KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG NĂM 2026
Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH(Đề thi có 04 trang)
Thời gian làm bài: 50 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề

Mã đề thi: 1104

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each
of the following questions from 1 to 8.
For most undergraduates today, opening a laptop at the start of a lecture has become as automatic as sitting
down. The device is no longer a tool consciously chosen; it is simply there, blinking softly, ready to absorb
every word that the instructor utters. Yet researchers who study students' attention argue that this convenience
comes at a price most learners are unaware that they are paying.
A recent multi-campus study tracked the in-class behaviour of nearly two thousand undergraduates across
humanities and science courses. Even when students claimed to be “fully focused,” eye-tracking data showed
that they shifted between unrelated tabs an average of fourteen times per fifty-minute session. The students
themselves were astounded when they were shown the results. Many had believed that they were absorbing
every point made in class.
The findings underline an unsettling truth: digital multitasking is not just inefficient; it is invisible to those
engaged in it. Cognitive scientists describe this as “the illusion of competence” – the false sense that because
information has passed beneath one's eyes, it has been understood and stored. Tests administered a week after
the lectures consistently revealed otherwise, with laptop-using students recalling roughly a third less than those
taking handwritten notes.
Things go from bad to worse when we take into account the fact that the very tools that distract students are
also genuinely essential for some forms of academic work. Annotating digital texts, accessing research
databases and recording lectures all benefit from screen-based learning. The crucial question for tertiary
institutions, then, is not to get rid of devices altogether but to teach students when and how to set them aside.
Until that skill is cultivated, the lecture hall may continue to function less as a place of collective inquiry and
more as a quiet place of solitary screens.
(Adapted from https://vanderbilthustler.com)
Question 1. In paragraph 1, the writer is _______.
A. warning against a common habit among students
B. arguing in favour of undergraduates' use of laptops
C. contrasting different methods of notetaking
D. questioning the real worth of costly laptops
Question 2. The word tracked in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. examined

B. represented

C. controlled

D. copied

Question 3. The word astounded in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _______.
A. anxious

B. calm

C. honest

D. brave

Question 4. The word those in paragraph 3 refers to _______.
A. tests

B. lectures

C. scientists

D. students

Question 5. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. It is the digital devices used for certain complicated academic tasks at university that are distracting students
from more important assignments.
B. What complicates matters is that digital devices necessary for completing some university work can interfere
with students' concentration.
C. Not only certain academic assignments at university but also the digital tools useful for these tasks are
causing complicated problems for students.
D. Some academic work at university requires students' genuine concentration, which has become a
complicated matter with bad-quality digital tools.
Question 6. Which of the following statements would the writer NOT agree with?
A. University students' use of laptops in classrooms has become a practice performed unconsciously.
B. Students have become more isolated in lecture halls because of the widespread use of laptops.
C. Providing students with guidance for proper use of laptops is better than imposing a blanket ban.
D. Those switching between tasks on digital devices are aware of its adverse impacts on productivity.
Question 7. In which paragraph does the writer mention a mismatch between self-report and scientific
findings?
A. Paragraph 3

B. Paragraph 1

C. Paragraph 2

D. Paragraph 4

Question 8. In which paragraph does the writer provide examples for a general term?
A. Paragraph 2

B. Paragraph 1

C. Paragraph 3

D. Paragraph 4

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Read the following flyer and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that
best fits each of the numbered blanks from 9 to 14.
LET'S WARM THEIR HEARTS!
In many remote regions, children face the harsh cold, which affects their health and education. Your kindness
can warm their hearts. Let's work together to give them a better winter. Our project includes:


Collection: Please (9)_______ out your old winter clothes by size and ensure that the items are dry and
in good (10)_______. You can drop them off at our collection points. This helps us organise the
donations faster.



Cleaning: We will have all donations (11)_______ to ensure that they are fresh. We use eco-friendly
detergents to (12)_______ the sensitive skin of the children.



Distribution: We (13)_______ with local schools to distribute the clothes directly to the students in
need.

If everyone (14)_______ a hand, we will help thousands of children stay warm this winter.
Your small act of kindness will create a big change!
Question 9. A. sort
Question 10. A. situation

B. turn

C. fill

B. relation

Question 11. A. washed

B. being washed

Question 12. A. protect

B. produce

Question 13. A. cooperate
Question 14. A. have given

B. cooperative
B. give

D. catch
C. position

D. condition

C. wash

D. washing

C. promote

D. provide

C. cooperation
C. gives

D. gave

D. cooperatively

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or
sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 15 to
19.
Question 15.
a. Diner: Excuse me, I've been waiting so long for my order.
b. Diner: Thanks for your help.
c. Waiter: I'm sorry! I'll check with the kitchen and get back to you immediately.
A. b – c – a

