TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

Directed speech and reported speech
I. Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp
1. Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy (,)
hoặc dấu hai chấm (:).
- Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp.
Ex: “I don't like this party” Bill said.
2. Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói,
đôi khi không cần phải dung đúng những từ của người nói.
Ex: Bill said that he didn't like that party.
II. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “The Sun rises in the East”
My teacher of Geography says (that) the Sun rises in the East.
S1 + says (that) + S2 + V' + O'

III. Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ

Ex: Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.”
Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
* Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp (Statements in reported speech)
Statement

Reported speech
said/ to Sb (O) + That + S2V2
S1 + told (O)

S+V+O

talked

+ That + S2V2
+ about st

* Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought,
announced, explained, complained, believed…

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

EX:

They said, “We'll return to Paris next month”
- They said they would return to Paris the month after.

Những quy tắc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
Rule(Q
Tắc)

Direct speech (Trực tiếp)
Present simple (V/ Vs/es)

Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
Past simple (Ved)

Present progressive (is/ am/ are+Ving) Past progressive (was/ were+Ving)

1.
Verbs

Present perfect (have/ has+VpII)

Past perfect (had+VPII)

Past simple (Ved)

Past perfect (had +VpII)

Past progressive (was/ were +Ving)

Past progressive/

(Động
từ)

2.
Modal
verbs

Past perfect progressive (had +been
+Ving)
Past perfect

Past perfect

Future simple (will +V)

Future in the past (would +V)

Near future (is/ am/ are +going
to+V)

Was/ were +going to +V

Will

Would

Can

Could

May

Might

Must

Must/Had to

3.
This
Adverb
These
of place
Here

That

4.
Now
Adverb
Today
of time
Yesterday

Then

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

Those
There

That day
The day before/ the previous day

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

The day before yesterday

Two days before

Tomorrow

The day after/ the next (following)day

The day after tomorrow

Two days after/ in two days' time

Ago

Before

This week

That week

Last week

The week before/ the previous week

Last night

The night before

Next week

The week after/ the following week

5.
I/ me
Subject
We/ our
/Object
You/ you

She, he/ Her, him
They/ us
I, we/ me, us

*Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián tiếp
( Orders, requests, offers, advice… in indirect speech)
Order

Reported speech
Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive
S1 + Offered/recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive

V+O

*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded,
requested, begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded…

* Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
Questions

Reported speech

1. Yes/No questions
Auxiliary + S + V + O?

S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S2V2

(Do/does/did/had/will)
2. Wh – questions
WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O? S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired,
wondered, wanted to know…

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi
1. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện
tại
EX:

1. My father said “New York is bigger than London”
- My father said that New York is bigger than London
2. The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.
3. He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast.

2. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to,
used to, had better.
EX:

My friend said, “You had better contact with her”
- My friend said that I had better contact with her.

3. Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II.
He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn't wait”
- He said that if he were me he wouldn't wait.
4. Thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian các định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ
thời gian.
1. She said, “My mother arrived on Monday”
- She said that her mother arrived on Monday.
2. He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis”
- He said when he saw them they were playing tennis.
EXERCISES ON REPORTED SPEECH
I. Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
1.

She said,” I can't find my umbrella”

2.

They said, “We are learning English now”

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

3.

“ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said.

4.

“ I'll help my mum with housework this weekend”, she said

5.

“We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said

6.

“ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said

7.

“I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor.

8.

“ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to
his students

9.

“ I came back here early yesterday,” she said.

10.

“ I've broken the vase,” she said

11.

“ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl.

12.

He said to her, “You are my friend.”

13.

Johnny said to his mother, “I don't know how to do this exercise.”

14.

“We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren.

15.

Marry said, “My father died a year ago”.

16.

John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”.

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

17.

Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”.

18.

“I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend.

19.

He said, “I don't know what happened.”

20.

She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”

21.

He said, “I have a toothache.”

22.

She said, “I'll write him a prescription.”

23.

They said, “We're going to the drugstore.”

24.

He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”

25.

She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”

26.

He said, “I have received the envelope.”

27.

They said, “We visited Cannery Row.”

28.

She said, “I feel very sick.”

29.

He said, “I bought some popcorn.”

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

30.

They said, “We're flying to California.”

31.

He said, “I'm cutting off the main valve.”

32.

