people/ eat barbecue/ because/ it/ let/ together with friends or family/ make/ feel more sociable.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. People often/ barbecue/ national holidays/ special occasions/ birthday/ family gathering.
______________________________________________________________________________
4. In the United States, it/ tradition/ have a barbecue/ hamburgers and hot dogs/ Independence Day, July 4th.
______________________________________________________________________________
5. If you/ chance to visit/ different places/ world, you/ try/ local specialities.
__________________________________________________________________________
6. There/ any good restaurants/ that town/ we/ decide/ take/ sandwiches for the trip.
__________________________________________________________________________
7. We'd like/ stay longer/ try local dishes, but we/ not have/ time.
__________________________________________________________________________
8. He/ learn to become/ good cook/ big restaurants and hotels/ if/ he/ try/ hard.
__________________________________________________________________________
9. We/ have/ fish? This restaurant/ most famous for it/ this town.
__________________________________________________________________________
10. If she/ like/ eat spicy food/ she/ add chilli.
__________________________________________________________________________
VIII. Finish each of the following sentences so that its meaning stays the same.
1. Follow these safety instructions or you may get burnt.
 If you ________________________________________________________________
2. I suggest having some spaghetti and pizza tonight.
 Why don't _____________________________________________________________
3. My aunt has never tasted sushi before.
 This is ________________________________________________________________
4. Eating healthy food is very important.
 It is ___________________________________________________________________
5. Do more exercise or you can't lose any weight.
 If _____________________________________________________________________


C. PRACTICE TEST
PART 1. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.
1. A. garnish B. drain C. tender D. sprinkle
2. A. grin B. dip C. slice D. grill
3. A. spread B. cream C. bread D. head
4. A. sugar B. stew C. sauce D. steam
5. A. grate B. shallot C. marinate D. staple
II. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the others in each group.
6. A. individual B. supermarket C. avocado D. information
7. A. versatile B. marinate C. tomato D. chocolate
8. A. balance B. combine C. include D. reduce
9. A. understand B. geography C. engineer D. disappearance
10. A. promote B. diverse C. language D. combine

PART 2. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
11. If you _________ a choice, which country will you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
12. Trees won't grow _________ there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as
13. An interesting feature in northern cuisine is in winter all family members gather around a big hotpot _________ there is a combination of seasoned broth, vegetables and meats.
A. in which B. which C. what D. x
14. The patient could not recover unless he _________ an operation.
[undergo: pass through]
A. had undergone B. would undergo
C. underwent D. was undergoing
15. One special feature of cuisine in Southern Vietnam is short cooking time which aims to _________ the freshness of food.
A. stay B. continue C. exist D. remain
16. Pumpkin soup is a good source of _________ , minerals and vitamins, especially vitamin A.
A. solids B. fibres C. sugars D. fats
17. If you _________ to be chosen as a chef in that restaurant, you'll have to be experienced in the field.
A. had wanted B. wanted C. want D. wants
18. You usually _________ into many small pieces.
A. chop B. whisk C. grate D. sprinkle
19. If I had enough money, I _________ abroad to improve my English and try the local specalities.
A. will go B. would go C. should go D. should have to go
20. Don't worry about lunch. I've bought _________ sandwiches.
A. a lot B. some C. any D. much
21. Could you bring me _________ glass of lemonade, please?
A. a B. some C. any D. many
22. They ground beans from the cacao or cocoa tree and mixed them _________ water and vanilla to make a drink.
A. in B. to C. with D. into
23. When Africans started _________ cacao trees, they stopped fighting, so chocolate brought peace there.
A. grow B. grows C. grew D. growing
24. . If it rains tomorrow, we _________ postpone going on a picnic.
A. could B. may C. would D. had to
25. The tradition of taking different meats, and sometimes vegetables as well, and spearing them with a sharp stick called a skewer _________ cultural lines today.
A. crossed B. has crossed C. crosses D. is crossing
II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses of the conditionals
26. If she (need) _________ the recipe, she can ask me.
27. If you (not go) _________ away, I'll send for the police.
28. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) _________ about this.
29. If we leave the car here, it (not be) _________ in anybody's way.
30. He'll be late for the train if he (not start) _________ at one.
31. If he (go) _________ on telling lies, nobody will believe a word he says.
32. Unless they (sell) _________ more, they won't get much commission.
33. We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) _________ any higher.
34. If we (work) _________ hard today, can we have a day off tomorrow?
35. If the house burns down, we (claim) _________compensation.
III. Write one word in each gap to complete the following sentences.
36. Most people seem to be _________ of the harmful effects of their diet.
37. Everyone complemented her _________ the wonderful buffet she'd laid on.
38. The problem with drinks like that is they're full _________ sugar.
39. I can't choose _________ Death by Chocolate or fruit salad.
40. I'm _________ to tell you what your supper is; then you'll just have to wait and see.
41. She's generally regarded _________ being the best cookery book writer of her generation.
42. Most people associate English food _________ fish and chips and shepherd's pie.
43. Karen's very careful about how _________ salt she has every meal.
44. There's _________ lack of good restaurants round here.
45. The meat was well cooked _________ the sauce was totally lacking in flavour.

