TIẾNG ANH 9 I-LEARN SMART WORLD
UNIT 1: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD
PHẦN 1: VOCABULARY (TỪ VỰNG)
Lesson 1
1. come across /kʌm əˈkrɒs/ (phr v): tình cờ gặp, bắt gặp
Eg: He came across some of his old letters in his bedroom yesterday.
2. go over  /ɡəʊ ˈəʊ.vər/ (phr v): xem lại, kiểm tra
Eg: Remember to go over your essay for grammar and spelling mistakes before you hand it in to
me.
3. look up /lʊk ʌp/ (phr v): tra cứu
+ look at: nhìn

Eg: He's looking at you.

+ look for: tìm kiếm

Eg:Can you help me look for my glasses?

+ look forward to V-ing: mong đợi

Eg: I'm looking forward to hearing from you.

+ look after: chăm sóc

Eg: The nurse looks after her patients.

+ look away: quay đi
Eg: She looked away when the nurse pricked her arm with the needle.
+ look back: quay lại nhìn, ngoái cổ nhìn lại
Eg: Don't look back when you walk.
+ look back upon: nhìn lại (quá khứ)

Eg: Don't look back upon the past.

+ look out! coi chừng, cẩn thận

Eg: Look out! There's a car coming.

+ look in: nhìn vào

Eg: The school boy is looking in the big hole

+ look into: điều tra, nghiên cứu / hướng về phía, hướng ra/ nhìn vào
Eg: The police are looking into the disappearance of two children.
+ look on: đứng xem, nhìn
Eg: The witnesses looked on as the murderer was executed.
+ look over: kiểm tra, xem xét

Eg: The accountant is looking over accounts.

+ look up to sb: kính trọng ai đó Eg: He must look up to his parents
+ look down on sb: xem thường ai đó
Eg: Never look down on the poor.
4. lyric /ˈlɪr.ɪk/ (n): lời bài hát

Eg: It's a song with a beautiful lyric

5. method /ˈmeθ.əd/ (n): phương pháp
6. note down /nəʊt daʊn/ (phr v): ghi chú, ghi lại
7. subtitle /ˈsʌbˌtaɪ.təl/ (n): phụ đề
Eg: This Chinese movie was shown with English subtitles.

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8. turn on /tɜːn ɒn/ (phr v): bật lên
Eg: Would you please turn on the TV?
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
EXERCISE 1 Complete the sentences using the given words.

come across - go over - look it up – lyric – method - note down – subtitle - turn on
1. This programme will be broadcast with ____________.
2. I feel interested in the sound and the____________.
3. If you don't know what the word means, ____________ in a dictionary.
4. I always ____________ my notes just before I go into an exam.
5. I want to ____________ the television.
6. Please ____________ what I'm about to say.
7. If you ____________ something or someone, you find them or meet them by chance.
8. The usual ____________ of getting through the Amsterdam traffic is to cycle to your local railway
station and take the train.
Lesson 2
1. belong  /bɪˈlɒŋ/ (v): thuộc về
+belong to someone: thuộc về ai
Eg: You shouldn't take what doesn't belong to you.
+belong to something: thuộc về điều gì, là thành viên của tổ chức nào
Eg: They belong to the same chess club.
+belongings /bɪˈlɒŋ.ɪŋz/  (n): the things that a person owns, especially those that can be carried (đồ
cá nhân)
Eg: I put a few personal belongings in a bag and left the house for the last time.
2. career  /kəˈrɪər/ (n): nghề nghiệp
+ teaching career (n) nghề dạy học
Eg: Why do people choose to become teachers and how to pursue a teaching career?
3. content  /kənˈtent/ (n): nội dung
+ content with (a): hài lòng với
Eg: He seems fairly content with his life.
4. essential  /ɪˈsen.ʃəl/ (adj): thiết yếu
+ essentiality /ɪˌsen.ʃiˈæl.ə.ti/ (n) sự thiết yếu, cần phải có
Eg: Spices and seafood are the essentialities of the cuisine of this region.
5. foreign /ˈfɒr.ən/  (adj): nước ngoài

