UNIT 9: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD

A. PHONETICS
I. Decide whether the underlined words are new (N) or known (K) information.
1. Kingsley: That T-shirt is really nice.
Naomi: Yeah! It's nice, but it's not cheap.
2. Anna: Which certificate does that school require, TOEFL or IELTS?
Lucy: As far as I know, they have changed from TOEFL to IELTS for a long time.
3. Elena: Many people like American English better than British English.
Sarah: I prefer Canadian English.
4. James: I want to buy a new smartphone but it's not easy to choose one with low price but
high quality.
Oliver: Try using the Samsung.
5. Lucas: Do you like reading e-books?
Mason: Yes, I do. One thing I love about e-books on my iPad is the in-text dictionary look-up
feature.
6. Jackson: What kind of music do you usually listen to?
Samuel: I don't have time for music, but sometime I enjoy some pop songs.
7. Nicholas: Let's eat out tonight. Which restaurant would you like?
Dominic: I'd like the buffet in Renaissance Hotel. Western cuisine is my favourite, you know.
8. Jack: Which dictionary do you like more, Oxford or Cambridge?
Luke: I can't say for sure because I often use both of them.
II. Decide whether the voice goes down (D) or up (U) on the underlined words.
1. Dylan: John is from Leeds. ( ____ )
Issac: Oh, I used to study there. ( ____ )
2. Alexander: Where did you buy that dictionary? ( ____ )
Cameron: I borrowed it ( ____ ) from the school library.
3. Roman: Which is your hat? ( ____ )
Jordan: The blue one. ( ____ )
4. Carter: This kind of milk tea ( ____ ) tastes good. Why don't you try it?
Owen: I don't like milk tea. ( ____ )
5. Violet: My brother wants to become a teacher. ( ____ )
Bella: Really? My mother is also a teacher. ( ____ )
6. Grace: I'll have something for dessert. ( ____ ) Would you like to have some?
Chloe: Yes, I'd like some juice. ( ____ )
7. Natalie: I think English ( ____ ) is the easiest foreign language.
Penelope: Yes, people speak it ( ____ ) everywhere.
8. Santiago: I can't decide which country ( ____ ) in Europe to visit first.
Anthony: Why don't you try England? ( ____ )
B. VOCABULARY
1. Supply noun form of the adjectives given.
1. tired        ____________        11. creative        ____________
2. stupid        ____________        12. simple        ____________
3. popular        ____________        13. dark        ____________
4. ill        ____________        14. weak        ____________
5. mad        ____________        15. obese        ____________
6. happy        ____________        16. good        ____________
7. dense        ____________        17. flexible        ____________
8. real        ____________        18. variable        ____________
9. punctual        ____________        19. mobile        ____________
10. kind        ____________        20. possible        ____________
II. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from the box.

1. This book is about the different ________ of English spoken in North America.
2. She was told she had a very pronounced French ________ when she speaks English.
3. Jimmy Nguyen is an American and he is ________ in Vietnamese and English.
4. In one sense, we all have a(n) ________ as all of us have only one biological mother.
5. Many people have to ________ the meaning of this outdated word in the dictionary.
6. My mother's English is very ________ these days because she hasn't spoken it for ages.
7. The teacher has one of the best word books for learning English words and technical
8. If you want to study English to further your education, an English ________ program is the
best way to learn the language.
9. English became the ________ for business in spite of the fact that the world's population
was largely Chinese.
10. The villagers often shifted between the local ________ and a more standard variety based
on the people they were talking to.
III. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.
1. In Mexico, you can _______ in simple English, but it will be better if you know Spanish.
        A. get by        B. pick up        C. look up        D. translate
2. A(n) _______ language cannot be learned rapidly, it must be learned step by step.
        A. first        B. second        C. official        D. foreign
3. Many Spanish, Portuguese, and English words are descendants, or _______, of Latin words.
        A. transformations         B. imitations        C. derivatives        D. varieties
4. I'll try to show you some strategies that can help you _______ the meaning of new words.
        A. correct        B. have        C. make        D. guess
5. My aunt used to work as a _______ secretary for a multinational insurance company.
        A. bilingual        B. fluent        C. rusty        D. reasonably good
6. English has borrowed words from many other languages due to its _______.
        A. popularity        B. openness        C. simplicity        D. flexibility
7. The massive _______ to the United States in the 19th century contributed to the growth of
English.
        A. settlement         B. establishment         C. creation        D. immigration
8. He has a good ear for _______ and can usually tell where a speaker comes from.
        A. pronunciations         B. accents        C. vocabularies        D. meanings
9. A dialect is a _______ form of a language spoken specifically by a particular group of people.
        A. regional        B. native        C. national        D. original
10. English has become a flexible language in which the same word can operate as many parts
of _______.
        A. statement         B. structure        C. speech        D. sentence
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Jennifer speaks Russian and Italian quite ________ but she's weak in grammar. (fluent)
2. Could French become the second ________ language in the world, after English? (globe)
3. The ________ has successfully rendered this difficult poem into his native language.
(translate)
4. Ms Lan studied western cultures and she has been teaching English to ________ for three
years. (foreign)
5. In ________ language, we tend to use more informal expression than in written language.
(speak)
6. English has become a world language because of its ________ as a mother tongue outside
England. (establish)