PART 3. READING
I. Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each numbered blank.
Packet sugar from the supermarket is extracted from (46) _________ sugar cane or sugar beet. These (47) _________ are mixed with hot water, which dissolves their natural sugar. Sugar is also found in fruits, some of which, such as dates and grapes, (48) _________ very high amounts of sugar. To be a little more (49) _________, sugar should be called sucrose. Sucrose is made up of two substances, glucose, which (50) _________ for instant energy, and fructose, which lasts longer as a source of energy. The sugar in fruit is mainly fructose. So, when we eat fruit, we (51)________ quite large amounts of natural sugar. Some scientists believe that too much sugar (52) _________ in sweets, cakes, and biscuits. It is said to be generally bad for the health, although nothing (53)________ so far. However, it (54) _________ that sugar causes tooth decay. As one expert said that “If other foods damaged our body as much as sugar (55) _________ would be our teeth, they banned immediately.”
46. A. both B. some C. either D. mainly
47. A. productions B. products C. producers D. producing
48. A. contain B. are containing C. are contained D. contains
49. A. scientists B. scientific C. science D. non-science
50. A. used B. are using C. use D. is used
51. A. are also eaten B. have been eaten C. also eat D. will be eaten
52. A. is eaten B. eats C. has eaten D. will eat
53. A. is proving B. has proved C. were proved D. has been proved
54. A. knows B. has known C. is knowing D. is known
55. A. damages B. did C. decayed D. effect
II. Read the text below and write one word in each blank to complete it.
In some cultures, when you are invited to have a meal at someone's house, you might be considered rude if you don t say how (56) _________ the food is. In Britain, for example, it's normal for someone to complement the cook on the tastiness of the meal. You can say something like, “That delicious. Do, please, write the recipe down (57) _________ me!”
In other cultures, however, people tend not to be so full of enthusiasm for the meal. You might (58)_________ regarded as being rude, as the cook might associate your praise with surprise. He or she might think. “So, they're shocked I can cook well, are they?”
If you are not sure how to react, the best advice is to wait and (59) _________ how the other people at the table react. If that doesn't help, be very careful with what you say! I would suggest (60)_________one solution could be to say. “That was delicious, but then I know it would be!”
III. Read the following text and answer the questions below.
Indians in North and South America ate popcorn thousands of years ago. Scientists found some ears of popcorn in New Mexico, a state in the United States. They were 5,600 years old. Farmers probably learned to raise popcorn first before they planted other kinds of com. Farmers now raise popcorn in the United States, Australia, Argentina, South Africa, and southern Europe.
Corn was an important food for the Indians. It was also important for their religion. When Columbus and other Europeans visited the New World, they saw this. When the Indians and Europeans had their first Thanksgiving, they ate popcorn. Today Thanksgiving is an important holiday in the United States but people don't usually eat popcorn for this holiday now.
Many Europeans and Indians fought wars with each other. When a war finished, the Indians brought popcorn as a sign of peace.
In the 1920s, people started selling popcorn at movies. Now most movie theatres in the United States sell popcorn. Popcorn and movies go together very well. During the Second World War, American soldiers in the army taught Europeans to eat popcorn.
Is popcorn good for you? Yes, it is. However, some people put a lot of salt and butter or vegetable oil on it. It tastes good that way, but it is not very good for you.
61. Is New Mexico a city of Mexico?
__________________________________________________________________________
62. Where do farmers raise popcorn now?
__________________________________________________________________________
63. What did the Indians and Europeans have for their first Thanksgiving?
__________________________________________________________________________
64. When did movie theatres start selling popcorn?
__________________________________________________________________________
65. Why is some popcorn not good for us?
__________________________________________________________________________