2

Eg: A foreign language  is a language that is not an official language of, nor typically spoken
in, a specific country.
+ foreigner  /ˈfɒr.ə.nər/ (n) người nước ngoài
6. international  /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl/ (adj): quốc tế
Eg: She was the boss of a large international company.
7. opportunity  /ˌɒp.əˈtʃuː.nə.ti/ (n): cơ hội
8. overseas /ˌəʊ.vəˈsiːz/ (adj/adv): thuộc về nước ngoài, ở nước ngoài
9. worldwide  /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ (adj/adv): toàn thế giới.
10. decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ (v): quyết định
+ decision  /dɪˈsɪʒ.ən/ (n) sự quyết định
+ decisive  /dɪˈsaɪ.sɪv/ (a) sự quả quyết, mang tính quyết định, đầy thuyết phục
Eg: In an emergency, decisive action is called for.
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
EXERCISE 2 Complete the sentences using the given words.

belongs – career – contents – essential – foreign –
international – opportunity – overseas - worldwide - decisive
1. Climate was a ____________ factor in establishing where the tournament should be held.
2. I went to the bank to get some ____________ currency.
3. This book ____________ to my little brother.
4. Japan's crime rate is still low by ____________ standards.
5. He enjoyed a long and distinguished ____________ as a historian.
6. The company employs 28. 000 people ____________.
7. The local government is not able to provide ____________ services such as gas, water and electricity.
8. I'd like to take this____________ to thank my colleagues for their support.
9. The firm is expanding into____________ markets.
10. She hadn't read the letter and so was unaware of its ____________.
Lesson 3
1. check out  /tʃek aʊt/ (phr v): xem xét, kiểm tra, trả phòng khách sạn
Eg: Guests should check out of their rooms by noon.
2. double-check /ˌdʌb.əlˈtʃek/ (v): kiểm tra lại
3. figure out  /ˈfɪɡ.ər aʊt/ (phr v): tìm hiểu, hiểu ra
4. importance /ɪmˈpɔː.təns/ (n): tầm quan trọng
+ important /ɪmˈpɔː.tənt/ (a) quan trọng
Eg: We have an important decision to make.

3

5. make sure /meɪk ʃɔːr/ (idm): bảo đảm
6. attend /əˈtend/ (v) tham dự
+ attentive  /əˈten.tɪv/  (a): chăm chú
+ attention  /əˈten.ʃən/ (n): sự quan tâm
+ pay attention to: quan tâm đến
Eg: Don't pay any attention to Nina - she doesn't know what she's talking about.
7. clear /klɪər/ (a) rõ ràng
clearly /ˈklɪə.li/ (adv) 1 cách rõ ràng
clarify  /ˈklær.ɪ.faɪ/  (v) làm sáng tỏ
Eg: Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely.
8. challenge /ˈtʃæl.ɪndʒ/ (n) sự thử thách
(v) someone to something: thử thách ai với điều gì
+ challenging  /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/ (a) đầy thử thách, gian nan
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
EXERCISE 3 Complete the sentences using the given words.

check out – double check– figure out – importance
make sure – attention – clearly - challenging
1. Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your ____________, please?
2. Please remember to leave your room key at reception when you ____________.
3. When you fill in the form, please write ____________ in black ink.
4. I think I locked the door but I'll go back and check just to ____________.
5. He resigned from the company in order to take a more ____________ job.
6. Can you____________ the answer to question 5?
7. I always ____________ to make sure I locked the door.
8. The health report stresses the ____________ of fresh food in a diet.
EXERCISE 4 Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals
1. Make sure you don't forget any of your __________ when you leave.

BELONG

2. Learning to ride a bike is __________ about balance.

ESSENTIAL

3. The city attracts many __________ because of its cultural diversity.

FOREIGN

4. The company operates __________, with offices in many countries.

INTERNATIONAL

5. I'm feeling __________ about what to order from the menu.

DECIDE

6. It's __________to eat a healthy diet and get regular exercise.

IMPORTANCE

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7. Please pay __________to the safety instructions before starting the experiment. ATTEND
8. Can you __________what you meant by that statement?

