Chuyên đề bồi dưỡng HSG và Luyện thi chuyên anh dài gần 300 Trang do nhóm Giáo viên
trường chuyên thực hiện sẽ là tài liệu quý giá để giúp các em học sinh và thầy cô giáo ôn luyện,
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Lời nói đầu
Các bạn thân mến !
Khi các bạn cầm trên tay tài liệu này tôi cảm thấy rất vui vì chúng ta đã tìm thấy nhau.Các bài thi Học
sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh và các bài thi vào Trường chuyên, lớp chọn luôn luôn là các bài thi đầy khó khăn,
thử thách nhưng cũng đầy hấp dẫn đối với các em có niềm đam mê học Tiếng Anh và muốn học Tiếng
Anh giỏi để có thể sử dụng Tiếng Anh tốt trong công việc tương lai của mình.
Một số em có thể chưa đạt được kết quả cao trong các kỳ thi Học sinh giỏi có lẽ vì các em chưa được
cung cấp các kiến thức nâng cao của chương trình học một cách đầy đủ, cũng có thể các em ch ưa có k ỹ
năng làm bài thi và cũng chưa quen các dạng bài thi. Chính vì thế, cuốn “Giáo trình bồi dưỡng Học
Sinh Giỏi và Chuyên Anh cấp THCS” được biên sọan với mục đích giúp các em học sinh có thể tự
mình đào sâu kiến thức trên nền tảng kiến thức sách giáo khoa, tự mở rộng kiến thức ngôn ngữ, tự ôn
luyện các dạng bài thi phổ biến của các kỳ thi học sinh giỏi để có thể tham gia và đạt kết quả cao trong
các kỳ thi Học sinh giỏi và các kỳ thi vào trường chuyên Anh, lớp chọn. Cuốn sách cũng sẽ giúp các em
phổ thông cơ sở tự trang bị cho mình một vốn kiến nâng cao, để sau này có thể tham gia các kỳ thi vào
Cao đẳng, Đại học hay tham gia các kỳ thi Tiếng Anh mang tầm quốc tế.
Cuốn sách bao gồm 7 chuyên đề chính được phân chia đúng cấu trúc của các bài thi học sinh giỏi mà các
Trường, các Thành phố, các Sở GD (các Tỉnh) hay sử dụng trong các bài thi… Ngữ Pháp, Từ Vựng,
Ngữ Âm, Kỹ năng Nghe, Nói, Đọc, Viết đặc biệt có tích hợp File nghe trong giáo trình đầy đủ giúp các
em dễ dàng ôn luyện gặt hái nhiều thành công…

Nhóm Giáo Viên Trường Chuyên Thực Hiện

Contents
Part I
Part II
1

Word Formations
Confusing Words

CHAPTER I : VOCABULARY

Page
4
12

Chuyên đề bồi dưỡng HSG và Luyện thi chuyên anh dài gần 300 Trang do nhóm Giáo viên
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Part III
Phrasal Verbs
24
Part IV
Collocations
33
Part V
Idioms
41
CHAPTER II : GRAMMARS
Part I
Tenses and Sequence of Tenses
51
Part II
Subject and Verb Concord
59
Part III Active voice and Passive voice in English
63
Part IV Direct and Indirect Speech in English
70
Part V
Conditional Sentences
78
Part VI Subjunctive
85
Part VII Relative Clauses
91
Part VIII Modal Verbs
98
Part IX
Inversion and Emphasis in English
106
Part X
Conectives
115
Part XI
Adjective, Adverb and Comparison
127
Part XII Gerund and Infinitive Verbs
133
Part XIII Mixed sentence writing exercises (Advanced)
147
CHAPTER III : PHONETICS
Part I
Pronunciations
156
Part II
Stress
162
CHAPTER IV : COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Theory and Practice
167
CHAPTER V : COMPREHENSIVE READING
Skill/Theory/Practice
178
CHAPTER VI : WRITING SKILLS
Part I
Overview of Letter
198
Part II
Overview of a Paragraph
211
Part III Essay Writing Overview
223
CHAPTER VII : LISTENING SKILLS
Part I
Overview of Listening Skills
235
Part II
Practices
238