PART 4. WRITING
I. Rearrange the given words or phrases to make meaningful sentences.
66. We/ as/ body/ need / should eat/ only/ much food as/ our.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
67. Moderation/ key to any healthy diet/ and/ it/ also/ mean/ the balance/ our diet/ is/ also means.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
68. Cutting down/ your intake of sugar/ or salt/ and/ helps you/ prevent/ several problems/ diseases/ in.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
69. You/ eat/ only when/ should/ you/ active/ during daytime/ / at night/ and/ avoid/ eating / are.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
70. If/ and/ you/ work/ feel hungry/ can/ you/ as/ healthier snacks/ such/ fruits or vegetables.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
II. Use the given words to write the complete sentences.
71. I/ am allergic/ peanuts/ so I/ be careful/ what/I eat.
__________________________________________________________________________
72. In each meal/ everyone/ own bowl/ and/ dishes/ put/ middle.
__________________________________________________________________________
73. Therefore/ each one/ eat/ whatever they want/ and/ they/ not need/ eat what/ they dislike.
__________________________________________________________________________
74. The food/ meat/ sliced/ small pieces/ so that/ everyone/ take them easily.
__________________________________________________________________________
75. I tend not/ cook very often/ the week/I/ not have time.
__________________________________________________________________________
III. Finish each of the following sentences so that its meaning stays the same.
76. Although Jimmy was stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him.
 Despite his ______________________________________________________________
77. I don't intend to change my eating habits.
 I have __________________________________________________________________
78. If I follow the doctor's advice of eating diet, I can improve my health problems soon.
 The sooner _____________________________________________________________
79. You need to peel the onion and slice it.
 The onion _______________________________________________________________
80. The manager usually threatens not to select Brian for the team unless he trains harder.
 If ______________________________________________________________________