CLEAR

9. Climbing a mountain can be a __________but rewarding experience.

CHALLENGE

10. I tend to be __________, so I always set reminders on my phone.

FORGET

11. The recent renovations have brought significant __________ to the building. IMPROVE
12. It's easy to __________someone's intentions without clear communication.

UNDERSTAND

PHẦN 2: GRAMMAR (NGỮ PHÁP)
I. PHRASAL VERBS
Phrasal verb là gì? 
Phrasal verbs là một cụm từ ngắn có chức năng như một động từ. được cấu tạo từ động từ và các tiểu từ
(particles). Các thành phần tiểu từ này hầu hết sẽ là trạng từ (adverbs) hoặc cũng có thể sẽ là giới từ
(prepositions).
1. Cấu trúc chung
Cụm động từ bao gồm
1 động từ + 1 trạng từ/giới từ: get up, go through, write down, take after.
1 động từ + 1 trạng từ/giới từ + 1 trạng từ/giới từ: look forward to, put up with, sit in for
Sự thay đổi nghĩa của Phrasal verb (Phrv):
Look có nghĩa là nhìn nhưng khi chuyển sang:
Look for có nghĩa là tìm kiếm: He is looking for his keys
Look after có nghĩa là chăm sóc: I am looking after my parents at home.
2. Phân loại Phrasal verbs: chia thành 2 loại chính:
2.1. Separable
Có nghĩa là cụm động từ có thể tách rời hoặc đi cùng nhau.
Trường hợp, cụm từ đi tách rời nhau trong đó giới từ / trạng từ được đặt sau động từ hoặc sau tân ngữ.
Eg: They've called the meeting off.
Eg: They've called off the meeting.
Trường hợp, nếu tân ngữ object là một đại từ pronoun, giới từ / trạng từ preposition/adverb phải được
đặt sau đại từ (tân ngữ).
Eg: The meeting? They've called it off.
Eg: I didn't want to bring the situation up at the meeting.
(bring up = nói về 1 chủ đề cụ thể)
Eg: Please can you fill this form in?
(fill in = Điền form, bảng biểu…)
Eg: I'll pick you up from the station at 8 p.m.

5

(pick up = đưa đón, đón bằng xe car)
Eg: She turned the job down because she didn't want to move to Glasgow.
(turn down =không chấp nhận một đề nghị)
2.2. Non-separable: Cụm động từ không thể tách rời
Eg: Who looks after the baby when you're at work?
Cho dù trong câu là tân ngữ thì cụm cũng không được tách nhau ra:
Eg: Who looks after her when you're at work?
Các cụm mà có v+ pre/adv 1 + pre/adv 2 thường sẽ là Non-separable. Ngay cả khi bạn sử dụng đại từ
thì đại từ đó sẽ đặt sau tiểu từ.
Eg: Who came up with that idea?
(come up with = nghĩ về ý tưởng, kế hoạch)
Eg: Let's get rid of these old magazines to make more space.
(get rid of = loại bỏ gì đó)
Eg: I didn't really get on with my stepbrother when I was a teenager.
(get on with =thích và thân thiện với ai đó)
Eg: Can you hear that noise all the time? I don't know how you put up with it.
(put up with = chịu đựng điều gì đó khó khăn hoặc khó chịu)
Eg: The concert's on Friday. I'm really looking forward to it.
(look forward to = hạnh phúc và vui mừng về một cái gì đó sẽ xảy ra)
3. Cụm động từ phổ biến:
STT

CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ

NGHĨA

1

▪ Account for

▪ giải thích, chiếm bao nhiêu %

2

▪ Ask for

▪ xin

▪ Break down

▪ hỏng hóc, sụp đổ, ngất xỉu

▪ Break off with sb

▪ cắt đứt quan hệ với ai, tuyệt giao với ai

▪ Break up

▪ chia lìa, chia ly, chia tay

▪ Break into

▪ đột nhập vào

▪ Bring back

▪ đem trả lại, mang trả lại, gợi nhớ

▪ Blow off

▪ thổi bay đi, làm xì hơi ra, tiêu phí, phung phí

▪ Blow out

▪ thổi tắt

6

▪ Catch up with sb

▪ đuổi kịp, bắt kịp ai

7

▪ Call for

▪ gọi, tìm đến ai để lấy cái gì

▪ Call at

▪ dừng lại, đỗ lại, ghé thăm

3

4
5

6

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17
18

▪ Call off

▪ hoãn lại, đình lại

▪ Come across

▪ tình cờ gặp

▪ Come back

▪ quay trở lại

▪ Come in

▪ đi vào

▪ Come out

▪ lộ ra, xuất bản

▪ Come up with

▪ nảy ra, tìm ra ý tưởng

▪ Cut down

▪ chặt, đốn

▪ Cut off

▪ cắt, cúp, ngừng hoạt động

▪ Carry on

▪ tiếp tục

▪ Carry out

▪ thực hiện, tiến thành

▪ Drop off

▪ lần lượt bỏ đi

▪ Drop out

▪ bỏ cuộc, bỏ giữa chừng

▪ Die of

▪ chết vì bệnh gì

▪ Die for

▪ hi sinh cho cái gì

▪ Die out

▪ tuyệt chủng

▪ Do away with

▪ bãi bỏ, thủ tiêu

▪ Fall behind

▪ thụt lùi, tụt lại

▪ Fall down

▪ rơi xuống, thất bại

▪ Fall off

▪ giảm sút, suy đồi

▪ Fill in

▪ điền đầy đủ thông tin

▪ Fill out

▪ làm căng ra, làm to ra, mập ra

▪ Fill up

▪ đổ đầy, lấp đầy

▪ Get on/along with sb

▪ hòa hợp với ai

▪ Get off (= hop off)

▪ xuống xe

▪ Get out

▪ đi ra ngoài, cút đi

▪ Get over

▪ vượt qua, khắc phục, khỏi

▪ Give away

▪ cho, trao, phát

▪ Give up

▪ từ bỏ

▪ Go across

▪ đi qua, băng qua

▪ Go ahead

▪ tiến lên, thăng tiến

▪ Go along with

▪ đi cùng

▪ Go away

▪ đi xa

7

▪ Go back

▪ trở về

▪ Go by

▪ đi qua, trôi qua

▪ Go off

▪ đổ chuông, nổ tung, thiu thối

▪ Go on

▪ tiếp tục

▪ Go up

▪ tăng lên

▪ Go down

▪ giảm xuống

19

▪ Hold on

▪ nắm chặt, giữ chặt, đoàn kết lại với nhau

20

▪ Hang out

▪ đi lang thang, đi chơi

▪ Keep up with

▪ theo kịp, đuổi kịp

▪ Keep off

▪ tránh ra

▪ Keep on

▪ tiếp tục

▪ Look after

▪ chăm sóc

▪ Look down

▪ nhìn xuống

▪ Look down on sb

▪ coi thường ai

▪ Look up to

▪ kính trọng

▪ Look for

▪ tìm kiếm

▪ Look forward to+V-ing

▪ mong đợi

▪ Look up

▪ nhìn lên, tra cứu (từ điển)

23

▪ Lay sb off

▪ cho ai nghỉ việc

24

▪ Let down

▪ làm cho ai đó thất vọng

25

▪ Make up

▪ trang điểm, bịa đặt, quyết định, làm hòa

26

▪ Pass away

▪ qua đời

27

▪ Pick up

▪ nhặt, đón

▪ Put off

▪ hoãn

▪ Put on

▪ mặc(quần áo), đội(mũ), đi(giày)....