2

Chuyên đề bồi dưỡng HSG và Luyện thi chuyên anh dài gần 300 Trang do nhóm Giáo viên
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CHAPTER I : VOCABULARY

PART I : WORD FORMATIONS

THEORY
1. Ví trí, chức năng và dấu hiệu nhận biết từ loại
DANH TỪ(NOUN)
Vị trí của danh từ trong câu.
1. Chủ ngữ của câu (đầu cầu, đầu mệnh đề)
Maths is the subject I like best
2.Sau tính từ (good, beautiful..),
She is a good teacher.
Sau tính từ sở hữu (my, your, his, her,..).
His father works in hospital.
Cụm danh từ: a/ an the + (adv) + adj + N.
3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ
I like English.
We are students.
4. Sau "enough" (enough +N)
He didn't have enough money to buy that car.
5. Sau các mạo từ (a, an, the)
She is a teacher.
Đại từ chỉ định (this, that, these, those);
This book is an interesting book.
I have a little money to go to the movie.
Lượng từ (each, no, any, a few, a little,..)
6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, at...
Thanh is good at literature.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết danh từ
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-ion (distribution), -ment (development), -er (teacher) , -or (actor), -ant (accountant), -age
(marriage), -ship (friendship), -sm (enthusiasm), -ity (ability), -ness (happiness), -dom
(freedom), -ist (terrorist), -ian (physician), -hood (childhood), -ance (importance), -ence
(dependence), -ety (society), -ty (honesty)
TÍNH TỪ(ADJECTIVE)
Vị trí của tính từ trong câu
1. Trước danh từ: (a/an/the) + (adv) + adj + N My Tam is a famous singer.
2. Sau động từ liên kết: be/ seem/ appear/
Tom seems tired now
feel/ taste/ look/ keep/get/ keep/ make (sb) + The homework keeps me busy all the time
adj
3. Sau "too": S+ be/ seem/look..+ too +adj..
Coffee seems too hot for me to drink.
4. Trước “enough": S + be + adj + enough..
She is tall enough to play volleyball.
5. Trong cấu trúc: so + adj + that
The weather was so bad that we decided to stay
at home
6. Dùng dưới các dạng so sánh
Meat is more expensive than fish.
7. Dùng trong câu cảm thán:
How intelligent she is!
How + adj +S+V!
What a beautiful girl!
What + (a/an) + adj +N!
Dấu hiệu nhận biết tính từ
-ful (helpful), -less (homeless), -ly (friendly), -al (national), -ble (acceptable), -ive (active), -ous
(famous), -ish (selfish), -y (foggy), -like (childlike), -ic (scientific), -ed (bored), -ing (interesting), ary (necessary), -ant (important), -ent (different)
TRẠNG TỪ
Vị trí của trạng từ trong câu
1. Trước động từ thường giữa trợ động từ và They seldom get up early in the morning.
động từ thường (đặc biệt là các trạng từ chỉ
I have recently finished my homework.
tần suất: always, usually,...)
I don't usually go to school late.
2. Trước tính từ: be/ feel/look.. + adv + adj
She is very nice.
He looks extremely unwell.
3. Sau "too": V(thường) + too + adv !
The teacher speaks too quickly.
4. Trước "enough": V(thường) + adv + enough The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to
understand.
5. Trong cấu trúc : V(thường) + so + adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
6. Đứng cuối câu (trạng từ thời gian)
I finished my essay last week.
7. Thường đứng 1 mình ở đầu câu/ giữa câu
Last summer I came back my home country.
và cách các thành phần khác của câu bằng dấu Its raining hard. Tom, however, goes to school.
“,”
Dấu hiệu nhận biết trạng từ:
Adv = adj + ly (beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly)
Ngoại lệ: Một số từ có đuôi “ly” nhưng là tính từ: daily: hàng ngày, early: sớm; elderly: già, lớn
tuổi; friendly: thân thiện, likely: có khả năng sẽ xảy ra; costly = đắt đỏ; lively = sinh động,
lonely
lẻ loi, lovely = đáng yêu, manly = nam tính; silly = ngớ ngẩn; ugly = xấu xí; unlikely: không có
khả năng xảy ra; monthly: hàng tháng; weekly: hàng tuần, brotherly = như anh em; comely =
duyên dáng; goodly = có duyên; homely =giản dị, lowly = hèn mọn, masterly = tài giỏi;
scholarly uyên bác; shapely = dáng đẹp, timely = đúng lúc; unseemly = không phù hợp.
ĐỘNG TỪ
Vị trí của trạng từ trong câu
1. Thường đứng sau chủ ngữ
Lam Anh plays volleyball everyday.
2. Đứng sau trạng từ chỉ tần suất
I usually get up late.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết động từ
4