UNIT 8: TOURISM
A. REVIEW
I. Vocabulary
Words
Transcription
Meaning
Examples
affordable (a)
/əˈfɔːdəbl/
Có thể chi trả, (giá cả) phải chăng
They try to make their plans more affordable for all consumers.
air (v)
/eə(r)/
Phát sóng
The ad was submitted to CBS which accepted and aired it.
breathtaking (a)
/ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/
ấn tượng
The scene was breathtaking in its beauty.
check-in (n)
/'tʃek ɪn/
Quầy đăng kí lên máy bay
The airline apologizes for long delays at check-in today.
checkout (n)
/ˈtʃekaʊt/
Việc trả phòng rời khách sạn
You can't just go through the checkout without paying!
confusion (n)
/kənˈfjuːʒn/
Bối rối
His expression was one of pure confusion.
erode away (v)
/ɪ'rəʊd a'weɪ/
Mòn đi
The rocks have eroded away over time.
exotic (a)
/ ɪɡˈzɒtɪk /
Kỳ lạ
The fruits look exotic. Do they taste good?
explore (v)
/ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/
Thám hiểm
Canadian companies are exploring for oil in the region.
hyphen (n)
/ˈhaɪfn/
Gạch nối
There is a hyphen between the two names.
imperial (a)
/ɪmˈpɪəriəl/
(thuộc) hoàng đế,
như hoàng đế
The imperial guards stormed the palace.
inaccessible (a)
/ˌɪnækˈsesəbl/
không thể
tiếp cận
The hall is inaccessible to wheelchair users.
lush (a)
/lʌʃ/
Tươi tốt
The lush peaks and valleys of Rwanda unfold in the distance.
magnificence
(n)
/mæɡˈnɪfɪsns/
nguy nga,
tráng lệ
I love the magnificence of snow- covered mountains.
not break the bank (idiom)
/ nɒt breɪk
ðə bæŋk /
không tốn
nhiều tiền
We can just get a sandwich if you want—that won't break the bank.
orchid (n)
/ ˈɔːkɪd /
hoa lan
I had no idea there -were orchids growing wild in Florida.
package tour
(n)
/ˈpækɪdʒ tʊə(r)/
du lịch trọn gói
The package tour industry declined during the 1970s.
pile-up (n)
/ paɪl -ʌp/
tai nạn liên hoàn
Three people died in a multiple pile-up in freezing fog.
promote (v)
/prəˈməʊt/
quảng bá
Basketball stars have helped promote the sport overseas.
safari (n)
/səˈfɑːri/
cuộc đi săn
I just got back from a month­-long safari.
stalagmite (n)
/ˈstæləɡmaɪt/
măng đá
The most common stalagmites are speleothems, which usually form in limestone caves.
stimulating (a)
/ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪŋ/
thú vị
Thank you for a most stimulating discussion.
touchdown (n)
/ˈtʌtʃdaʊn/
hạ cánh
The plane swerved on touchdown.
varied (a)
/ˈveərid/
đa dạng
The country has a rich and varied culture.

II. Worf formation
Word
Related words
Transcription
Meaning
afford (v)
affordable (a)
/əˈfɔːdəbl/
(giá cả) phải chăng

affordably (adv)
/əˈfɔːdəbli/
Phải chăng

affordability (a)
/əˌfɔːrdəˈbɪləti/
Tính vừa phải (về giá cả)

unaffordable (a)
/ˌʌnəˈfɔːdəbl/


Quá đắt, không thể chi trả

unaffordability (n)
/ʌnəˌfo: dəbɪləti/
i
Sự không thể chi trả
confuse (v)
confusion (n)
/kənˈfjuːʒn/
Lộn xộn, sự bối rối

confused (a)
/kənˈfjuːzd/
Làm bối rối

confusing (a)
/kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/
Lộn xộn
erode (v)
erosion (n)
/ɪˈrəʊʒn/
Xói mòn
exotic (a)
exotica (n)
/ɪɡˈzɒtɪkə /
Vật lạ, vật ngoại lai

exotically (adv)
/ɪɡˈzɒtɪkli/


Ngoại lai, kì lạ

exoticness (n)
/ɪɡˈzɒtɪknəs/

Tính ngoại lai
explore (v)
exploration (n)
/ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/
Sự thăm dò, thám hiểm

explorer (n)
/ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/
Nhà thám hiểm
imperial (a)
imperialism (n)
/ ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪzəm /
Chủ nghĩa đế quốc

imperialist (a.n)
/ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪst/
Đế quốc

imperialise (v)
/ɪmˈpɪəriəˌlaɪz/
Đế quốc hóa
access (v)
accessible (a)
/əkˈsesəbl/
Có thể tiếp cận

