UNIT 11: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
A. VOCABULARY:
1. archaeology (n)

/ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi/

khảo cổ học

2. become a reality (v)

 /bɪˈkʌm ə riˈæliti/

trở thành hiện thực

3. benefit (n, v)

/ˈbenɪfɪt/

lợi ích, hưởng lợi

4. cure (v)

/kjʊə/

chữa khỏi

5. discover (v)

/dɪˈskʌvə/

phát hiện ra

6. enormous (adj)

/ɪˈnɔːməs/

to lớn

7. explore (v)

/ɪkˈsplɔː/

khám phá, nghiên cứu

8. field (n)

/fiːld/

lĩnh vực

9. improve (v)

/ɪmˈpruːv/

nâng cao, cải thiện

10. invent (v)

/ɪnˈvent/

phát minh ra

11. light bulb (n)

/laɪt bʌlb/

bóng đèn

12. spaceship (n)

/ˈspeɪsʃɪp/

tàu không gian

13. patent (n, v)

 /ˈpætnt/

sáng chế

14. precise (adj)

 /prɪˈsaɪs/

chính xác

15. quality (n)

/ˈkwɒləti/

chất lượng

16. role (n)

/rəʊl/

vai trò

17. science (n)

 /ˈsaɪəns/

khoa học

18. scientific (adj)

/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

thuộc khoa học

19. solve (v)

/sɒlv/

giải quyết

20. steam engine (n)

/stiːm ˈendʒɪn/

đầu máy hơi nước

21. support (n, v)

/səˈpɔːt/

ủng hộ

22. technique (n)

/tekˈniːk/

thủ thuật, kĩ thuật

23. technical (adj)

/ˈteknɪkl/

24. technology (n)

/tekˈnɒlədʒi/

kĩ thuật, công nghệ

25. technological (adj)

/ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

thuộc công nghệ

26. transform (v)

/trænsˈfɔːm/

thay đổi, biến đổi

27. underground (adj, adv)

 /ʌndəˈɡraʊnd/

dưới lòng đất, ngầm

28. unrealistic (adj)

 /ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪstɪk/

phi thực tế

29. conservationist (n)

/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənɪst/

nhà bảo vệ môi trường

30. impure (adj)

 /ɪmˈpjʊə(r)/

không tinh khiết

31. impatient (adj)

 /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/

không kiên nhẫn

32. unforeseen (adj)

 /ˌʌnfɔːˈsiːn/

không ngờ trước

33. deaf-mute (adj)

 /ˌdef ˈmjuːt/

vừa câm vừa điếc

34. by chance (phr)

/baɪ - tʃɑːns/

tình cờ

35. incurable (adj)

/ɪnˈkjʊərəbl/

không thể chữa trị

36. lifestyle (n)

/ˈlaɪfstaɪl/

phong cách sống

37. anti-aging (adj)

/ˈænti/-/ˈeɪʤɪŋ/

chống lão hóa

38. energy saving (adj)

/ˈɛnəʤi/ /ˈseɪvɪŋ/

tiết kiệm năng lượng

39. take advantage of (phr)

/teɪk/ /ədˈvɑːntɪʤ/ /ɒv/

tận dụng

40. nutrition pills (n.phr)

/nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃən/ /pɪlz/

thuốc dinh dưỡng

41. gene (n)

/dʒiːn/

gen

42. solar panel (n)

/ˈsəʊlə ˈpænl/

pin năng lượng mặt trời

43. yield (n)

/jiːld/

năng suất

44. star-shaped (adj)

/stɑː/-/ʃeɪpt/

hình sao

B. GRAMMAR:
1. Reported Speech Statements (Tường thuật câu nói)
Cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
Thay đổi về thì

Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn

Present Simple

Past Simple

this/ these

that/ those

Present progressive

Past progressive

here

there

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

now

then

Past Simple

Past perfect

today/ tonight

that day/ that night

will

would

tomorrow

the next day/ the following day

must

had to

next

the next / the following

can

could

yesterday

the day before, the previous day

near future
am/is/are going to

near future in the past
was/were going to

last (week, month…)

the week/ month… before
the previous week/ month…

may

might

ago

before

Thay đổi đại từ chỉ ngôi: phụ thuộc vào chủ ngữ và tân ngữ của mệnh đề chính.
(I/ We -> người nói, You -> người nghe)
I --> he / she

We --> They

he / she / they --> he / she / they

* Statement: S + said (to + O) / told + O: “S' + V + …”
S + said (to + O) + (that) + S' đổi + V lùi thì + …
-> S + told + O + (that) + S' đổi + V lùi thì + …
Ex: She said, "My mum doesn't have time for films."
-> She said that her mum didn't have time for films.
* Yes / No - question:
- S + asked + O: “Trợ từ để hỏi (Do, Does, Did) + S' + V + …?”
-> S + asked + O + if / whether + S' đổi + V lùi thì + …
- S + asked + O: “Will/ Shall; Can; May;… + S' + V-inf +…?”
-> S + asked + O + if / whether + S' đổi + would/ should; could; might;…+ V-inf + …
* Wh - question:

- S + asked + O: “Question word + trợ từ để hỏi (do, does, did) + S' +V + …?”
-> S + asked + O + Question word + S' đổi + V lùi thì + …
- S + asked + O: “Question word + will/ shall; can; may;… + S' + V-inf +…?”
-> S + asked + O + Question word + S' đổi + would/ should; could; might;…+ V-inf + …
2. May and might:
- Chỉ mức độ của khả năng của một sự việc, nhưng may có tính chắc chắn hơn might một chút.
Ví dụ:
- I may go to Saigon tomorrow.
- She is a very busy, but I hope she might join us tomorrow
- Dùng may và might để xin phép, nhưng might thì nhún nhường và lịch sự hơn may.
Ví dụ:
- May I open the door?
- I wonder if I might have a little more wine?
C. EXERCISES:
I. Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. invent
B. chemist
C. patent
D. technology
2. A. science
B. scared
C. Scottish
D. screen
3. A. explore
B. exchange
C. experiment
D. existence
4. A. inventors
B. benefits
C. panels
D. homes
5. A. nuclear
B. future
C. bulb
D. mute
II. Choose the word whose main stress pattern is placed differently.
1. A. automation
B. development
C. experiment
D. technology
2. A. impolite
B. scientific
C. technology
D. economic
3. A. spaceship
B. benefit
C. technical
D. reality
4. A. technique
B. incurable
C. programmer
D. explorer
5. A. unemployment
B. laboratory
C. engineer
D. conservationist
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1. Science and technology are the keys _____ economic and social development.
A. for
B. to
C. in
D. of
2. It is predicted that 10 million self-driving cars will be on the road _____ 2020.
A. until
B. from
C. since
D. by
3. John J. Stone-Parker came _____ the idea of creating a star-shaped device when he was 4 years
old.
A. up with
B. down on
C. across with
D. away from
4. If you don't _____your invention, other people may well take advantage of it.
A. discover
B. explore
C. patent
D. develop
5. Vivian said that she _____ Jim at the supermarket the previous day.
A. was meeting
B. had met
C. would meet
D. was going to meet
6. _____ create the applications or systems that run on a computer.
A. Computer manufacturers
B. Software developers
C. Archeologists
D. Conservationists
7. When I called them yesterday, they told me that they were going to the movies _____.
A. now
B. tonight
C. that night
D. the next day