B. a – b – c

C. c – b – a

D. a – c – b

Question 16.
Dear Ms Hoang,
a. A payment of $5,000 will be released in the beginning, and the remaining balance after the submission of
your mid-term report.
b. Failure to respond by the stated date will result in the offer being granted to the next qualified candidate.
c. We are delighted to inform you that you have been awarded the Young Researcher Grant.
d. To confirm your acceptance, please sign the attached form and submit it by 31 August.
e. The funding is intended to support your fieldwork and must not be used for equipment purchases without
prior approval.
Yours sincerely,
A. c – a – b – d – e

B. c – b – e – d – a

C. c – a – b – e – d

D. c – e – a – d – b

Question 17.
a. Customer: What if I don't keep the original packaging?
b. Customer: Great. I'll bring the item and receipt tomorrow.
c. Customer: I'd like to exchange the electric fan I bought yesterday.
d. Manager: Sold items can be exchanged within five days, but we don't give refunds.
e. Manager: No problem, only your receipt is needed.
A. a – e – c – d – b

B. c – e – a – d – b

C. a – d – c – e – b

D. c – d – a – e – b

Question 18.
a. Inhabitants of coastal regions housing large-scale facilities have reported that the low hum of the constant
rotation impairs their sleep quality.
b. Nevertheless, the argument for transitioning is not entirely convincing when the implications for residents in
the immediate vicinity are taken into account.
c. With the infrastructure in place, operational expenditures of wind mills are substantially lower than those of
coal or gas facilities.
d. Wind power has been promoted as a notably clean and economically viable substitute for fossil fuels.
e. Progress on a country's renewable targets necessitates balancing each proposed initiative against the burdens
imposed upon local populations.
A. d – c – b – a – e
Question 19.

B. c – e – d – b – a

C. e – b – a – c – d

D. a – d – c – e – b

a. Initial results were impressive, as villagers reported broadband speeds comparable to city standards with
significantly improved reliability.
b. For years, the isolated villages of central Marsh County struggled with unreliable copper cables that could
not handle increasing bandwidth demands.
c. Consequently, the local council, partnering with two providers, committed to laying fibre optic cables to
every household within a year.
d. To minimise disruption, cables were placed along existing verges, while community halls served as
temporary installation hubs.
e. Encouraged by the villagers' satisfaction, neighbouring counties have requested guidance on adopting the
model for their remote villages.
A. b – c – d – a – e

B. d – a – e – c – b

C. a – e – d – b – c

D. e – b – a – c – d

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Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each
of the following questions from 20 to 29.
Environmental services, even when they arise without any human labour, are by no means cost-free. Every cost
should be understood in terms of opportunity cost. For environmental services, the opportunity cost amounts to
the net gain relinquished because the resources are no longer available for their second-best application.
Whenever a resource has alternative uses, it cannot legitimately be deemed free.
For instance, a section of river might serve as a site used for either white-water canoeing or hydroelectric
generation. Constructing a dam to produce electricity would flood the rapids, so this makes white-water
canoeing here out of the question. The opportunity cost of preserving the river for canoeing equals the net
benefit of the electricity that would otherwise have been produced, once the expenses of generation and
distribution have been subtracted. By the same token, the opportunity cost of erecting the dam involves
everything the river in its natural state would have provided – leisure activities, wildlife, scenic beauty, and
whatever worth future generations might attach to experiencing the rapids.
This understanding carries considerable weight for planning development. [I] Numerous decisions initially
appearing to be cost-free moves in favour of growth prove, when examined carefully, to be against something
else. [II] Clearing a forest to make way for crops is hardly without cost; it is paid for through losses in carbon
storage, biological diversity, and all the functions the forest once performed unnoticed. [III] Channelling a river
for irrigation has its price – namely, whatever the river was doing before its course was altered. [IV] Even
leaving a swathe of land alone exacts a cost, since the earnings that intensive exploitation might have produced
are equally sacrificed.
From this perspective, economic development can never be reduced to whether a project delivers a positive
return. Rather, what must be asked is whether that return outweighs the value of sacrifices. Policies considering
this – by pricing scarce environmental services, or obliging those in charge to consider both sides – are not
against development. What they demand is that development should be worth its true cost. The danger lies not
in counting too much, but in counting too little.
(Adapted from Environmental Economics and Policy)
Question 20. The word relinquished in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. filled up

B. made up

C. given up

D. ended up

Question 21. According to paragraph 1, the costs of environmental services are _______.
A. existent even in the absence of human involvement
B. included in the market value of natural resources
C. determined by financial investment in natural resources
D. minimal because these services are nearly labour-free
Question 22. Which of the following is NOT implied in paragraph 2?
A. The strains on the ecosystem of the river imposed by recreational activities and power generation are similar.
B. The intrinsic value of the river is not confined to generating hydroelectricity only.
C. Intangible benefits also constitute the opportunity cost of the dam construction.
D. It is impossible to exploit one stretch of river for both hydroelectric generation and white-water canoeing.
Question 23. Where in paragraph 3 does the following sentence best fit?
Such hidden costs only come to light when one stops to think about the roles nature itself is quietly
playing.
A. [III]