accessibility (n)
/əkˌsesəˈbɪləti /
Tính dễ tiếp cận

inaccessible (a)
/ˌɪnækˈsesəbl/
Không thể tiếp cận

inaccessibility (n)
/ˌɪnækˌsesəˈbɪləti/
Tính không thể tiếp cận
magnify (v)
magnification (n)
/ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/
Sự phóng đại

magnificent (a)
/mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/
nguy nga, tráng lệ

magnificence (n)
/mæɡˈnɪfɪsns /
Sự nguy nga, tráng lệ

magnifier (n)
/ˈmæɡnɪfaɪə(r)/
Kính lúp
promote (v)
promoter (n)
/prəˈməʊtə(r)/
người tài trợ, người ủng hộ


promotion (n)
/prəˈməʊʃn /
Sự khuyến khích, thăng chức, hoạt động quảng cáo

promotional (a)
/prəˈməʊʃənl /
(thuộc về) quảng cáo

stimulate (v)
stimulation (n)
/ˌstɪmjuˈleɪʃn /
sự kích thích, khuyến khích

stimulating (a)
/ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪŋ/
kích thích, thú vị

stimulator (n)
/ˈsɪmjuleɪtə(r)/
người khuyến khích

stimulant (n)
/ˈstɪmjələnt/
chất kích thích
vary (v)
varied (a)
/ˈveərid/
đa dạng

variable (a)
/veəriəbl/
hay thay đổi

variety (n)
/vəˈraɪəti/
sự đa dạng

variation (n)
/ˌveəriˈeɪʃn/
sự biến đổi

III. Grammar
1. Compound nouns
1.1. What are compound nouns?
- Compound nouns are words for people, animals, places, things, or ideas, made up of two or more words.
e.g. water + bottle  water bottle; dining + room  dining room.
1.2. Forming compound nouns
- Noun + noun: backpack, bathroom, bedroom, bus stop, fish tank, football, wallpaper, website
- Adjective + noun: blackberry, blackbird, blackboard, mobile phone, hardware, highway, software.
- Noun + verb: haircut, rainfall, sunrise, sunset
- Noun + preposition (+ noun): hanger-on, passerby, brother-in-law, mother­ – in – law
- Verb + noun: breakfast, runway, pickpocket
- Prepsoition + noun: bystander, influx, onlooker, underpants, upstairs
- Verb + preposition: check-in, checkout/check-out, drawback, lookout, makeup
- Adjective + verb: dry cleaning, public speaking
- preposition + verb: input, output, overthrow, upturn
- Gerund + noun: living-room, driving licence, dancing-shoes, smoking - room.
- Noun + gerund: weight-lifting, coal-mining, fruit-picking
- Particle + verb: outbreak
- Verb+ particle: breakdown
- Exceptions: forget-me-not, merry-go-round
1.3. Spelling
- Many compoundnouns are written as one word: rainfall, drawback, toothpaste
- Some are written with hyphens: check-in, hanger-on, mother-in-law
- Some are written with spaces: washing machine, swimming pool, water bottle
1.4. Plural of compound nouns
- Usually, we form the plural of most compounds by adding a plural ending to the last part of the compound:
Singular
Plural
Bedroom
bedrooms
Football
Footballs
water bottle
water bottles
full moon
full moons
check-in
check-ins
checkout / check-out
checkouts / check-outs
Upturn
Upturns
- Exception: In some cases, the compounds form their plurals on the first noun:
Singular
Plural
secretary general
secretaries general
mother-in-law
mothers-in-law
passerby / passer-by
passersby / passers-by

