TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI LỚP 12 (CHƯƠNG TRÌNH MỚI) DÙNG CHUNG 3 BỘ SGK
HƯỚNG TỚI KỲ THI THPTQG 2025
MÔN: TIẾNG ANH
GLOBAL SUCCESS

BỘ SÁCH

UNIT 4. URBANISATION
(TỪ VỰNG + NGỮ PHÁP + BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ FORM 2025)
THPTQG2025
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PART I. VOCABULARY

1. Urban

Part of
speech
(adj)

2. Urbanisation

(noun)

/ˌɜː.bən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

3. Neighbourhood

(noun)

/ˈneɪ.bə.hʊd/

4. High-rise buildings

(noun)

/haɪ raɪz ˈbɪl.dɪŋz/

Các tòa nhà cao tầng

5. Low-rise buildings

(noun)

/ləʊ raɪz ˈbɪl.dɪŋz/

Các tòa nhà thấp tầng

6. Residents

(noun)

/ˈrez.ɪ.dənts/

7. Crowded

(adj)

/ˈkraʊ.dɪd/

Đông đúc

8. Facilities

(noun)

/fəˈsɪl.ɪ.tiz/

Cơ sở vật chất

9. Leisure activities

(noun)

Các hoạt động giải trí

10. Rush hour

(noun)

/ˈleʒ.ər
ækˈtɪv.ɪ.tiz/
/rʌʃ ˈaʊər/

(adj)

/kəˈləʊ.ni.əl/

Thuộc địa

(noun)
(adverb)

/miːnz əv
ˌtræn.spɔːˈteɪ.ʃən/
/ˈɡrædʒ.u.ə.li/

14. Rural

(adj)

/ˈrʊə.rəl/

Thuộc về nông thôn

15. Affordable

(adj)

/əˈfɔː.də.bəl/

Có thể chi trả được

16. Infrastructure

(noun)

/ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/

Cơ sở hạ tầng

17. Modernise

(verb)

/ˈmɒd.ən.aɪz/

Hiện đại hóa

18. Seek

(verb)

/siːk/

19. Unemployment

(noun)

/ˌʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/

Word

11. Colonial
12. Means of
transportation
13. Gradually

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Pronunciation
/ˈɜː.bən/

Meaning
Thuộc về thành thị
Đô thị hóa
Khu phố

Cư dân

Giờ cao điểm
Phương tiện giao thông
Dần dần

Tìm kiếm
Thất nghiệp
1

20. Concern

(noun)

/kənˈsɜːn/

21. Architecture

(noun)

/ˈɑː.kɪ.tek.tʃər/

Kiến trúc

22. Wet market

(noun)

/wɛt ˈmɑː.kɪt/

Chợ truyền thống

(adverb)

/ˈræp.ɪd.li/

Nhanh chóng

24. Decreasing

(verb)

/dɪˈkriːsɪŋ/

Giảm

25. Reliable

(adj)

/rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/

Đáng tin cậy

26. Slightly

(adverb)

/ˈslaɪt.li/

Hơi, nhẹ

27. Dweller

(noun)

/ˈdwel.ər/

Cư dân

28. Afford

(verb)

/əˈfɔːd/

Chi trả

29. Percentage

(noun)

/pəˈsen.tɪdʒ/

Tỷ lệ phần trăm

30. Proportion

(noun)

/prəˈpɔː.ʃən/

Tỷ lệ

(phrase)

Khiếu nại, phàn nàn

23. Rapidly

Mối quan tâm

32. Statistics

(noun)

/meɪk
kəmˈpleɪnts/
/stəˈtɪs.tɪks/

33. Expand

(verb)

/ɪkˈspænd/

Mở rộng

34. Housing

(noun)