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-ate (compensate), -ain (maintain); -flect (reflect), -flict (inflict); -spect (respect), -scrib (describe), ceive (deceive), -fy (modify), -isel-ize (realize), -ude (include), -ide (devide), dus (evade), -tend
(extend),...
PRACTICES
 Dạng bài tập cơ bản
Use the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the following sentences.
1. There are some _____________ to every grammatical rule.
EXCEPT
GROW
2. The engineering sector achieved significant _____________ last year.
3. I have a _____________ of old records from my grandma.
COLLECT
SURE
4. He'll _____________ be coming later.
5. Eric Clapton's guitar solos are _____________.
LEGEND
ENJOY
6. It was one of the most _____________ plays I've seen recently.
7. In her time, Marilyn Monroe was a very _____________ actress.
GLAMOUR
POSSIBLE
8. It's_____________to tell whether he's lying or not.
9. He's no worldwide star, but he had very humble _____________.
BEGIN
MEASURE
10. They took _____________ of noise levels inside the building.
11. He's a really _____________ person.
RELY
OBSERVE
12. She made several excellent _____________ in her essay on Charles Dickens.
13. Watching TV shows in English is definitely very _____________ to improve
USE
your listening skills.
INVENT
14. The Internet is probably one of the best _____________ ever.
15. The boat was 16 feet in _____________.
LONG
ACCURATE
16. Both _____________ and fluency are important when speaking a foreign
language.
17. You shouldn't have said that! It was a totally _____________ remark.
APPROPRIATE
IMPORTANT
18. Since the earliest times, civilisations have understood the _____________ of
time.
19. Doing puzzles keeps our brains fit and _____________.
HEALTH
20. As well as gaining _____________, by doing puzzles we give our brains a
SATISFY
good workout.
21. The most _____________ games have sold in the millions.
SUCCESS
22. People have _____________ that doing puzzles is good for you.
COVER
23. It's easy to find a _____________ to the problems posed.
SOLVE
24. There has been an _____________ in the power of their brains.
IMPROVE
25. Some _____________ argue that the brain gets better at a task the more it
SCIENCE
repeats it.
26. The improvement in the _____________is something that happens naturally. PERFORM
27. It remains _____________ whether puzzles are actually helping to boost
CERTAIN
brainpower or not.
28. According to _____________, most people sleep less than 8 hours every day. SEARCH
29. The advice passed down to our grandparents may contain some
TRUE
_____________.
30. A good example is the_____________between being cold and catching a
RELATION
cold.
31. These high-heeled shoes are _____________ for such rough terrain.
SUIT
32. Colds are caused by viruses, so in the _____________ of a virus, you can't
ABSENT
catch a cold.
33. You're too young. This film is _____________ for children your age.
APPROPRIATE
34. _____________ now think that we may have viruses in our bodies already.
SCIENCE
35. In cold weather, for example, blood vessels in the nose get smaller to stop
FORTUNATE
heat escaping. _____________, this also allows the cold virus to attack the nose
or throat more easily.
5