8. Technological advancements have turned AI and robotics from science fiction to _____.
A. reality
B. benefit
C. quality
D. discovery
9. We'll have flying cars in the future, _____ we can travel much faster and further.
A. although
B. since
C. in order that
D. so that
10. “Modern technology saves us lots of time.” - “_____”
A. I think it's all right!
B. OK. That's all.
C. I can't agree with you more!
D. Not completely all.
11. Facebook was built on the ______ of earlier social network sites like MySpace and Bebo.
A. succeed
B. successful
C. successfully
D. success
12. It is thought that driverless cars will transform the way we move ______ cities in the future.
A. around
B. away
C. along
D. ahead
13. Little Pascal ______ a mechanical calculator which could do additions or subtractions very
quickly
A. discovered
B. found
C. found out
D. invented
14. Robots save workers from _______ dangerous tasks.
A. making
B. having
C. performing
D. carrying
15. Many people believe that robots have made workers jobless, _______ that is not necessarily true
A. but
B. and
C. so
D. or
16. Recent________ developments have made robots more user-friendly, and intelligent.
A. science
B. scientist
C. scientific
D. scientifically
17. Teenagers spend most of their time playing computer game; _______, they lose their interests in
daily activities.
A. moreover
B. so
C. however
D. as a result
18. Science and technology have _______ the life safe, secure and comfortable.
A. transformed
B. made
C. done
D. changed
19. Terrorists are using modern technology _______ their destructive work.
A. about
B. at
C. for
D. with
20. With the advance of the science and technology, our life changes greatly in various _______.
A. scenes
B. fields
C. sights
D. regions
IV. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
1. Science and technology are changing our lives__________ every field.
2. Some chemicals have damaging effect__________ the environment.
3. Is technology the key__________ success in the 21st century?
4. Science and technology bring a lot of benefits__________ people.
5. Engineers need to be good__________ Maths and Sciences.
6. Thomas Edison was responsible__________ more than one thousand inventions.
7. It's almost impossible to keep up__________ the latest developments in computing.
8. Will humans live__________ Mars someday?
9. Global communication was transformed by the invention__________ the Internet.
10. Thomas Edison was born__________ 1847__________ Ohio, USA.
V. Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Information technology__________ (change) over the past years due to user expectations.
2. __________ (you/ still plant) the trees if I join you at 3.30 this evening?
3. If we__________ (have) flying vehicles now, we could solve the problem of traffic jams.

4. John J. Stone-Parker__________ (patent) his invention when he was 4 years old.
5. The computer mouse__________ (invent) by Douglas Engelbart in 1964.
6. They said that they__________ (not be) to the art gallery for a long time.
7. I strongly believe there __________ (be) huge changes in the way we live in 10 years' time.
8. The planet Mars__________ (explore) remotely by spacecraft since the late 20th century.
9. The teacher told us that we__________ (may) choose any subject that we __________ (like) best.
10. When I called Jane at 4 o'clock yesterday evening, she said she__________ (work) then.
11. My brother is very creative. He is fond of__________ (write) poems and stories.
12. He planned__________ (turn out) minor inventions every ten days.
VI. Rewrite these statements as reported speech. Make all necessary changes.
1. The scientist: “Cloning will become more popular in the next century.”
-> The scientist said that __________________________________________________.
2. Dr. Nelson: “Every home will have at least one robot to perform any boring task."
-> Dr.Nelson said that ___________________________________________________.
3. Our teacher: “Parents do not allow children to play computer games for a long period of time.”
-> Our teacher told us that ________________________________________________.
4. The doctor: “Nutrition pills can cause serious side effects.”
-> The doctor told his patient that __________________________________________.
5. The physicist: “Nuclear power plants don't require a lot of space.”
-> The physicist said that ________________________________________________.
6. The politician: “Wrong decisions in Chernobyl caused a big nuclear explosion.”
-> The politician told the audience that _____________________________________.
7. “I didn't attend the meeting two days ago,” said Matt.
-> ___________________________________________________________________
8. “I can't chat because I am working now,” said John.
-> ___________________________________________________________________
9. “My brother wrote this book last year,” David said to me.
-> ___________________________________________________________________
10. Jane said to us, 'I'm having dinner with Rachel tomorrow.”
-> ___________________________________________________________________
11. “We've worked very hard today and it has paid off,” the students said.
-> ___________________________________________________________________
12. “I'll see you here next Friday,” Tom said to me.
-> ___________________________________________________________________
13. “We'll be writing to you later this week,” they said to Maria.
-> ___________________________________________________________________
14. “I don't know where Bill is living at the moment,” said Nicky.
-> ___________________________________________________________________
15. “My parents left for London at 5p.m yesterday,” Susan said.
-> ___________________________________________________________________
16. “I may see you next week before I leave,” Nick said to Sarah.
-> ___________________________________________________________________
17. “James Watt invented the steam engine in 1769.”
-> Ms. Elena told us that_________________________________________________