▪ Put out

▪ dập tắt

▪ Put up with sb

▪ chịu đựng ai

▪ Take after = look like

▪ giống

▪ Take away

▪ mang đi, lấy đi

▪ Take off

▪ cởi, cất cánh

▪ Turn down

▪ vặn nhỏ, từ chối

▪ Turn into

▪ biến thành

21

22

28

29

30

8

▪ Turn off

▪ tắt đi

▪ Turn on

▪ bật lên

▪ Turn out

▪ hóa ra

▪ Turn over

▪ lật, dở

▪ Turn up = show up = arrive

▪ đến, xuất hiện

▪ Try on

▪ thử đồ

▪ Try out = test

▪ kiểm tra xem có hoạt động được hay không

▪ Tell against

▪ nói điều chống lại

▪ Tell off

▪ rầy, la mắng

▪ See off

▪ tiễn

▪ Set off/out

▪ khởi hành

▪ Set up

▪ thành lập

▪ Stay out

▪ ở ngoài, không về nhà

▪ Stay up

▪ thức

▪ Stand by

▪ đứng cạnh

▪ Stand for

▪ viết tắt, tượng trưng cho

▪ Stand up

▪ đứng dậy

▪ Stand up for

▪ về phe, ủng hộ

▪ Stand up to

▪ dũng cảm đương đầu

37

▪ Run out of

▪ hết sạch cái gì

38

▪ Watch out

▪ đề phòng, coi chừng

39

▪ Wear out

▪ làm rách, làm sờn, làm mệt lử

▪ Wipe away

▪ tẩy, lau sạch

▪ Wipe out

▪ xóa sạch

31

32
33
34

35

36

40

EXERCISE 1 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences
Question 1: My big brother always ______ for me when my mom yelled at me.
A. stuck up

B. stood up

C. hooked up

D. blocked up

Question 2: It is rumored that they are planning to ______ off more staff next month. I hope I'm not
one of them.
A. put

B. call

C. take

D. lay

Question 3: All the seats in the theatre were ______weeks before the first performance.
A. sold on

B. sold out

C. sold off

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D. sold up

Question 4: Because of heavy rain, the game was put_________ for a few days.
A. up

B. out

C. off

D. away

Question 5: You need more exercise, you should _________golf.
A. carry on

B. take in

C. take up

D. carry out

Question 6: They managed to get _______________all their unwanted things at the jumble sale.
A. away with

B. rid of

C. out of

D. even with

C. turned over

D. turned out

Question 7: He _______the tap but could get no water.
A. turned on

B. turned off

Question 8: Candidates are requested to ______ the form to the admissions officer by July 25th.
A. fill out

B. show up

C. pass over

D. hand in

Question 9: His wife is a terrible snob. She _______ almost all his friends because they are poor
A. looks up to

B. looks forward to

C. looks out on

D. looks down on

Question 10: You go on ahead and then I'll catch _______ you.
A. along with

B. forward to

C. up with

D. on to

Question 11: David always _______ to my house after he had done his homework.
A. dropped off

B. went on

C. came over

D. passed away

Question 12: He lost the race because he _______ petrol on the last lap.
A. got out of

B. ran out of

C. made out of

D. put out of

EXERCISE 2 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s)in each of the following questions.
1. Did your son pass the university entrance examination?
A. make up

B. get along

C. go up

D. get through

C. keep away

D. turn up

2. What may happen if John will not arrive in time?
A. go along

B. count on

3. Johnny sometimes visits his grandparents in the countryside.
A. calls on

B. keeps off

C. takes in

D. goes up

4. They decided to postpone their journey till the end of the month because of the epidemic.
A. take up

B. turn round

C. put off

D. do with

5. The small white flowers are my favorite. They give off a wonderful honey smell that scents the entire
garden.
A. release

B. stop

C. end

D. melt

6. I couldn't make out what he had talked about because I was not used to his accent.
A. stand

B. understand C. write

D. interrupt

7. I'm sorry, I didn't mean to interrupt you. Please go on and finish what you were saying.
A. talk

B. quit

C. continue

10

D. stop

8. The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd was looking on it.
A. blowing

B. watering

C. preventing

D. watching

C. Look on

D. Look after

9. Be careful! The tree is going to fall.
A. Look out

B. Look up

10. Seastar Language School was established in 2010 in Nha Trang City by Mr. Dien Khanh.
A. come around

B. set up

C. made out

D. put on

11. Within their home country, National Red Cross and Red Crescent societies assume the duties and
responsibilities of a national relief society.
A. take on