2. Articles
2.1. The indefinite article 'A' – 'An'
Use
A+ consonant sound
An + vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u)
Example
A book, a ruler
An eraser, an atlas
2.1.1. We use 'a/an':
- with singular countable nouns when we are talking about them in general
Example: An elephant is a big animal.
- After the verb 'to be' to talk about jobs
Example: He's an astronaut.
2.1.2. We don't use 'a/an':
- With uncountable or plural nouns. We can use some instead.
Examples:
I don't like apples.
I want some sugar and some strawberries.
2.2. The definite article 'the'
- 'The' can be used with both singular and plural nouns
2.2.1. We use 'the'
- With singular or plural nouns when we are talking about something specific which we either already know about or it is mentioned for a second time.
Example: The car in front of the house is Ted's.
- With nouns which are unique: the sun, the earth, the moon
- With musical instruments: the piano, the guitar
- With an adjective when speaking of a group of people: the rich, the poor
- Before the names of rivers (the Amazon) and countries when they include words such as state, kingdom, etc. (the United Kingdom)
2.2.2. We don't use 'the':
- With plural nouns and uncountable nouns when we are talking about things and people in general
Example: Passwords protect our personal information.
- With proper nouns or possessive adjectives
Examples:
Emma is from London.
Her friend is from Leeds.

B. PRACTICE EXERCISES
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.
1. A. exotic B. explain C. explore D. excuse
2. A. bank B. travel C. delay D. magnificent
3. A. lag B. safari C. package D. stalagmite
4. A. decision B. erode C. checkout D. exotic
5. A. resort B. season C. excursion D. reasonable
II. Use the words given in the box to complete the following sentences.
low season
jet lag
stopover
luggage
reasonable
expedition
package tour
check-in
boarding pass
inaccessible

1. Beijing works best as a _________ on journeys to Sydney and Melbourne.
2. At this time, it may not be easy to find accommodation with _________ prices.
3. We bought a cheap _________ to Spain and stayed in a big hotel by the sea.
4. We should arrive at the airport before _________ time.
5. She must have a _________to be allowed to get on an aircraft or a ship.
6. They live in a remote area which is _________ except by horse.
7. I'm still suffering from _________ after my trip to Australia.
8. Each passenger was allowed two 30-kg pieces of _________.
9. It is _________ in Cornwall, and hotels have dropped their prices.
10. We are not very forward with our preparations for our Arctic _________next year.
III. Complete the following sentences with a/ an/ the or o (no article).
1. A: Where are you going this summer?
B: Well, we want to go to _________ island in _________Greece.
A: That's fantastic. Which one?
B: We want to go to _________ island of Corfu.
A: It's beautiful island.
2. A: I eat _________apple and _________ banana every day.
B: Why do you do that?
A: Don't you know that ________apple a day keeps _________doctor away.
B: What about _________banana then?
A: Well, I don't know but I love _________bananas.
IV. Complete the following sentences with a/ an/ the or  (no article).
1. Jason's father bought him _________ bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday.
2. _________ Statue of Liberty was _________ gift of friendship from _________ France to United States.
3. Rita is studying _________ English and _________ Math this semester.
4. _________ judge asked _________ witness to tell _________truth.
5. Please give me _________ cup of coffee with _________ cream and _________ sugar.
6. _________ big books on _________ table are for my history class.
7. No one in _________ Spanish class knew _________ correct answer to _________ Mrs Brown's question.
8. _________ my car is four years old, and it still runs well.
9. When you go to _________ store, please buy _________ bottle of _________ chocolatemilk and _________ dozen oranges.
10. There are only _________ few seats left for _________ tonight's musical show at _________ university.
V. Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following sentences.
1. British cavers have made some important _________ about Son Doong Cave. (DISCOVER)
2. Passengers should arrive at check-in at least two hours before _________. (DEPART)
3. They were the first _________ to cross the country from south to north. (EXPLORE)
4. The island offers such a wide _________ of scenery and wildlife. (VARY)
5. He had always wanted an _________ life in the tropics. (ADVENTURE)
6. During 1984, Remington spent a lot of money on advertising and _________ (PROMOTE)
7. Upon _________, our driver will pick you up at the airport then driving to Son Tra Peninsula and enjoy the whole beach city. (ARRIVE)
8. A survey showed people were _________ about what they should eat to stay healthy. (CONFUSE)
9. It's a _________ job but I'm sure you'll prove equal to it. (CHALLENGE)
10. More and more foreigners like travelling to Vietnam for holiday because things are _________ here. (AFFORD)