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36. Victoria Falls in Africa is one of the most _____________sights in the world.
SPECTACLE
37. It's also an _____________ place for water sports.
CREDIBLE
38. We need you to provide an accurate _____________ of the situation.
DESCRIBE
39. On arrival, it's the noise that makes the greatest_____________.
IMPRESS
40. The _____________ landscape is also well worth a visit.
SURROUND
41. There's a post office a bit _____________down the road.
FAR
42. Six months after the accident, he still has _____________ walking.
DIFFICULT
43. I can't play tennis that well because I'm a _____________.
BEGIN
44. Don't go there. It's _____________.
DANGER
45. Read this. It'll be very _____________ for your trip to Australia.
USE
46. I didn't find him that _____________, but my friend did.
ATTRACT
47. The school has a _____________ for being very up-to-date with technology.
REPUTE
48. These are _____________clothes and that's why they are very expensive.
DESIGN
49. I left the party because it was _____________ noisy in there.
EXTREME
50. I had no _____________but to tell him.
CHOOSE
51. This cloth is made from _____________ fibers.
NATURE
52. If you want to take care of the environment, it's important to _____________. CYCLE
53. In the next few years, _____________ will hopefully have found a cure for
SCIENCE
malaria.
54. According to the _____________, the epidemic started in Kuala Lumpur.
SEARCH
55. _____________from family and friends can lead to feelings of anxiety.
ISOLATE
56. I was _____________ to understand what the problem was.
ABLE
57. There will be a _____________of solo games and competitive games
MIX
available.
58. Participants will later be asked for _____________ on the event.
FEED
59. It was an_____________reunion and we were all really touched when we
EMOTION
remembered how we had met.
60. I am writing to ask for further _____________ on your Open Day.
INFORM
61. This took place at the end of the _____________ century.
TWENTY
62. People really _____________the party.
JOY
63. Meditation is great as a means of _____________.
RELAX
64. This method is a lot more _____________than the previous one.
EFFECT
65. Picasso was a Spanish _____________who also lived in France.
ART
66. There has been little _____________ in the negotiations since January.
MOVE
67. _____________ enough, I didn't know she already had four children.
SURPRISE
68. His voice was_____________recognizable.
INSTANT
69. The only cure for _____________ is creativity.
BORE
70. This is a textile company _____________ in denim.
SPECIAL
71. _____________is a part of life, but you have to be able to enjoy the others too. SAD
72. Without that, I wouldn't be happy even if I was the _____________ man in
RICH
the world.
DEAF
73. The music in the festival was so loud. It was _____________!
74. I don't think my marks can get _____________ because I already study to the HIGH
best of my abilities.
LARGE
75. The _____________ river fish in Europe lives in Spain!
76. Passeig de Gràcia is being _____________ so there is more room for people to WIDE
walk on the pavement.
SURE
77. I can _____________ that if you study you will have no problems passing
this test.
78. Nowadays there are lots of _____________ species of animals in the world,
DANGER
for example, the panda.
COURAGE
79. I was _____________ to take the driving test by my friends.
6