B. get off

C. go about

D. put in

12. The bomb exploded in the garage; fortunately no one hurt.
A. put on

B. went off

C. got out

D. kept up

II. TO_INFINITIVES
INFINITIVES OF PURPOSE
Chúng ta có thể dùng to + infinitive để nói lý do tại sao chúng ta làm điều gì đó.
Eg: I went on holiday (this is what I did) to relax (this is why I did it).
She studies hard to get good marks.
He gave up cakes to lose weight.
I'm calling you to ask for your help.
Động từ chính có thể ở bất kỳ Thì nào:
• Present simple: I exercise every day to stay healthy.
• Present continuous: He's saving money to buy a flat.
• Past simple: I went to university to get a degree.
• Past continuous: She was walking to the shops to buy milk when she met John.
• Future simple: He'll come to the party later to pick up Julia.
• Present perfect: She's gone to the library to study.
Chúng ta cũng có thể sử dụng 'in order to + infinitive' và 'so as to + infinitive'. 'In order to' trang trọng
hơn một chút nhưng ý nghĩa vẫn giống như 'so as to' và 'to + infinitive'.
(We can also use 'in order to + infinitive' and 'so as to + infinitive'. 'In order to' is a bit more formal but
the meaning is the same as 'so as to' and 'to + infinitive')
Eg: I went on holiday to relax.
I went on holiday in order to relax.
I went on holiday so as to relax.
Trong trường hợp phủ định, thêm 'not' trước 'to', 'in order not to' hoặc 'so as not to'.

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Eg: I drank coffee in order not to fall asleep.
Eg: He got up very quietly so as not to wake the children.
Chúng ta chỉ có thể sử dụng động từ nguyên thể chỉ mục đích nếu chủ ngữ của động từ chính và động từ
nguyên thể chỉ mục đích giống nhau. Nếu chúng khác nhau, chúng ta sử dụng 'so that + mệnh đề' hoặc
'in order that + mệnh đề'.
(We can only use the infinitive of purpose if the subject of the main verb and the infinitive of purpose
are the same. If they are different, we use 'so that + clause' or 'in order that + clause').
Eg: I went to the library to study. (I went to the library and I studied – the subjects are both
'I'.)
BUT
Eg: I went to the library so that John could study better. (I went to the library, but John
studied well when he was with me. The two subjects are different – I and John – so we can't use an
infinitive of purpose.)
Với động từ 'come' và 'go', chúng ta sử dụng động từ nguyên thể chỉ mục đích khi chúng được dùng
trong câu nói khẳng định thông thường, còn đối với mệnh lệnh hoặc sau động từ khiếm khuyết, ta
thường sử dụng 'and + infinitive'.
Eg: I went home to sleep.
Go home and sleep!
You must go home and sleep!
* To-infinitive cũng có thể làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ:
1. hope to-infinitive: hy vọng sẽ có thể làm gì
Eg: He hopes to get a job by the end of this year.
⟶ Cậu ấy hy vọng sẽ kiếm được một công việc trước cuối năm nay.
2. offer to-infinitive: đề xuất/đề nghị là bản thân sẽ làm gì
Eg: She offered to help me with the project, but I refused.
⟶ Cô ấy đề nghị giúp đỡ tôi với dự án đó nhưng tôi đã từ chối.
3. expect to-infinitive: mong đợi sẽ được làm gì
Eg: He expected to see her at the event, but she didn't come.
⟶ Anh ấy mong đợi là sẽ gặp cô ấy tại sự kiện nhưng cô ấy không tới.
4. plan to-infinitive: lên kế hoạch làm gì
Eg: We have just planned to move to another city.
⟶ Chúng tôi vừa lên kế hoạch chuyển tới một thành phố khác.
5. refuse to-infinitive: từ chối làm gì