C. PRACTICE TEST
PART 1. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group.
A. speciality B. sashimi C. location D. locality
A. narrowed B. reduced C. travelled D. arranged
A. peak B. feature C. Eastern D. already
A. desert B. destination C. delicious D. entire
A. tourists B. caverns C. groups D. basis
II. Choose the word whose main stressed syllabic is placed differently from that of the others in each group.
A. discover B. addition C. fantastic D. habitat
A. afford B. travel C. wildlife D. passport
A. affect B. machine C. challenge D. promote
A. magnificence B. stalagmite C. satisfaction D. accommodate
A. original B. geography C. imperial D. stimulating
PART 2. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
11. The manager is away on a business _________ so I am in charge of the office now.
A. trip B. tour C. voyage D. visit
12. If you want to see historical places, it is a good idea to go on a guided _________.
A. voyage B. visit C. tour D. cruise
13. They spent two weeks at a fashionable ski _________ in Switzerland.
A. resort B. boarding C. region D. area
14. They met on board of a luxurious yacht during a _________ in the Caribbean.
A. tour B. voyage C. cruise D. trip
15. After changing trains three times we arrived at our _________ in the end.
A. destination B. departure C. package D. countries
16. If you have any excess _________, you must pay extra money.
A. furniture B. tool C. luggage D. facility
17. David _________ a seat on the evening flight to Ho Chi Minh City.
A. travelled B. paid C. booked D. made
18. They are going to spend their holiday _________rural France.
A. relaxing B. exploring C. reserving D. searching
19. Cua Lo Beach is also famous for its beautiful islands such as Lan Chau and Song Ngu which protect it from heavy storms and strong winds _________from the East Sea.
A. to come B. to come in C. coming D. coming in
20. _________ popular with tourist of young people age because they travel with minimum luggage and on a limited budget.
A. Backpack B. Backpacking
C. Backpacker D. Go backpacking
21. We went out for _________ dinner last night. _________ restaurant we went to was excellent.
A. x/a B. the/the C. x/ the D. the/ a
22. Did _________ police find _________ person who stole your bicycle?
A. a/a B. the/the C. a/the D. the/a
23. I'm looking for _________ job. Did Mary get _________ job she applied for?
A. a/the B. the/a C. a/a D. the/the
24. We live in _________ big house in _________ middle of the village
A. a/a B. a/the C. the/the D. the/a
25. This morning I bought a newspaper and a magazine. _________ newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where _________ magazine is.
A. a/a B. a/the C. the/the D. the/a
II. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable preposition or particle.
26. Coffee shops will always be popular _________ retired people.
27. The computer suddenly broke _________, and no one knew what went wrong.
28. You can operate the machine by carrying _________ the instructions in the manual.
29. According to the schedule, the plane to Ho Chi Minh should take _________ at 2 p.m.
30. We can't get access _________ the Internet where we live.
III. Give the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
31. I'm sure the letter won't arrive on time unless it (send) _________ by air.
32. The news about the storm (already broadcast) _________on radio several times so far.
33. By the time we arrived, the football match (already start) _________.
34. I'd rather you (not tell) _________ her the truth.
35. She (sleep) _________ for 10 hours! You must wake her up.
36-37. Bill (have) _________ breakfast when I (stop) _________ at his house this morning.
38. I am going to have my house (paint) _________ next week.
39-40. I think I (lose) _________ my sunglasses. I (look) _________ for them since noon, but I can t find them.
IV. Identify the mistake in each of the following sentences.
41. Our plane arrives in the Hanoi at two o clock in the afternoon.
A. arrives B. the C. at D. the
42. I don't know where could he have gone so early in the morning.
A. where B. could he C. so D. the
43. The rainy weather here makes it possibly for living things to develop.
A. rainy B. possibly C. for D. to develop
44. He has learned a lot in the last couple of years, didn't he?
A. learned B. a lot C. couple of years D. didn't he
45. My teacher got used to drive a car on the left when he lived in London.
A. My teacher B. drive C. when D. lived
PART 3. READING
I. Choose ONE suitable word to fill in each blank.
symbolizes
however
visitors
known
unspoiled