18. 'I'm reading a science book.”
-> She told me_________________________________________________________
19. “The 8.30 flight to Da Nang will be delayed for 2 hours.”
-> They announced that _________________________________________________
20. “We have applied a new production chain.”
-> The CEO of Volkswagen said that_______________________________________
21. “The invention of light bulb is very important.”
-> My teacher said that__________________________________________________
22. “My engineers can assemble 5 car engines a week.”
-> The director said that_________________________________________________
23. “I hope you will build the airport with lowest cost.”
-> The Prime Minister told foreign investors that_____________________________
24. “We plan to make the city a safer place for everyone.”
-> The local MP said that________________________________________________
25. “My family lived in Boston for five years.”
-> Carol said that______________________________________________________
26. “We may cut down on fossil fuels.”
-> They said that_______________________________________________________
VII. Underline the best option.
1. She said she was seeing her brother the following day / the previous day.
2. Mike said he had had / would have an accident the day before.
3. She said she didn't see / hadn't seen them since the previous week.
4. I met Tom two days ago and he said he was going to London tomorrow / the next day.
5. Erica told me she won't / wouldn't be back until the following Thursday.
6. John said he had worked for that company the year before / the year after.
7. Sam told the police he didn't know / hadn't known what had happened.
8. Harry told us he is / was catching the first bus to New York the next day.
9. My mother told me that if I ate / had eaten too much, I would feel ill.
10. When I rang her this morning, she told me that she was busy today / that day.
VIII. Supply the correct form of the words in brackets.
1.__________ is one of the compulsory subjects in high school. (chemist)
2. The moon landing launched a new era in space__________. (explore)
3. New__________ discoveries are made every day. (science)
4. Technology is making our kids__________. Children have become less likely to play outside.
(active)
5. Everyday life is constantly improving thanks to the ideas of famous __________ past and
present. (invent)
6. Science and Technology have enormous effects on economic__________. (develop)
7. I don't like this movie. Its dialogue sounds so__________. (nature)
8. Using computers has a ____________ effect on children's learning. (benefit)
9. Wildlife__________ are trying to save the whale from extinction. (conserve)
10. __________ progress has been so rapid over the last few years. (technology)
IX. Complete the dialogue with the appropriate sentences (A - G).
A. The technology they use in phones these days is amazing.