Nam said, “my uncle often plants the vegetables in the afternoon.”

33.

“My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said.

34.

“Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said.

35.

She said, “I often listen to music at night.”

36.

Lan's mother said, “ My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.”

37.

They said, “We have to do the assignments now.”

38.

Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.”

39.

They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.”

40.

Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”

II. Change the sentences below into direct speech.
1. My mother told me that she was sad then.

2. One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher.

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

3. The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day.
4. The film director said that she was willing to work then.

5. The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month.

6. Tom invited me to his birthday party.

7. She said the doctor had written her a prescription.

8. He said that he had a toothache.

9. She said she went to the museum every day.

10. They said they were going to the supermarket.

11. She said that the doctor had given her some pills.
.
III Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”.

2. She said to me: “bring me a book”.
3. Mother said to him: “open the window please!”.
4. He said to me: “shut the door after you”.

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

5. The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”.
6. She told her: “take it and come with me”.
7. He said to me: “don't come back before one o'clock”.
8. My mother told me: “don't forget to look at the door”.
9. He said to his brother: “don't open the window, open the door”.
10. He said to the girl: “don't sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”.
11. The teacher said: “I am a teacher”.
12. She said to me “I have a big house”
13. She said to me : “I am going to the party”.
14. She said to me: “I gave him your letter.”
15. She said: “I have finished my work.”
16. Nam said: “I am not a pupil.”
17. Nam said: “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city.”
18. He said to me: “I have gone to your house.”

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

19. She says: “I knew your difficulties.”
20. He said to me: “I gave him your present.”
21. He asked me: “Who is Oliver Twist?”
22. My mother asked me: “What's the matter with you?”
23. I asked him: “Which book do you find?”
24. He asked me: “When do you finish your work?”
25. Mai asked me: “Why didn't you come?”
26. She says: “She had a wonderful evening.”
27. The teacher tells us: “You should learn harder and harder.”
28. My mother says that: “We are having a party tomorrow.”
29. I say to him: “Our teacher will come on time.”
30. Mai's parents say that: “We are going to invite twenty guests to the party.

IV. Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. “Open the door,” he said to them.
-He told them

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
-He asked her where
3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.
-He asked
4. “Bring it back if it doesn't fit”, I said to her.
-I told
5. “Don't try to open it now,” she said to us.
-She told
6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.
-I asked her
7. “He's not at home”, she said.
-She said that
8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.
-The girl wanted to know
9. “Don't stay out late, Ann” Tom said.
-Tom told Ann
10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her.
-He asked
11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.
-Thomas asked Jean
12. Don't leave the window open, Mary”, I said.
-I told Mary
13. “I'll have a cup of tea with you,” she said.
She said that
14. “I'll pay him if I can” she said.
-She said that
15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.
- She asked us
16. “I'll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack.
-He told Jack that
17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.
-Tom asked Jean
18. “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said.
-He said that

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

19. “Don't keep the door locked,” he said to us.
-He told us
20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him.
-I asked him how long
21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.
-She wanted to know
22. “Don't use too much hot water,” she said to us.
-She asked us
23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me.
-She invited me
24. “Don't do it again,” she said to them.
She told them
25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.
-She asked
26. “Don't get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said.
-She told.
27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.
-Mary asked
28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.
- Peter asked if
29. “Why didn't I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
-The office manager wondered
30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,'' said John.
-John advised Elizabeth
31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John.
-John accused
32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary.
-Mary accused
33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.
-The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley
34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said.
-The doctor advised

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself.
-Tim wondered
36. “I'm sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan.
-Paul apologized
37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.
- Martha asked Peter when
38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother.
-Anna asked
39. “Don't leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said.
- William's mother told
40. “Don't bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers to her son.
-Mrs. Rogers told
41. “I've seen the film three times, Mary” said George.
-George said
42. “I'm sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I'm afraid I've damaged your car.
-Martin apologized
43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.
-The landlady asked
44. “ John, please don't tell anyone my new address,” said Mary.
-Mary asked
45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice.
-The notice said that
46. “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”
-I asked
47. “Don't forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow”
- She reminded me
48. “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys.
-The teacher told the boys
49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.
- The interviewer asked
50. “Why didn't you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened
witness.
- The officer wanted to know
V. Rewrite the following sentences using questions words + to-infinitives.