7. Openness of vocabulary implies both free admission of words from other languages and the
ready creation of compounds and ________. (derivative)
8. English owes its ________ status to the political, colonial, economic and cultural power it
deployed from the end of the 16th century. (dominate)
9. You need to be ________ good at English, as your work will require communicating with
foreigners. (reason)
10. One of the first ________ in North America was established in the central part of Canada.
(settle)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Write the correct form of the verbs in the conditional sentence type 2.
1. I ________ (be) able to travel around the universe if I ________ (be) an alien.
2. If my brother ________ (get) a new job now, he ________ (probably, make) more money.
3. If we ________ (go) home today, the Johnsons ________ (visit) us on Sunday.
4. What ________ (you, do) if you ________ (win) a scholarship to study in Canada?
5. He ________ (install) this dictionary application if it ________ (be) a free version.
6. I think English ________ (not, be) easier if it ________ (have) fewer technical terms.
7. If Linda ________ (be) here, she ________ (help) us translate the document.
8. My English skills ________ (much, improve) if I ________ (live) in the UK some years.
9. If she ________ (can become) fluent in English, a world of opportunity ________ (open) up
for her career.
10. If I ________ (be) you, I ________ (subscribe) to some English classes on the Internet right
now.
II. Complete the sentences using the conditional sentences type 2.
1. You don't know English, so you have to study it in our school.
        If you        
2. The students don't understand the essay because their English is not good.
        The students        
3. I think you should spend more time improving your English pronunciation.
        If I        
4. I choose to study English because it is easy to master and widely spoken.
        I wouldn't        
5. The foreign company turns down her application since she doesn't speak English well.
        If she        
6. Those tourists want to order a Vietnamese dish but they don't know Vietnamese.
        If those        
7. He can't apply for an interpreting job because he can't speak English fluently.
        If he        
8. The foreigner teacher's accent is so strong that many of us can't follow him.
        Many of        
9. This lesson has so many new words that I will have to learn them for hours.
        If this        
10. She wants to live in Canada but she doesn't have enough money and she can't speak
English.
        If she        
III. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.
1. We've looked at just some of the reasons (what/ which/ why) English in business is
important.
2. There are more than 50 English speaking countries, (that/ where/ which) English is either
the official or the primary language.
3. What is the easiest foreign language (that/ which/ when) you have learned so far?

4. It is difficult to point to a specific date (when/ why/ where) English was introduced into Viet
Nam.
5. Is it important to translate the language (who/ whom/ which) I am learning to my native
language?
6. They require that all the students (whose/ who/ that) native language is not English need to
take an English proficiency exam.
7. He attended an English teaching program and met great instructors from (where/ who/
whom) he learned effective teaching practices.
8. In the old days, (when/ which/ that) English was a new language, writers could invent new
words and use them.
9. Those (whom/ who/ whose) use English for their work on a daily basis need to be able to
use it for different purposes.
10. In nearly every major city in Canada, you can find private language schools (which/ who/
where) English is taught alongside other languages of the world.
IV. Write complete sentences using the word in brackets.
1. A song won the international competition. It was written in English. (which)
        The song        
2. Ernest Hemingway was an American novelist. He wrote The Old Man and the Sea. (who)
        Ernest Hemingway,        
3. You have chosen Singapore to study English. Can you tell me the reason? (why)
        Can you        ?
4. Dung wants to work as an interpreter. His latest IELTS score is 9.0. (whose)
        Dung,        
5. I am looking for a native English speaker. I can speak to him without hesitation. (whom)
        I am looking        
6. This book presents literary texts from the 14th century. English literature exploded into life
at that time. (when)
        This book        
7. I'll show you the used book store. You can find old dictionaries in this store. (where)
        I'll show        
8. English today is a changing language. It has been influenced by different cultures and
languages. (that)
        English today        
9. There's simple English. It is spoken in many countries, with many varieties. (which)
        There's simple        
10. A person speaks English fluently. He is known as an Anglophone. (who)
        A person        
V. Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.
1. Would you like to learn a language, _______ is the easiest one to pick up?
        A. which        B. that        C. of which        D. from which
2. If Jonathan _______ to fail his English test tomorrow, he _______ take it again.
        A. were - would have to                B. was - will have to
        C. could be - has to                D. was - may have to
3. If I _______ a teacher of English, I _______ English through reading appropriate short
stories.
        A. was - will teach         B. were - would teach         C. was - can teach         D. were - may
teach
4. This is one of the best English books for boys and girls _______ mother-tongue is not
English.
        A. whom        B. that        C. who        D. whose
5. If English _______ important, they _______ it in all high schools.