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80. I see they've finally got round to _____________ the Shoreham road.
WIDE
81. The teacher asked us to _____________ the main ideas in the chapter we had SUMMARY
read in class.
82. The top manager of the shop told me that my credit card was not
VALIDATE
_____________ to pay for the jeans which cost under 20€.
83. Art in the 20th century is usually referred to as _____________ art.
MODERNIZE
COMMERCE
84. Everybody listens to David Guetta's music. It's so _____________.
85. Butterflies are thoroughly_____________by scientists.
CLASS
EXAMPLE
86. She _____________ the qualities of a good leader.
87. Many people don't understand the _____________ of life.
SIMPLE
IDENTITY
88. It's impossible to tell those twins apart! They are _____________.
89. He made several wrong_____________about women.
GENERAL
DIFFERENCE
90. It was hard to _____________ between the two styles of music.
91. He hasn't finished the preparation course, so he's not_____________for this
QUALIFY
job.
CAPTIVE
92. She was _____________ by the colour of the plant.
93. At the auction, Elton John's car was _____________ at 1 million euros.
VALUE
ASSASSIN
94. The _____________ took place next door at 2 am.
95. The main _____________ of this painting are its bright colours and its sense
CHARACTER
of perspective.
STABLE
96. _____________ is important in a relationship.
97. Despite his _____________ with that type of vehicle, he had an accident
FAMILIAR
because a cat made him crash into a tree.
DOMINANT
98. At the best moment of its empire, Rome had _____________ over all the
Mediterranean.
99. Nowadays almost everything can be _____________ thanks to the use of
COMPUTER
technology.
STRONG
100. I wish I had the _____________ to do that.
 Dạng bài tập nâng cao
Complete the passage using the correct form of the words in the capital letters.
Exercise 1
To neighbors, Mr Stewart is a dull man who speaks very_________(1)and
(1)POLITE
whose only form_________(2)is his job. And to a certain extent it's true,
(2)ENTERTAIN
since Mr Stewart finds his job very_________(3)He is an antique dealer and
(3)INTEREST
goes to work_________(4)every day. He handles some
(4)HAPPY
very_________(5)pieces sometimes, which can make his job_________(6)as
(5)EXPENSE
there have recently been quite a few _________(7)at antique shops. So not
(6)DANGER
_________(8), Mr Stewart decided that his own business needed some extra (7)ROB
_________(9)After having an alarm system put in, Mr Stewart doesn't feel
(8)SURPRISE
_________(10)secure but he does feel more protected.
(9)PROTECT
(10)COMPLETE
Exercise 2
You may know that Asian, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cultures
(1)TRADITION
have _________(1)used garlic in their dishes. What you may not know is
(2)VALUE
that garlic was also thought of as a _________(2)medicine by many ancient
(3)PROFESSION
civilisations. Today, _________(3)in the field of nutrition have come up with (4)INFORM
new_________(4)which is indeed quite surprising. Apparently, not only is
(5)ILL
garlic good for you but it also helps overcome various _________(5)The
(6)ADVANTAGE
main _________(6)to eating garlic is of course bad _________(7)Cooking it
(7)BREATH
reduces the strong smell and eating parsley, which is a
(8)NATURE
_________(8)deodoriser, also helps minimise the smell. So, it's time we took (9)SERIOUS
the benefits of g arlic_________(9)Why not add it to some of your
(10)FAVOUR
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_________(10)dishes!
Exercise 3
Being a _________(1), I often have to go on strange assignments. So when
(1)JOURNAL
my editor told me to do a story on one of the _________(2)health spas in
(2)FAME
Switzerland, I was only too happy to go and take it easy for a week or two.
(3)VARY
However, when I got there and saw the programme, I began to panic. I had (4)ANGRY
to go on a diet and participate in a _________(3)of exercise classes. My
(5)BUILD
_________(4)turned to rage when they insisted I go to bed very early so as
(6)ORGANIZE
to get up at 6:00 a. m. and eat breakfast in a _________(5)which looked like a (7)NEIGHBOUR
greenhouse. I must admit that they ran an excellent _________(6)Anyway,
(8)INVITE
you can imagine how happy I was to see my familiar _________(7)when I
(9)AMUSE
finally arrived home. A few months later, I received an _________(8)rom the (10)FRIGHT
same clinic for a week's worth of free treatment. My family thought it rather
_________(9)when they saw the_________(10)look on my face.
Exercise 4
My father was a police _________(1), my mother a _________(2)Their
_________(3)to move to a small town when I was a child changed my life. It
was a very _________(4)place and of course living there meant that I had
much more _________(5)to go wherever I pleased. The people were
_________(6)but I missed my close friends, my school and
the_________(7)city I had lived in. As I grew up, I realized that there wasn't
much for a young person to do there, except rush into _________(8). When I
left, my parents were sad, but they realized that staying there would only
make me _________(9)The big city I live in now is not very far away, so I
can visit my parents _________(10)and have the best of both worlds.
Exercise 5
The economic crisis facing many countries today, has created serious
_________(1)problems. _________(2)young people, willing to work, are
confronted by many _________(3)when trying to find a job. Filling in
countless _________(4)forms and hearing that they are _________(5)for the
job because they don't have the right _________(6)can be disheartening.
Finding a job seems just _________(7)However, their _________(8)shouldn't
affect them nor make them give up. There is no straightforward
_________(9)other than _________(10)and persistence.
Exercise 6
There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of today. Such is
the pressure heaped on many school-goers to achieve academic excellence
by their parents that these _________ (1) expectations are causing children
to become hopelessly depressed. Indeed, some, in their_________ (2) to
escape and their sense of guilt at being unable reach the levels of success
demanded of them by their _________ (3) parents, either rebel in what is
_________ (4) to a cry for help, or, worse still, engage in _________ (5). It is
no coincidence that suicide rates, expecially amongst young males, have
been rising steadily for some time now. These are tough times to be a teen.
Then there are those who get hooked on the internet; the _________ (6)
world becomes their reality. For these teens, their social circle shrinks
_________ (7) until, at last, their friendship sphere is limited solely to their
online _________ (8). Not alone do they commonly suffer from sleep
_________ (9) on account of their destructive addiction to game play and
8