/ˈhaʊ.zɪŋ/

Nhà ở

31. Make complaints

Thống kê

PART II. GRAMMAR
1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành (The Present Perfect Tense)
a. Cấu trúc (Form)
+ Câu khẳng định (+): S + have/has + V(p2)
+ Câu phủ định (-): S + have/has + not + V(p2)
+ Câu nghi vấn (?): Have/Has + S + V(p2)
b. Cách dùng (Usage)
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài tới hiện tại và vẫn còn khả năng sẽ tiếp diễn
trong tương lai.
Ví dụ: I have learned English for 10 years (Tôi đã học tiếng Anh được 10 năm.)
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không rõ thời gian.
Ví dụ: Someone has stolen my car. (Có ai đó đã lấy trộm ô tô của tôi.)
- Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: She has seen this film several times. (Cô ấy đã xem bộ phim này vài lần rồi.)
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng để lại dấu hiệu hoặc hậu quả ở hiện tại.
Ví dụ: The children are dirty. Where have they been? (Bọn trẻ rất bẩn. Chúng đã ở đâu thế?)
The baby is crying. Have you made fun of him?
(Em bé đang khóc. Có phải cậu đã trêu chọc nó không?)
- Diễn tả những kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm.
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Ví dụ: This is the first time I have ever eaten that kind of food.
(Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi ăn loại thức ăn đó.)
c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tại hoàn thành
- just (vừa mới): dùng sau have/has, trước Vp2.
- recently, lately, so far (gần đây): thường đứng ở cuối câu.
- already (rồi): dùng sau have/has, trước Vp2.
- before (trước đây): đứng ở cuối câu.
- ever (đã từng): dùng sau have/has, trước Vp2.
- never (chưa từng, không bao giờ): dùng sau have/has, trước Vp2.
- for + N - quãng thời gian: trong khoảng (for a year, for a long time,...).
- since + N - mốc/điểm thời gian: từ khi (since 1992, since June,...).
- yet (chưa): dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi.
- until now = up to now = up to the present (cho đến bây giờ).
2. So sánh kép (Double comparatives to show changes)
2.1. So sánh luỹ tiến (càng ngày càng)
a. Với tính từ ngắn
Công thức: Adj + er + and + adj + er
Ví dụ:
+ The summer is coming. It gets hotter and hotter. (Mùa hè đang đến. Trời càng ngày càng nóng.)
b. Với tính từ dài
Công thức: more/less and more/less + adj
Ví dụ:
+ She is more and more attractive. (Cô ấy càng ngày càng hấp dẫn.)
+ The environment is less and less pure. (Môi trường ngày càng ít trong lành.)
c. Với danh từ
Công thức: more and more + N
Ví dụ:
+ There are more and more people moving to big cities to look for jobs. (Ngày càng có nhiều
người đến những thành phố lớn để kiếm việc làm.)
2.2. So sánh đồng tiến (càng... càng)
Công thức:
the + (so sánh hơn) comparative adj / adv+ S +V, the (so sánh hơn) comparative adj/adv + S
+V
Ví dụ:
+ The older he gets, the weaker he is. (ông ấy càng già càng yếu.)
+ The more difficult the exercise is, the more interesting it is. (Bài tập càng khó thì càng thú vị)
+ The more I know him, the less I like him.
(Tôi càng biết nhiều về anh ấy thì tôi càng ít thích anh ấy.)
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Lưu ý:
Trong câu so sánh kép, nếu túc từ là một danh từ thì ta đặt danh từ ấy ngay sau tính từ so sánh. Ví
dụ:
+ The more English vocabulary we know, the better we speak. Càng biết nhiều từ vựng tiếng Anh,
ta càng nói tốt hơn.
Lưu ý: Một số tính từ/ trạng từ không dùng ở dạng so sánh vì bản thân chúng đã mang tính tuyệt
đối:
Complete (hoàn toàn), favorite (yêu thích), ideal (lí tưởng), unique (duy nhất), excellent (xuất
sắc), full (đầy), empty (rỗng), perfect (hoàn hảo), right (đúng), really (thật sự), extreme (cực độ,
tột bậc), supreme (thượng hạng), absolute (tuyệt đối),...
* Một số công thức khác
1. So sánh gấp nhiều lần (multiple numbers comparison)
Công thức:
S + V + multiple numbers * +as + much/ many/ adj/ adv + (N) +as + N/pronoun
* Là những số như half/ twice/ 3, 4, 5… time; Phân số; Phần trăm.
Ví dụ:
+ She types twice as fast as I do.
(Cô ấy đánh máy nhanh gấp hai lần tôi đánh máy.)
+ In many contries in the world with the same job, women only get 40 – 50% as much as salary as
men. (Ở nhiều quốc gia, phụ nữ chỉ nhận được lương bằng với 40-50% lương của người đàn ông
khi họ có cùng một công việc.)
+ This encyclopedia costs twice as much as the other one.
(Bộ sách bách khoa toàn thư này mắc gấp đôi bộ còn lại.)
+ At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters as Barney. (Trong buổi tiệc
tuần trước, Fred ăn hàu nhiêu gấp 3 lần Barney.)
Lưu ý:
Khi dùng so sánh loại này phải xác định rõ danh từ đó là đếm được hay không đếm được vì đằng
trước chúng có much và many.
2. Từ chỉ số lượng dùng trước tính từ so sánh hơn để nhấn mạnh
Công thức: S + V + much/ a lot/ far/ a little/ a bit... + so sánh hơn + than + ...
Ví dụ:
+ She is much more hard-working than me. (Cô ấy chăm hơn tôi nhiều.)
3. Cấu trúc bắt đầu bằng "Of the two"
Công thức: Of the two + N (số nhiều), S + V + the + so sánh hơn
Ví dụ:
+ Of the two sisters, Mary is the prettier. (Trong số hai chị em gái, Mary xinh hơn.)
4. Để tránh lặp lại danh từ trong so sánh hơn, kém, ngang bằng, người ta dùng "that" thay
cho danh từ số ít và "those” thay cho danh từ số nhiều.
Ví dụ:
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+ The population of China is much larger than that of any countries in the world.
(Dân số của Trung Quốc lớn hơn nhiều so với dân số của bất cứ quốc gia nào trên thế giới.)
+ The prices of Japanese
cars are higher than those of Chinese ones. (Giá ô tô Nhật cao hơn giá ô tô Trung Quốc.)
PART III. PRACTICE
PRONUNCIATION
E1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined
part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. afford
B. admire
C. account
D. average
Question 2: A. colonial
B. concern
C. control
D. costume
Question 3: A. expand
B. exhaust
C. excuse
D. extra
Question 4: A. leisure
B. resident
C. reusable
D. cuisine
Question 5: A. rapid
B. urban
C. landfill
D. apple
Question 6: A. proportion
B. confusion
C. convenience D. process
Question7: A. architecture
B. achievement C. chopstick
D. voucher
E2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. afford
B. expand
C. maintain
D. empty
Question 2: A. unemployment B. immigration
C. reliable
D. economic
Question 3: A. urban
B. current
C. equal
D. remote
Question 4: A. stable
B. private
C. frequent
D. unique
Question 5: A. policy
B. statistics
C. period
D. vehicles
Question 6: A. gradual
B. urbanised
C. polluted
D. negative
Question 7: A. region
B. service
C. complaint
D. dweller
Question 8: A. product
B. concern
C. district
D. suburn
Question 9: A. modernise
B. concentrate
C. introduce
D. organize
VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
E3. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
leisure activities
cost of living
local residents
urban are
rush hour
shopping facilities
traffic jams
high-rise buildings
Question 1: Many people move to an ____________ in search of better job opportunities.
Question 2: In the city, there are plenty of _____________ to enjoy, such as parks, theaters, and
sports centers.
Question 3: ___________ often complain about the noise and pollution caused by construction.
Question 4: ___________ traffic in the city can be extremely frustrating for commuters.
Question 5: The skyline is dominated by _____________ that house offices and apartments.
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Question 6: _______________ are a common problem in big cities, especially during peak hours.
Question 7: The __________ in urban areas is usually higher than in rural areas.
Question 8: Modern __________ offer a wide range of products and services to city dwellers.
E4. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
date
decrease
modernize
expand
afford
remained
seek
Question 1: Many city dwellers struggle to ___________ the high cost of living.
Question 2: The city plans to ______________its public transportation network.
Question 3: People often ____________ better job opportunities in urban areas.
Question 4: Some historic buildings in the city __________ back to the 19th century.
Question 5: The government aims to ___________the infrastructure to improve living conditions.
Question 6: Efforts to reduce pollution have caused the levels of smog to __________.
Question 7: Despite economic changes, some prices have __________ stable over the years.
E5. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
reliable
fascinating
steady
urban
frequent
rapid
affordable
colonial
Question 1: The old ______________ buildings add a unique charm to the city's architecture.
Question 2: It is essential to have a __________ public transportation system in a big city.
Question 3: The __________ lifestyle offers many opportunities but also comes with challenges.
Question 4: Finding ___________ housing in the city can be quite difficult.
Question 5: The ____________bus services make commuting easier for residents.
Question 6: The city's history is __________ with many museums and historic sites to explore.
Question 7: The ______________growth of the city has led to many new developments.
Question 8: The population of the city has seen a ____________increase over the past decade.
E6. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
urbanization
proportion
concern
housing
resident
unemployment
opportunity
infrastructure
Question 1: Air pollution is a major ____________ for many cities around the world.
Question 2: The city is working on solving the _____________ crisis by building more
affordable homes.
Question 3: A significant ____________ of the population in urban areas works in the service
sector.
Question 4: Every ______________in the city has access to public services and facilities.
Question 5: The high rate of ____________in the city is a serious issue that needs to be
addressed.
Question 6: ____________ has led to both opportunities and challenges for city planners.
Question 7: The new project offers an excellent ______________ for local businesses to grow.