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Eg: Yesterday, that customer refused to sign the contract with us.
⟶ Hôm qua, khách hàng đó đã từ chối kí hợp đồng với chúng ta/tôi.
6. want to-infinitive: muốn làm gì
Eg: I have always wanted to study abroad.
⟶ Tôi luôn muốn đi du học nước ngoài.
7. promise to-infinitive: hứa sẽ làm gì
Eg: Last week, he promised not to go to work late again.
⟶ Tuần trước, anh ta đã hứa sẽ không đi làm trễ nữa.
8. pretend to-infinitive: giả vờ làm gì
Eg: Children sometimes pretend to be sick, so they don't have to go to school.
⟶ Trẻ con đôi khi giả vờ bị ốm để không phải đến trường.
9. fail to-infinitive: thất bại khi làm việc gì
Eg: He looks sad because he has failed to make his parents proud.
⟶ Anh ấy trông buồn vì anh ấy đã thất bại trong việc làm cha mẹ tự hào.
10. agree to-infinitive: đồng ý làm gì
Eg: After 30 minutes of negotiation, they finally agreed to lower the price.
⟶ Sau 30 phút đàm phán, họ cuối cùng cũng đồng ý hạ giá.
11. decide to-infinitive: quyết định làm gì
Eg: She didn't decide to buy that computer.
⟶ Cô ấy không quyết định mua cái máy tính đó.
12. threaten to-infinitive: đe dọa làm gì
Eg: The bank is threatening to sue him.
⟶ Ngân hàng đe dọa khởi kiện anh ấy
13. start to-infinitive: bắt đầu làm gì
Eg: My elder sister started to learn Spanish 7 years ago.
⟶ Chị gái tôi bắt đầu học tiếng Tây Ban Nha 7 năm trước.
Lưu ý: Động từ 'start' đi với Gerunds cũng mang ý nghĩa tương tự.
14. stop to-infinitive: dừng để làm gì
Eg: She usually stops to buy breakfast on her way to work.
⟶ Cô ấy thường xuyên dừng lại để mua đồ ăn sáng trên đường đi làm.
Lưu ý: Động từ 'stop' đi với Gerunds mang một ý nghĩa khác là “ngừng làm việc gì”. Ví dụ,
'stop buying' là “ngừng mua”, 'stop working' là “ngừng làm việc”, v.v.
15. seem to-infinitive: có vẻ như làm gì
Eg: Our boss doesn't seem to like our idea.
⟶ Sếp của chúng tôi không có vẻ là thích ý tưởng của chúng tôi.

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EXERCISE 1: Match the expressions to make eight meaningful sentences.
1. John's gone to the cash machine

A. in order not to forget to post it the next day.

2. I looked on Wikipedia

B. to pick up a parcel.

3. Next weekend I'm going to Newcastle

C. in order to keep warm.

4. I'm going to the post office

D. so as toremember to buy him a present.

5. She wore a heavy coat

E. so as not to be late for an important meeting.

6. He wrote Paul's birthday in his diary

F. to see my grandmother.

7. I put the letter on the table near the front door

G. to find the answer.

8. I went to work early today

H. to get some money.

III. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES / PHRASES OF REASON
1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ (Adverbial Clause) là gì?
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ (Adverbial Clause) là mệnh đề phụ trong câu (đi kèm với mệnh đề chính
mục đích làm rõ nghĩa cho mệnh đề chính), mệnh đề này không đứng một mình.
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ bố nghĩa cho 1 tính từ, động từ hoặc 1 trạng từ khác trong câu.
2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ về nguyên nhân (Adverbial clause of reason)
Dùng để chỉ nguyên nhân cho biết lý do xảy ra của hành động được nhắc tới trong mệnh đề
chính của câu.
Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân thường bắt đầu bằng các liên từ như “as”, “because”, “since”,
“because of”, “due to”, “owing to”.
3. Công thức
3.1. Because là 1 liên từ thì cấu trúc because + subject + verb. (Because is a conjunction. The structure
we use is because + subject + verb).
Eg: He moved to London because his girlfriend lives there.
(his girlfriend lives = subject + verb)
3.2. Because of là một giới từ, cấu trúc như sau (Because of is a preposition. We use the structure)
because of + noun
He moved to London  because of his girlfriend.
(girlfriend = noun)
hoặc
because of + pronoun (you, me, him, etc.).
He moved to London  because of her.
(her = pronoun)
3.3. Because / As / Since + clause (= + S + V), + main clause (mệnh đề chính)