        A. wasn't - might teach                B. wasn't - could teach
        C. weren't - wouldn't teach        D. weren't - didn't teach
6. Do you remember that day _______ we said goodbye for the very last time?
        A. at which        B. when        C. which        D. to whom
7. Linguistics is the scientific study of language, _______ involves analysing language form,
language meaning, and language in context.
        A. whom        B. whose        C. that        D. which
8. If you _______ one thing about English education, what _______ like to change?
        A. can change - would you        B. could change - you would
        C. could change - would you        D. would change - could you
9. What is the most multicultural city, _______ the official language is not English?
        A. at which        B. that        C. which        D. where
10. Even if English _______, Singapore _______ to attract people from all over the world.
A. wasn't so spoken widely - would undoubtedly continue
B. weren't so widely spoken - would undoubtedly continue
C. wasn't spoken so widely - could continue undoubtedly
D. so widely weren't spoken - undoubtedly could continue
VI. Choose the word or phrase that needs correction.
1. One of the reasons that English is known for being difficult is because it's full of
                         A               B                       C                    D
contradictions.
2. If English weren't an international language then the books you read would be in English.
                   A                                      B                                C        D
3. In total, around 700 million Africans speak English, including those who speak it like
                              A                                        B                C                    D
a foreign language.
4. If we all learn English as the first foreign language, what would happen to the world?
                A                                B                                C        D
5. A lingua franca is any language using for communication between people who do not
                         A                B                                             C
share a native language.
           D
6. If you use this English pronunciation app, it will help you speaking English confidently
             A                                             B                        C                          D
and clearly.
7. If English were not subject to simplifications, it would still be a lot more similar to Germany.
                    A                            B                       C                                        D
8. If you asked for information in Japanese, I'm afraid those people could answer, but if
                 A                                 B                                        C
you asked in English, all of them would.
                                           D
9. Will there be a time when English is replaced, possible by a language that has not even
                             A                                B                          C               D
evolved yet?
10. Unless you wrote “colour” in one sentence and then “realize” in the next, you would
         A                                 B                                     C
be penalised for mixing your spellings.
         D
D. SPEAKING
I. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.

Loan:        My father said that I should master English and computer skills if I wanted to have a
good job in the future.
Hung:        He was totally right. (1) _____________________________________
Loan:        Computer is necessary, but why should it be English? My elder sister is working for a
Japanese
company
with
a
high
salary.
(2)
_____________________________________
Hung:        (3) _____________________________________Although English is the language for
business in many countries, there are still other widely spoken languages that people
want to use in their place, such as French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese... and
Japanese, as in your sister's company.
Loan:        How do you think about Chinese?
Hung:        I think it's difficult to master Chinese. It uses a complex writing and pronunciation
system. (4) _____________________________________
Loan:        What do you mean originating from Latin?
Hung:        (5) _____________________________________Italian, French, Portuguese,
Spanish, Romanian, Catalan, Romansh, and other Romance languages are direct
descendants of Latin.
Loan:        Hmm. This makes me wonder whether Vietnamese is also a direct descendant of
Latin.
Hung:        Well, I'm not sure. Maybe we should call it indirect descendant of Latin. A linguist
will be able to answer it, I think.
Loan:        Now that I think about it. (6) _____________________________________
Hung:        Yes, that's one of the reasons why we can study English easily. (7)
_______________________
______________________
Loan:        What is it?
Hung:        I like computer programming language whose character system basically involves in
English.
Loan:        (8) _____________________________________
Hung:        Well, now you know.
II. Match the sentences.
1.        What is “Hinglish”?
a.        Why not?
2.        I don't know the meaning of this word.
b.        When did you move to the US?
3.        Are you fluent in English?
c.        Really? Isn't English their mother
4.        I won't go to England this summer.
tongue?
5.        Is English the official language in your d.        It is a blend of English and Hindi.
country?
e.        To improve my writing skill and
6.        Since I moved to the US, I have had a
apply for an international scholarship.
better chance to practise English.
f.        A little.
7.        What do you do to improve your g.        No. It's French.
pronunciation?
h.        You can look it up in the dictionary.