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Question 8: The city's ______________ needs significant upgrades to support its growing
population.
E7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following questions.
Question 1: The rapid process of __________ has significantly transformed many rural areas into
bustling cities.
A. renovation
B. degradation
C. urbanization
D. isolation
Question 2: Due to the high __________ of living, many residents find it difficult to live
comfortably in the city.
A. inflation
B. cost
C. availability
D. quality
Question 3: During __________ hour, the streets become heavily congested, making commuting
a stressful experience.
A. tall
B. slow
C. rush
D. twin
Question 4: The city is heavily investing in __________ transport to enhance the overall living
standards for its inhabitants.
A. private
B. special
C. public
D. common
Question 5: Many people move to the city seeking better __________ that they can't find in rural
areas.
A. opportunities
B. tips
C. traditions
D. friendships
Question 6: The city's __________ needs to be upgraded to handle the growing population.
A. heritage
B. economy
C. infrastructure
D. rule
Question 7: There is a severe __________ of affordable housing in the city.
A. abundance
B. shortage
C. production
D. luxury
Question 8: Many people cannot __________ the high prices of city living.
A. inform
B. afford
C. ignore
D. deny
Question 9: To better serve its growing population, the city plans to __________ its public
transportation network.
A. maintain
B. expand
C. produce
D. minimize
Question 10: The government is working to __________ the city's infrastructure to make it more
efficient.
A. control
B. explore
C. modernize
D. simplify
Question 11: With a population ________ over 10 million, the city faces numerous challenges
related to infrastructure and services.
A. for
B. of
C. on
D. to
Question 12: High levels of __________ in large cities can lead to various social challenges,
including increased crime rates.
A. employment
B. unemployment
C. transportation
D. education
Question 13: The newly developed mall offers extensive __________ activities for shopping,
dining, and entertainment.
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A. infrastructure
B. convenience
C. leisure
D. application
Question 14: With the __________ of the urban population, there is an urgent need to expand
residential areas.
A. decrease
B. ability
C. increase
D. migration
Question 15: Local __________ have expressed concerns about the increase in traffic due to the
new shopping mall.
A. reside
B. residential
C. residents
D. resided
Question 16: The rapid urbanization of rural areas can result ________ a shortage of housing.
A. in
B. from
C. for
D. with
Question 17: The city's historic buildings _______ back to the 18th century, showcasing beautiful
architecture.
A. month
B. date
C. day
D. century
Question 18: As the population grows, more individuals _________ affordable housing options in
urban areas.
A. seek
B. avoid
C. balance
D. adopt
Question 19: Many people choose to live in the suburbs because it is more _________ than the
city center.
A. crowded
B. noisy
C. expensive
D. affordable
Question 20: The old town is known for its beautiful French ________ buildings, which attract
many tourists.
A. modern
B. frequent
C. colonial
D. temporary
Question 21: As the area developed, the farmland was _________ replaced by residential
neighborhoods.
A. gradually
B. suddenly
C. frequently
D. rarely
Question 22: The rising crime rates in the city are a major ________ for local residents.
A. benefit
B. concern
C. advantage
D. belief
Question 23: The population of the city is _________ growing, putting pressure on infrastructure
and services.
A. slowly
B. rapidly
C. randomly
D. rarely
Question 24: Residents are demanding more ________ electricity and water services from the
local government.
A. complex
B. expensive
C. reliable
D. excessive
Question 25: Parks and green spaces are essential for city _________ to relax and escape the
urban environment.
A. buildings
B. dwellers
C. vehicles
D. businesses
Question 26: The local government is ________ working to improve public services and
infrastructure.
A. steadily
B. hardly
C. rarely
D. occasionally