(1) INSPECT
(2) TEACH)
(3) DECIDE
(4) PEACE
(5) FREE
(6) FRIEND
(7) NOISE
(8) MARRY
(9) MISERY
(10) FREQUENT
(1)EMPLOY
(2) ENERGY
(3) DIFFICULT
(4) APPLY
(5) SUIT
(6) QUALIFY
(7) POSSIBLE
(8) DISAPPOINT
(9) SOLVE
(10) PATIENT
(1) REAL
(2) DESPAIR
(3) PUSH
(4) AMOUNT
(5) HARM
(6) VIRTUE
(7) DRAMA
(8) BUD
(9) PRIVATE
(10) ERR
(11) SOCIAL
(12) ROCKET

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net-surfing, their behaviour may become so _________ (10) and peculiar
over time as to be considered _________ (11) . And while they sit at their
computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation from the real world,
such is the lack of exercise they get that their calorie intake far exceeds what
is necessary for them to maintain a stable weight. In essence, due to their
sedentary lifestyle, their weight _________ (12) until such time as they
become morbidly obese.
Exercise 7
The standard of television programming produced in this country is in
terminal decline. The _________ (1) has become a meaningless term
confined in its _________ (2) to _________ (3) days when adult content felt
the full force of censorship and was not allowed to appear on the box until
after 9:00 p.m. Nowadays, however, it seems anything goes any time. And,
truth told, whatever anything is, it seldom 'goes' for much longer than a
half hour or so at any rate before it is interrupted by a commercial break.
And don't even get me started on those appalling _________ (4) most of the
networks run right the way through the night, one after another, for up to
thirty minutes at a time. lt is truly painful. Terrestrial television is now, as
far as I am concerned, a laughing stock. All the quality has been bought up
by the satellite networks, with their big-money weight behind them, but
even here _________ (5) are slim. In protest at the dire state of things, I have
become a converted _________ (6). I look to the web now to find good
content. There, I can find just enough _________ (7) of quality programmes
to prevent myself from falling into utter despair and pining for the good old
days of _________ (8).
Exercise 8
In January 2001, the _________ (1) Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued
its latest report on climate change. Climate models worked out by giant
super-computers had become far more reliable since the previous report in
1995 and allowed them to _________ (2) the earlier projections for global
warming. Their conclusions were that something very serious is happening
and that it cannot be a natural process. The 1990s was the hottest decade for
1,000 years and the Earth is warming faster than at any time in the last
10,000 years. According to the report, human activities are _________ (3) to
blame for the temperature rise. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon
dioxide and, due to deforestation, there are fewer trees to absorb this gas
and recycle it back into oxygen. Methane _________ (4) have also gone up
dramatically because of increases in rice culture and _________ (5), both of
which generate methane from _________ (6) vegetation. These greenhouses
gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise.
In the worst case, the resulting melting of ice-caps and glaciers would cause
sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm, endangering the homes and _________ (7)
of tens of millions of people who live in low-lying regions.
Unfortunately, there is far greater _________ (8) among the world's
scientists over the issue than among politicians. As long ago as 1990, the
IPCC recommended a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide _________ (9), as the
basic level required to return the planet's climate to a healthy level.
Governments globally failed to _________ (10) these proposals. Now that
the dangers have been reaffirmed by the latest report, it is high time that
governments took an active interest in exploring alternative, renewable
9