B. So, that's a negative too.
C. Wow, Nick is that a new phone?
D. Technologies always have both positive and negative aspects.
E. I totally agree.
F. Has it got the new high-tech camera?
G. Yep, that's a positive.
Mike: (1)_______________________________________________
Nick: Yep, brand new, state-of-the-art!
Mike: (2)_______________________________________________
Nick: Yeah, the software they use is really advanced. You can take portraits that look just like
they're from a much bigger camera.
Mike: I've seen them. (3)___________________________________
Nick: But of course, the impact of technology isn't always positive. Take something as simple as a
car. That's a type of technology that's made life easier.
Mike: (4)________________________________________________
Nick: But on the negative side, cars cause air pollution.
Mike: Yeah, and if you drive too much instead of walking, you might not get as much exercise.
(5)______________________________________________
Nick: So are mobile phones. Mobile phones help us to communicate with each other and access
information but too much screen time can be harmful, especially to children.
Mike: (6)___________________________________People nowadays are spending too much time
looking at a phone, a computer or a tablet.
Nick: Social media helps you keep in touch with your friends but it can also spread fake news and
encourage bullying.
Mike: You're right. (7)______________________________________
X. Complete the passage with the words from the box.
while
through
vision
network
communicate
invented
accessible
much
The Internet is a huge (1) __________ of computers all connected together, but it was the
world wide web that made the technology into something that linked information together and made
it (2) __________ to everyone.
The world wide web was (3) __________ by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 – originally he
was trying to find a new way for scientists to easily share the data from their experiments. BernersLee created the world wide web (4) __________ he was working at CERN, Switzerland. His (5)
__________ soon went beyond a network for scientists to share information, in that he wanted it to
be a universal and free 'information space' to share knowledge, to (6) __________, and to
collaborate.
The world wide web opened up the Internet to everyone, not just scientists. It connected the
world in a way that made it (7) __________ easier for people to get information, share, and
communicate. It has since allowed people to share their work and thoughts (8) __________ social
networking sites, blogs, video sharing, and more.
XI. Read the passage carefully, then do the tasks.
SMARTPHONE REVOLUTION
It was just over a decade ago when cell phones were primarily used for calling and sending
texts. Today, the uses of cell phones run the gamut. Phones do everything from taking highresolution pictures to watching pixel-perfect videos, browsing the Internet to playing graphicintensive games to monitoring your movements in addition to fulfilling basic communication needs.

The advent of smartphones has greatly simplified our lives. People now connect with their
loved ones more frequently and easily through video calls and instant messaging services. Tasks,
like creating slides, reading emails, and creating documents don't require a PC anymore. Briefly,
smartphone and apps have changed the way we work, communicate and play.
While the smartphone revolution has made our lives easy, it has also made us lazy. Today,
the whole world is at our fingertips, and thus we don't have to work or move around like we did
previously to get things done. Our inactive lifestyle and lack of physical activities can be partly
attributed to the over-dependence on smartphones. This is especially true for the younger
generation, who are constantly glued to their cell phones. Cell phone addiction is having a negative
impact on our lives. Care needs to be taken to deal with this issue in an effective way.
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. In the past, mobile phones were used only for communication among people.
2. Modern cell phones are capable of much more than just making phone calls.
3. Smartphones make communications with people quite easier.
4. Smartphone users, however, can't send and recieve emails on their phones.
5. Despite all the positive benefits of smartphones, there are also negative side effects.
6. Today we don't have to go to work because we have the whole world at our fingertips.
7. Only young people are now addicted to their mobile phones.
B. Answer the questions.
1. What were cell phones mainly used for?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Are modern cell phones capable of internet access?
___________________________________________________________________
3. How has the smartphone revolution changed our lives?
___________________________________________________________________
4. Do smartphones make us lazy and inactive?
___________________________________________________________________
5. How often do teenagers look at their cell phones?
___________________________________________________________________
6. Is smartphone overuse good or bad for us?
___________________________________________________________________
XII. Read the text, and complete the gaps (1-6) with the sentences (A-G). There is one sentence
that you do not need.
A. In I975, he taught architecture, but he continued to invent puzzles.
B. He did a number of different jobs and then became a journalist in the 1930s.
C. He was born in Budapest in 1944.
D. However, it didn't work because the ink was very thick.
E. In the 1970s, he worked as an architect and in his spare time he invented a mechanical
puzzle.
F. It quickly became popular all over the world.
G. If wasn't the only thing he invented.
TWO GREAT INVENTORS
László Biró was born in Budapest in 1899. After he left school, he studied medicine at
university, but he didn't finish his studies. (1) ________. He noticed that newspaper ink dried very
quickly on the paper, and put the ink into his fountain pen. (2) ________. He and his brother
Gyõrgy then invented a new type of pen with a small ball at the end. The new pen worked with the
thick ink. (3) ________. In 1939, Biró moved to Paris and then to Argentina. Biró invented many