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Question 27: _________ policies are being revised to accommodate the growing number of
people moving to the city.
A. Emigration
B. Trade
C. Immigration
D. Export
Question 28: This historic neighborhood is home ________ many beautiful old buildings and
landmarks.
A. to
B. with
C. for
D. in
Question 29: This is the first time I ________ such a busy city.
A. have seen
B. see
C. saw
D. had seen
Question 30: She ________ in this city for five years and loves it.
A. has lived
B. lived
C. lives
D. had lived
Question 31: The city ________ a lot since I last visited it.
A. changes
B. changed
C. has changed
D. had changed
Question 32: The last time he visited his hometown was five years ago.
A. He has not visited his hometown for five years.
B. He has often visited his hometown in the last five years.
C. He will visit his hometown in five years.
D. He visited his hometown five years ago.
Question 33: She last saw her best friend two months ago.
A. She has seen her best friend for two months.
B. She hasn't seen her best friend for two months.
C. She will see her best friend in two months.
D. She saw her best friend two months ago.
Question 34: This is the first time I have tried sushi.
A. I tried sushi for the first time.
B. I have never tried sushi before.
C. I often try sushi.
D. I will try sushi for the first time.
Question 35: They started living in this city five years ago.
A. They no longer live in this city for five years.
B. They will live in this city in five years.
C. They have lived in this city for five years.
D. They lived in this city for five years.
Question 36: The traffic in the city is getting ________ as more people buy cars.
A. more and more congested
B. congested and more congested
C. more congested and congested
D. congested and congested
Question 37: The more you practice speaking English, ________ you become.
A. the more fluent
B. more fluent
C. more and more fluent
D. the more fluently
Question 38: As the city expands, it is becoming ________ to find affordable housing.
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A. harder and harder
B. hard and harder
C. harder and hard
D. hard and hard
Question 39: The more technology advances, ________ our lives become.
A. the easier
B. easier
C. the more easy
D. easy
Question 40: With the increase in population, the city is getting ________ crowded.
A. more and more
B. more and crowded
C. crowded and crowded
D. more and crowded
Question 41: The more time you spend studying, ________ your grades will be.
A. the better
B. better
C. the more better
D. good
Question 42: The cost of living is getting ________ every year.
A. higher and higher
B. high and higher
C. higher and high
D. high and high
Question 43: The more you read, ________ knowledge you gain.
A. the more
B. more
C. the most
D. most
READING
E8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Human populations have tended (1)_______ over time. As more people were born, small
groups of individuals found reasons to come together to form groups and, with the advent
of agriculture, small sedentary communities. A small number of these settlements grew into what
we now call cities. This kind of growth often (2)_________with a shift from one way of organizing
labor to another.
The world population has grown significantly and our economies have become more
industrialized over the past few hundred years. As a result, (3)_________ people have moved into
cities. This process is known as urbanization. Even after cities emerged, (4)_________, a large
majority of people lived and worked in rural areas. It was not until large
scale industrialization began in the eighteenth century that cities really began to boom. Nearly half
of all people now live in urban areas. They are attracted by jobs in manufacturing and the
professions, as well as by increased opportunities for (5)_________ and entertainment.
Adapted from nationalgeographic
Question 1: A. increase
B. to increase
C. increasing
D. increased
Question 2: A. corresponds
B. devotes
C. concentrates
D. developed
Question 3: A. much
B. many
C. each
D. another
Question 4: A. therefore
B. moreover
C. however
D. because
Question 5: A. educate
B. education
C. educationally
D. educational
E9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