8.        Can you speak German?
9.        Why do you take this course?
10. Those Canadians speak French.

i.        I listen to audio files in English and
imitate the native speakers' accent.
j.        Not really. I just know enough to get
by.

E. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answers.
Given the number of places around the world that English is spoken, differences are
bound to emerge. Despite how much the USA and the UK have in common, there are enough
differences between their two versions of the English language that someone may not always
understand exactly what someone from the other country is saying. Not only are there
160 distinct dialects of the English language, but there's also different spelling and even
words, used to describe one or other thing. Fortunately, the US State Department has created
a series of useful graphics to help clear things up between the British English and American
English usage.
Did you know, that the difference between spelling words like American color and British
colour, or humor and humour, comes from the Brits adopting, their now called British words,
from Old French language? When it came to America later, the spelling was simplified. And so
is with many other American English and British English differences, as the adaptation of
grammar took its part.
The US and the UK's imperial histories and modern influence over the world have changed
the English wording forever. Because it was exported to countries all over the world, it has
been forced to accept different variations of the same language, the most known one to be
the British and American.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Some differences between English and Old French
B. Some differences between British English and American English
C. Differences in spelling between British English and American English
D. The reasons why American English is different from British English
2. The word “distinct” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.
A. different                        B. ancient                C. modern                D. obsolete
3. As we can learn from the second paragraph, the word “neighbor” is ________.
A. British English                 B. American English         C. Old French                 D. None of the
above
4. What can we conclude about the spelling of American English according to the passage?
A. It creates another usage, as compared to British English.
B. It keeps the same form of Old French.
C. It is simpler than that of British English.
D. It changes according to the grammar.
5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Despite some differences between the two versions of English, the Brits and the
Americans always understand exactly what someone from the other country is saying.
B. There are only differences in dialects and spelling between British English and American
English.
C. The UK and the USA did not adopt any words from Old French language.
D. The export of English to countries all over the world resulted in its different variations.
II. Fill in each blank with a word from the box.

ETS, an American non-profit organization (1) ________ goal is “to help advance quality
and equity in education”, manages these two very popular “language certificates”: the TOEFL
and the TOEIC.

It might be abusive to call them certificates though. Technically they are standardized
language tests. That means you cannot fail them and the score is interpreted as your (2)
________ in the English language. In practice, schools use the score to (3) ________ or to
refuse students for programs or outgoing mobility. If prospective students do not (4) ________
their requirement, they are not going to get (5) ________. The ETS is thus a service provider
(6) ________ gives standardized tests which are recognized everywhere. So the tests do not
entitle students to a certificate or a (7) ________.
But as those tests have become globally recognized, they have become references and
people often write them in their resumes and it's still (8) ________ even when they past their
validity time. And as such, it is no surprise that people have started calling them certificates
abusively.
F. WRITING
I. Combine the pairs of sentences using the words in brackets.
1. English is flexible. The same word can operate as many parts of speech. (weren't)
                
2. Learning English online has become popular. It gives learners new experience. (which)
                
3. Those tourists are bilingual in French and English. They come from Canada. (who)
                
4. I can't learn another foreign language. They don't teach it in high school as a subject. (could)
                
5. There are plenty of countries around the world. People speak perfect English there
everywhere you go. (where)
                
6. I speak English fluently. It's easy for me to make lots of international friends. (didn't)
                
7. Mr. Robinson is a well-known English teacher. His lectures are always interesting. (whose)
                
8. You don't have a TESOL certificate. It's not easy for you to work as a teacher. (If)
                
9. This book addresses the pronunciation of Latin in the Middle Ages. It was still the language
of western Europe then. (when)
                
10. Elizabeth is looking for a Russian speaking language tutor. She can speak with him six hours
a week. (whom)
                
II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. Sometimes people wouldn't understand plain English if you didn't speak very loudly.
        Unless        
2. Speaking English fluently can make your work easier, but you need to improve other skills.
        Though speaking English        
3. Many students find it difficult to pronounce 'ear' sound when they first learn English.
        Many students who        
4. Thanks to the support from a Canadian friend, he speaks English confidently.
        Without the support        
5. I do not know as much about English grammar as my best friend Huong does.
        My best friend        
6. Many English words and technical terms spoken by the American were simplified.
        Many English words and technical terms which        
7. They used to consider London, the capital of the UK, the world's largest city.
        London,        

8. English is often taught as a foreign language in most countries where it is not an official
language.
        They        
9. Were you on summer vacation, you could enjoy yourself the most.
        If        
10. The number of people learning English rose steadily according to the report.
        The number of people who