other things but the most important was the ball-point pen, or “biro”. László Biró died in Buenos
Aires in 1985.
Emö Rubik's father was an engineer and his mother was a poet. (4) ________. After leaving
school, he studied architecture and design at the Technical University. (5) ________. Rubik called it
the “Magic Cube”. It soon became popular in Hungary and the rest of Europe. (6) ________. In the
early 1980s, the cube became popular in the USA too, and got a new name: “Rubik's Cube”. It is
the world's best-selling toy - some people say there are 300 million cubes in the world. Rubik
became very rich and went on to invent many more games and puzzles.
XIII. Read the article and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
If you've ever said, “I wish I knew where I was going” or “If only there were some ways to
find this address,” then it may be time to consider buying yourself a Global Positioning Systems, or
GPS.
Let's look at some of the uses of GPS device. Maybe you travel a lot by car and cannot look
at a paper map to find your way around. There is a GPS for cars that speaks to you and tells you
exactly how to get to your destination. Maybe you're a golfer who has lost his golf ball and you
need to find it on the field. There's a GPS for this. You're runner and want to track your speed,
distance, and the courses you run. Well, there's a GPS for this, too.
What kinds of GPS devices are there? Well, GPS devices come in all kinds of shapes and
sizes, and are available in a variety of prices. Some are small and can fit into a pocket, and others
are waterproof. And for people who don't like to carry anything extra with them, GPS systems are
also available on smart phones.
1. GPS is used to find out where you are going.
2. GPS cannot replace a paper map.
3. GPS can tell you how to get to a place while you are driving.
4. A GPS device can look for a small moving item.
5. A GPS device can track your speed, distance but not the directions you run.
6. GPS devices can be in all kinds of shapes and sizes.
7. You cannot use a GPS device in water.
8. There are also GPS devices for smart phones.
XIV. Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1. Because of the bad weather, the plane couldn't touch down. (IMPOSSIPLE)
-> Bad weather made it__________________________________________________
2. My brother likes Science fiction books very much. (FOND)
-> My brother_________________________________________________________
3. 'I've already see the New-Tech Exhibition.” (SAID)
-> Peter______________________________________________________________
4. “The plane will be leaving in thirty-five minutes.” (ANNOUNCED)
-> They______________________________________________________________
5. A robot will easily handled all household chores in the near future. (BE)
-> All household chores_________________________________________________
6. Thomas Edison established his first laboratory facility in 1876. (UP)
-> Thomas Edison______________________________________________________
7. “What about going to the Science and Technology Fair?” Mark said to me. (SHOULD)
-> Mark______________________________________________________________
8. Don't waste time persuading him to go with us. (WORTH)
-> It's________________________________________________________________

9. Why has no one thought of a way to make aircraft quieter? (COME)
-> Why______________________________________________________________
10. We arrived at the cinema, but the film had finished. (TIME)
-> By________________________________________________________________
XV. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one.
1. “There were no cell phones a long time ago!”
-> My grandmother said________________________________________________
2. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
-> The telephone______________________________________________________
3. Tablets aren't as convenient as smartphones.
-> Smartphones are much_______________________________________________
4. “I can't come in today, because I'm sick.”
-> Two days ago, Tom phoned me and said_________________________________
5. How long have you been working on this project?
-> When_____________________________________________________________
6. In spite of the freezing weather, we had a great holiday in Canada.
-> Even though _______________________________________________________
7. We found the exhibits shown in the Future World Exhibition very amazing.
-> We were__________________________________________________________
8. Maya told Sara that she had just talked to a robot in the exhibition.
-> Maya said to Sara, “_________________________________________________”
9. It's a shame I'm not able to come to your party on Saturday.
-> I wish_____________________________________________________________
10. Paula can't wait to hear the band's new album.
-> Paula is really looking________________________________________________