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Urbanization is often discussed in reference to countries that are currently in the (1)________
of industrializing and urbanizing, but all industrialized nations have experienced urbanization at
some point in their history. (2)________, urbanization is on the rise all over the globe.
One (3)________ of this huge increase in people living in urban areas is the rise of
the megacity, which is a city that has more than 10 million inhabitants. There are now cities with
even more than that. Tokyo, Japan, for example, has nearly 40 million residents. (4)______ effect
of urbanization is urban sprawl. Urban (5)________is when the population of a city becomes
dispersed over an increasingly large geographical area. This movement from higher
density urban cores to lower density suburbs means that as cities expand, they often begin to take
up significant tracts of land formerly used for agriculture.
Adapted from nationalgeographic
Question 1: A. process
B. peace
C. idea
D. stage
Question 2: A. However
B. Moreover
C. Therefore
D. Although
Question 3: A. benefit
B. factor
C. result
D. effect
Question 4: A. Other
B. Another
C. The other
D. Others
Question 5: A. sprawl
B. dweller
C. area
D. spread
E10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Urban sprawl is a form of unplanned urban and suburban development that creates lowdensity environments with high segregation between residential and commercial areas. This
phenomenon often leads to harmful impacts on the residents, including increased strain on
transport infrastructure, social segregation, and decreased political participation. Urban sprawl
started with the industrial revolution and has been facilitated by the popularity of private cars and
the expansion of road networks. The post-war era saw a rapid increase in suburban living,
contributing to the current extent of urban sprawl in many countries, especially in the United
States.
The effects of urban sprawl are far-reaching, impacting the environment, social life, and the
economy of cities. Environmentally, urban sprawl increases the need for transportation, leading to
higher pollution levels and reducing land available for agriculture. Socially, it limits public spaces,
which can lead to social segregation and disengagement from the community. Economically, it
causes traffic congestion and a high demand for parking in city centers, which strains urban
infrastructure and reduces the land available for other uses. Politically, it segregates communities,
making it difficult for them to participate effectively in democratic processes.
To mitigate the negative effects of urban sprawl, several solutions can be implemented. Cities
should improve public transportation and reduce the need for private cars, making urban areas more
walkable and accessible. Providing more public spaces, such as parks and community centers, can
foster a sense of community and reduce social segregation. Additionally, building affordable
housing close to city centers can decrease travel time and reduce traffic congestion. These measures
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can help create more sustainable and integrated urban environments, ensuring long-term social
harmony and security.
Reference: https://campuspress.yale.edu/
Question 1: Which can be the main idea for the passage?
A. The Positive Effects of Urban Sprawl
B. The History and Causes of Urban Sprawl
C. The Negative Effects and Solutions for Urban Sprawl
D. The Growth of Urban Areas in the United States
Question 2: The word "segregation" in paragraph 1 mostly means ______.
A. separation
B. integration
C. connection
D. involvement
Question 3: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Urban sprawl started with the industrial revolution.
B. Urban sprawl has positive effects on social life.
C. Urban sprawl increases the need for transportation.
D. Providing public spaces can help mitigate the effects of urban sprawl.
Question 4: What is one major negative impact of urban sprawl mentioned in the passage?
A. Increased political participation
B. Reduced strain on transport infrastructure
C. Increased pollution levels
D. Enhanced social integration
Question 5: What historical period saw a rapid increase in suburban living?
A. The pre-war era
B. The post-war era
C. The industrial revolution
D. The 1970s
E11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Urbanization in Vietnam has been rapidly accelerating over the past few decades, driven by
economic growth and industrialization. Cities like Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi have seen