B. [I]

C. [II]

D. [IV]

Question 24. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. Untouched and cultivated lands both produce benefits in the long term.
B. Apparently harmless developments actually come at an underlying price.
C. Ecological preservation exerts negligible influence on economic development.
D. Economic benefits should never take precedence over forest and river preservation.
Question 25. The word they in paragraph 4 refers to _______.
A. policies

B. services

C. sacrifices

D. sides

Question 26. What conclusion can be drawn from paragraph 4?
A. Initiatives are required by law to deduct the hidden costs before claiming to have a positive return.
B. Putting a price on environmental services is aimed at slowing down economic projects.
C. Both excessive caution and complete ignorance regarding environmental costs cause permanent damage.
D. Due consideration for opportunity costs is crucial for the genuine success of development.
Question 27. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Assigning a specific price tag to a resource is a prerequisite for calculating opportunity costs.
B. Cost-free resources can be put to alternative uses as long as this is legally permitted.
C. Keeping land intact is free of opportunity cost as there is no resource consumption.
D. The positive return of every economic development must be worth what is sacrificed.
Question 28. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Decisions that overlook environmental opportunity costs risk overestimating the net gains they produce.
B. The scale of economic development inevitably suffers from strict regulations on environmental services.
C. Projects are mandated to make up for the economic losses in return for environmental preservation.
D. The value of preserved environmental services far outweighs the benefits of industrial development.
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Question 29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Development: Factoring in Sacrifices
B. Natural Preservation: Ushering in a New Era
C. Environment: A Tower of Strength
D. Sustainable Development: A Pipe Dream
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that
best fits each of the numbered blanks from 30 to 35.
GREEN HANDS, CLEAN LAND
The theme for Green Week 2026, “Green Hands, Clean Land”, puts (30)_______ on the role of our community
in protecting the environment. For several decades, climate change has had direct effects on our daily life.
(31)_______, unless action is taken, we will face food insecurity, water shortages, and higher energy prices.
Since 2018, our annual campaigns have been coming up (32)_______. This year, we are planning two
activities: clean-up and tree-planting. Participation in (33)_______ activity is open to all residents. Completed
forms (34)_______ be submitted by 30 June.
It is time to make a big difference to our surroundings. The harder we try, (35)_______ our future will be!
Apply now!
Question 30. A. example

B. emphasis

Question 31. A. However

B. Therefore

C. influence

D. intention

C. Finally

D. Instead

Question 32. A. goods

B. roses

C. gold

D. sky

Question 33. A. either

B. other

C. both

D. neither

Question 34. A. ought not
Question 35. A. greenest

B. should
B. greener

C. ought
C. the greenest

D. should not
D. the greener

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that
best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40.
Money has many ironies, and here is an important one: wealth is what you do not see. On spotting a Ferrari
driving around, (36)_______. In reality, however, many drivers of expensive cars turn out to be only mediocre
successes who spend a huge percentage of their paycheck on a vehicle. Someone driving a hundred-thousanddollar car might indeed be wealthy. Yet the only firm data point you have about their wealth is that they have a
hundred thousand dollars less than they did before they bought the car or a hundred thousand dollars more in
debt. (37)_______.
We tend to judge wealth by what we see (38)_______. We cannot peer into people's bank accounts or
brokerage statements, so we rely on outward appearances to gauge financial success: cars, houses, photographs
on social media. Modern capitalism has turned helping people fake it until they make it into a cherished
industry. (39)_______. Wealth hides in the nice car not purchased, the diamonds left in the shop and the firstclass upgrade declined. Wealth is the financial assets that have not yet been converted into the stuff you see.
Hence, we should be careful (40)_______. It is more than mere semantics; not knowing the difference is the
source of countless poor money decisions.
(Adapted from Psychology of Money)
Question 36.
A. you might assume to be the rich owner of the car

B. you might assume that the owner of the car must be rich
C. people might assume you must be the rich owner of the car
D. the car might be assumed to be owned by a rich person
Question 37.
A. You know what they are all about
B. What you know is about them all
C. That is all you know about them
D. All that you know is about them
Question 38.
A. other than external clues as the information that we only have to work with
B. unless we only have external clues as the information to work with
C. rather than by external clues as the only information we have to work with
D. because external clues are the only information we have to work with
Question 39.
A. However, the truth remains that authentic wealth keeps its existence a secret
B. Likewise, the truth is that the existence of authentic wealth remains a secret
C. Authentic wealth, similarly, keeps its existence by secretly remaining truthful
D. Authentic wealth, as a consequence, secretly exists by remaining truthful
Question 40.
A. for being wealthy to be distinguished from being rich
B. to distinguish between being wealthy and being rich
C. being wealthy and being rich distinguish themselves
D. being wealthy is distinguishing itself from being rich
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