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

1. They don't know where they should put the sofa.
2. The rules didn't specify who I should speak to in case of an emergency.

3. Huyen My wondered how she could ride the scooter.

4. Let us decide when we should start the project.

5. Could you tell me where I can find a good hotel?

6. Does he know what he should look for?

-The end-

ĐÁP ÁN
I. Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
1. She said that she couldn't fine her umbrella
2. They said that they were learning English then
3. Tom said that his friend is coming the following week
4. She said that she would help her mum with housework that weekend
5. They said that they could overcome that difficulty
6. My friend said that her father was a doctor there
7. The boy said to his neighbor that he was going on holiday the next day
8. The teacher said to his students that you would have to finish all those exercises before
the following week
9. She said that she had come back there early the day before
10. She said that she had broken the vase
11. The boy said to the girl that he would never see her again

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

12. He said to her that she was his friend
14. The children said that they were waiting for the school bus
15. Marry said that her father had died the previous year
16. John said that he had finished studying his lesson
17. Mary said to John that she couldn't go to the movies with him
18. Mary said to her friend that she could expect to see her the following Wednesday.
19. He said that he didn't know what happened
20. She said that she had gone to the doctor the day before
21. He said that he had a toothache
22. She said that she would write him a prescription
23. They said that they were doing to the drugstore
24. He said that the doctor had given him some pills
25. She said that she went to the supermarket every day
26. He said that he had received the envelope
27. They said that they had visited Cannery Row
28. She said that she felt very sick
29. He said that he had bought some popcorn
30. They said that they were flying to California
31. He said that he was cutting off the main valve
32. Nam said that his uncle often planted the vegetables in the afternoon
33. She said that her uncle wouldn't plant the vegetables the next day afternoon
34. Nga said that Mr and Mrs Pike had just read those newspapers
35. She said that she often listened to music at night
36. Lan's mother said that her daughter usually brushed her teeth before meals
37. They said they had to do the assignments then
38. Lan says her sister seldom rode a bike to school
39. They said that their teacher sometimes explained the difficult lesson

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

40. Nam said that he was doing his homework then
II. Change the sentences below into direct speech.
1. My mother said, “ I am sad now”
2. One of my friends said, “I like learning English with my teacher”
3. The doctor said, “I can leave the hospital today”
4. The film director said “I am willing to work now”
5. The teacher said to his students, “You will be busy next month”
6. “Would you like to come to my birthday party?” Tom asked me
7. She said, “The doctor wrote me a prescription”
8. He said “I have a toothache”
9. She said, “I go to the museum every day”
10. They said, “ we are going to the supermarket”
11. She said, “the doctor gave me some pills”
IV. Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1. He told them to open the door.
2. He asked her where she was going.
3. He asked me which way they had gone.
4. I told her to bring it back if it didn't fit.
5. She told us not to try to open it then.
6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.
7. She said that he was not at home.
8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.
9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.
10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.
11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.
12. I told Mary not to leave the window open.
13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.
14. She said that she would pay him if she could.

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.
16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.
17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.
18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.
19. He told us not to keep the door locked.
20. I asked him how long he was going to stay.
21. She wanted to know whether I was going by train.
22. She asked us not to use too much hot water.
23. She invited me to come to her party.
24. She told them not to do it again.
25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes to me.
26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.
27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.
28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.
29. The office manager wondered why he hadn't got a computer before.
30. John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money.
31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette.
32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.
33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born.
34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take more exercise.
35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job.
36. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number.
37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.
38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle.
39. William's mother told him not to leave the house until she got back.
40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite his nails.
41. George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times.
42. Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car.
43. The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch.

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .

TRẦN NGỌC MINH THÔNG – VIOLET – THCS NGUYỄN TRÃI LX,AG

44. Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address.
45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.
46. I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was.
47. She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day.
48. The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall.
49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000.
50. The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn't reported the incident
to the police.
V. Rewrite the following sentences using questions words + to-infinitives.
1. They don't know where to put the sofa.
2. The rules didn't specify who to speak in case of an emergency.
3. Huyen My wondered how to ride the scooter.
4. Let us decide when to start the project.
5. Could you tell me where to find a good hotel?
6. Does he know what to look for?

LƯU Ý : CẤM SAO CHÉP BẢN QUYỀN .