significant population increases as people migrate from rural areas in search of better job
opportunities and improved living standards. This mass movement has transformed these cities into
bustling economic hubs, contributing to the country's overall development. However, this rapid
urbanization also brings numerous challenges that need to be addressed to ensure sustainable
growth.
One of the primary challenges of urbanization in Vietnam is the strain on infrastructure and
public services. The influx of people into urban areas has led to overcrowded transportation systems,
insufficient housing, and overburdened healthcare and education facilities. Traffic congestion, air
pollution, and inadequate waste management are common issues in major cities. These problems
not only affect the quality of life of urban residents but also pose significant environmental risks.
Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive urban planning and substantial investments in
infrastructure development to accommodate the growing urban population.
Despite these challenges, urbanization in Vietnam also presents significant opportunities. The
concentration of people in urban areas can lead to economic efficiencies, innovation, and improved
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access to services and amenities. The government has been focusing on developing smart cities and
promoting sustainable urban growth. Initiatives such as expanding public transportation networks,
enhancing green spaces, and implementing advanced technologies in city management are steps
towards creating more livable and resilient urban environments. By leveraging the benefits of
urbanization and addressing its challenges, Vietnam can achieve a balanced and sustainable urban
future.
Reference:https://vietnam.opendevelopmentmekong.net/
Question 1: Which can be the main idea for the passage?
A. The Positive Effects of Urbanization in Vietnam
B. The Challenges and Opportunities of Urbanization in Vietnam
C. The History of Urbanization in Vietnam
D. The Growth of Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi
Question 2: The word "overburdened" in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.
A. overwhelmed
B. underutilized
C. ignored
D. improved
Question 3: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Urbanization in Vietnam has transformed cities into economic hubs.
B. Traffic congestion is a common issue in major cities in Vietnam.
C. Urbanization has only negative effects on the environment.
D. The government is focusing on developing smart cities.
Question 4: What is one major challenge of urbanization in Vietnam mentioned in the passage?
A. Lack of economic growth
B. Insufficient public services
C. Decrease in rural population
D. Overdevelopment of green spaces
Question 5: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The Vietnamese government is not addressing urbanization challenges.
B. Urbanization in Vietnam has no impact on the environment.
C. Improving public transportation can help mitigate urbanization issues.
D. Urbanization has only negative effects on Vietnamese society.
SPEAKING
Describe a significant change in a city that you have seen.
You should say:
• What the change was
• When it happened
• How it affected the city
And explain how you feel about this change.

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LISTENING
E12. Listen to the audio and complete the passage with ONE word only.
Urbanization in Singapore has been a (1)________ success story, characterized by rapid
development and strategic planning. Over the past few decades, Singapore has transformed from a
small trading port into a bustling global financial hub. This urbanization process has been driven by
a strong government focus on economic growth, (2)___________development, and sustainable
living. The city-state has implemented innovative solutions to manage its limited land resources,
including high-rise residential buildings and efficient public transportation systems. Singapore's
urban planning emphasizes green spaces and environmental (3)__________, with numerous parks,
gardens, and nature reserves integrated into the urban landscape. The Marina Bay area, for instance,
showcases cutting-edge urban design with its iconic skyline and waterfront promenade. However,
urbanization in Singapore also brings (4)_________, such as the need to balance economic
development with environmental conservation and social cohesion. Overall, Singapore's
urbanization exemplifies a model of how thoughtful planning and in...