Japan is (46) _________ as the Land of the Rising Sun, and the red spot on the nation's flag (47) _________ the sun. It is an island nation made up of a large archipelago, and each of the numerous islands has its own flavour. Depending on the season, there is always something to be offered for (48) _________. If you want to experience the big city life, definitely head to Tokyo. If you want (49 _________ beauty and four full seasons, head northward to Hokkaido. (50)_________ , if you want the place where you can find summer year-round, then Okinawa is going to be your destination of choice.
II. Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each numbered blank.
(51) _________ the widespread use of modern means of transport, people have more choice of holiday (52) _________ and can now visit even the remotest parts of the world. (53)_________ has certainly become an important factor in the development of many countries.
An obvious (54) _________ of tourism is that it plays a key role in economic growth. It (55) _________ greatly to income of a region or country. It also (56) _________ job opportunities to all kinds of people, and therefore it promotes prosperity in diverse fields. Another positive (57) _________ of tourism is that it helps promote international understanding and cooperation among nations. In addition, tourism can improve the standard of living of local or rural communities, so young people (58) _________ to stay in their hometown to build a good life rather than move to big cities. (59) _________tourism brings cultural benefits, as travellers learn about the history and (60) _________of a place, and spread them around the world.
51. A. Thanks to B. According to C. Due to D. Addition to
52. A. place B. region C.area D. destination
53. A. Tourist B. Tourism C. Tour D. Touring
54. A. reward B. service C. benefit D. enjoyment
55. A. contributes B. communicates C. adds D. regrets
56. A. makes B. creates C. brings D. does
57. A. aspect B. side C. problem D. matter
58. A. encourages B. encouraging C. are encouraged D.courage
59. A. Because B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Finally
60. A. diversity B. custom C. history D. fashion
III. Read the following passage and choose the option A, B, C or D to complete the following statements.
Situated on the central coast of Vietnam, which is famous for many beautiful beaches, Lang Co Beach, since June 2009, has become an official member of the “World's most beautiful bays” club. Today, it is a popular destination for tourists in Vietnam, especially for those who love beach.
With the length of approximately 10 kilometres, Lang Co Beach located in Lang Co town, Phu Loc district, Thua Thien - Hue province is next to the National Highway 1A and near Hai Van Pass.
Lying on the most beautiful curve of the country, Lang Co has almost everything that the nature can offer: green mountains and tropical forests, smooth white sand, full of sunshine and cool, blue and clear sea as crystal, and the average temperature of 25oC in summer. It is an attractive destination, for both domestic and international tourists in Vietnam. It is the third bay of Vietnam, after Ha Long and Nha Trang named in the list 30 most beautiful bays in the globe.
It can be said that nobody can resist a nature beauty like Lang Co town. This small and peaceful town will give you the most relaxing time and many games at the beach. In addition, you will have good time to enjoy the seafood with various kinds of shrimps, lobster, crab, butter-fish, mackerel fish, oysters, etc. and not far from the beach are some attractions such as Lang Co fishing village, Chan May scenery.
Lying on the "Central Heritage Road", Lang Co is very close to other famous attractions such as the Imperial City of Hue, Hoi An Ancient Town, Son Tra Peninsula where the famous Son Tra Natural Reserve and beautiful beaches located, and so many more.
61. Lang Co beach is located _________.
A. 10 kilometres away from Hue
B. under Hai Van Pass
C. between Hoi An Ancient Town and Son Tra Peninsula
D. on the most beautiful