(1) SHED
(2) APPLY
(3) GO
(4) INFORM
(5) PICK
(6) NET
(7) RUN
(8) YEAR

(1) GOVERN
(2) PRAISE
(3) EQUIVOCATE
(4) CONCENTRATE
(5) CATTLE
(6) COMPOSE
(7) LIVELY
(8) UNANIMOUS
(9) EMIT
(10) ACT

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energy sources.
Exercise 9
People intuitively recognize the importance of self-esteem to their
psychological health, so it isn't particularly remarkable that most of us try
to protect and enhance it in ourselves whenever possible. What is
remarkable is that attention to self-esteem has become a(n) _________(1)
concern, at least for Americans, who see a favorable opinion of oneself as
the central psychological source from which all manner of positive
outcomes spring. The corollary, that low self-esteem lies at the root of
individual and thus _________(2) problems and _________(3), has sustained
an ambitious social agenda for decades. Indeed, campaigns to raise people's
sense of self-worth abound. Consider what transpired in California in the
late 1980s. Prodded by State Assemblyman John Vasconcellos, Governor
George Deukmejian set up a task force on self-esteem and personal and
social responsibility. Vasconcellos argued that raising self-esteem in young
people would reduce crime, teen pregnancy, drug abuse, school
_________(4) and pollution. At one point, he even expressed the hope that
these efforts would one day help balance the state budget, a prospect
predicated on the observation that people with high _________(5) earn more
than others and thus pay more in taxes. Along with its other activities, the
task force assembled a team of scholars to survey the relevant literature.
The results appeared in a 1989 volume _________(6) The Social Importance
of Self-Esteem, which stated that "many, if not most, of the major problems
plaguing society have roots in the low self-esteem of many of the people
who make up society." In reality, the report contained little to support that
assertion.
Exercise 10
Pop art was a(n) _________(1) art style in which _________(2) objects such
as comic strips, soup cans and road signs were used as subject matter, and
were often incorporated into the work. The pop art movement was largely a
British and American cultural phenomenon of the late 1950s and '60s. Art
critic Lawrence Alloway, referring to the prosaic _________(3) of its
painting and sculpture, named the movement pop art. It represented an
attempt to return to a more objective and _________(4) accepted form of art
after the dominance in both the United States and Europe of the highly
personal abstract _________(5). The art form was iconoclastic, rejecting the
_________(6) of the 'high art' of the past and the _________(7) of other
contemporary avant-garde art. Pop art became a cultural institution because
of its close reflection of a particular social situation and because its easily
_________(8) images were immediately exploited by the mass media.
Although the critics of pop art describe it as sensational and non-aesthetic,
its proponents saw it as an art that was democratic and not _________(9),
bringing together both connoisseurs and untrained inexperienced viewers.
Even though public reaction to pop art was _________(10), it found critical
acceptance as a form of art suited to the highly technological, mass mediaoriented society of western countries.

10

(1) COMMUNE
(2)SOCIETY
(3) FUNCTION
(4) ACHIEVE
(5) REGARD
(6) TITLE

(1) CONVENTION
(2) COMMON
(3) ICON
(4) UNIVERSE
(5) EXPRESS
(6) SUPREME
(7) PRETEND
(8) COMPREHEND
(9) DISCRIMINATE
(10) FAVOUR

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PART II : CONFUSING WORDS

THEORY
BẢNG PHÂN BIỆT CÁC TỪ GÂY NHẦM LẪN THƯỜNG GẶP.
STT
TỪ DỄ NHẦM
NGHĨA
1
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