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Hoặc
Main clause (mệnh đề chính) + because / as / since + clause (= + S + V)
Eg: She couldn't attend the meeting because she was sick..
Eg: Because she was sick, she couldn't attend the meeting
3.4. Because of / due to / owing to + N phrase/V-ing , + clause (= + S + V)
Hoặc
Clause (= + S + V) + because of / due to / owing to + N phrase/V-ing
Eg: Because of rush hour traffic, the roads were congested.
Eg: The roads were congested because of rush hour traffic.
4. Dấu phẩy trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ
Chúng ta chỉ dùng dấu phẩy khi mệnh đề trạng ngữ nằm ở đầu câu, phía sau là một mệnh đề chính. Đối
với trường hợp mệnh đề trạng ngữ nằm sau mệnh đề chính thì ta viết liền mạch, không dùng dấu phẩy
ngăn cách 2 mệnh đề với nhau.
5. Cách rút gọn mệnh đề lý do sang cụm từ chỉ lý do
5.1. …. because + đại từ + be + adj .
→ because of + tính từ sở hữu + N
He failed the exam because he was lazy
Because of his laziness, he failed the exam
5.2. …because + N + be + adj hoặc …because + N + V + adv
→ because of + the + adj + N
Because the wind was strong, we didn't go to the beach
Because of the strong wind, we didn't go to the beach
5.3. . … because + S + V + O
→ because of + V-ing + O (2chủ từ phải giống nhau)
Because Lan is tired, she doesn't hang out with her friends
Because of being tired, Lan doesn't hang out with her friends
6. Một số tính từ, danh từ thông dụng dùng vận dụng khi viết lại câu;
- lazy (a)

laziness (n)

- happy (a)

happiness (n)

- dark (a)

darkness (n)

- intelligent (a)

intelligence (n)

- old (a)
- poor (a)

age (n)
poverty (n)

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EXERCISE 1: Complete the sentences with because or because of
1. The cricket match was cancelled ___________ the bad weather.
2. I was late ___________ the traffic was bad.
3. Mangoes grow well in India ___________the tropical climate.
4. ___________they are easy to set up and use, Chromebooks are very popular in schools.
5. Daniel prefers small farmers' markets to big supermarkets ___________the quality
and freshness of the vegetables
6. There's a policeman on the crossing near the school ___________it's a very busy road.
7. Robert bought a first-class train ticket ___________the extra space and comfort.
8. Richard travelled second-class ___________ it was cheaper.
9. My girlfriend lives in Amsterdam. I moved to Holland ___________her.
10. I sent the phone back to the shop ___________the screen was broken.
11. Steven went to the shopping center last Sunday ___________he needed a new laptop.
12. Pam and her parents want to visit the city zoo ___________they want to see the baby panda.
13. More and more people get to work late every day___________the heavy traffic in the city center.
14. I couldn't arrive on time ___________I missed the train.
15. We cancelled the trip ___________bad weather.
EXERCISE 2: Rewrite the sentences connecting them with because in the middle or at the
beginning.
1. Tommy doesn't like school. The other children tease him.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Michael works hard. He needs to earn money.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Jennifer eats chocolate everyday. She likes it.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. All of the employees will have a party. It's the boss' birthday.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. I like butterflies. Why? They are pretty.
___________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3: Rewrite the sentences, using because/because of :
1. I failed the exam because I slept over. 
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
2. Because there was a wind, we are glad.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________

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3. Because the wind is strong, we can't go jogging.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
4. Because she is very kind, we really like her.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
5. Because it is raining, I stayed at my house. 
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
6. Because Nam is tall, he can reach the book on the shelf.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
7. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
8. Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn't go to school.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
9. His father asked him to stay at home because he was sick.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
10. Because there was an accident, I was late.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
11. Because of the cheap price, my wife insists on buying the refrigerator
￫ Because __________________________________________________________________
12. He is dismissed because of being late for work often.
￫ Because __________________________________________________________________
13. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.
￫ Because __________________________________________________________________
14. Because Lan is short, she can't reach the book on the self. 
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________ 
15. Because there was a storm, students have to stay at home
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
16.  Because he behaved impolitely, I broke up with him.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
17. Because he acted badly, she doesn't like him.
￫ Because of ________________________________________________________________
18. Because of the rain, we stopped the match.
￫ Because __________________________________________...