UNIT 2
VOCABULARY

TOPIC: THINKING

A Complete the sentences using the correct words from the box.
paradox  plausible  biased  ideology  ponder  dilemma  dubious  deduce

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Many women are faced with the _____________ of choosing between work and family commitments.
But without a unifying _____________ once the outside threat goes away unity quickly disappears.
It is a curious _____________ that professional comedians often have unhappy personal lives.
My parents were _____________ about it at first but we soon convinced them.
I stood still, trying to invent a _____________ excuse.
Darwin's observations led him to _____________ that plants and animals could adapt to their surroundings.
The long weekend also gave me time to myself to rest and _____________ on all that had gone and was to come.
Liverpool only lost the game because the referee was _____________.

faith  discriminate  guesswork  notion  presumed  intuition  suppose  inspiration

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

His wife was the direct _____________ for the main character in the book.
Thanks for all the _____________ you have in me.
Her _____________ was telling her that something was wrong.
We each have a _____________ of just what kind of person we'd like to be.
We can't make a decision based on hearsay and _____________.
It is illegal to Von grounds of race, sex or religion.
In British law, you are _____________ innocent until you are proved guilty.
Responsibility, I _____________ is what defines adulthood.

Circle the correct word.
Despite all the difficulties, he still remains optimistic/ pessimistic.
It is too early to assess/ speculate the full extent of the damage.
He was ingenious/ naive and easily influenced by his friends.
I couldn't concentrate/contemplate on my work - my mind was on other things.
Many were prejudiced/ sceptical as to whether the plan would succeed.
I don't think you've quite grasped/ assumed the seriousness of the situation.
Hanna is too embarrassed, too proud to query/ estimate this.
Take time to reckon/ deliberate; but when the time for action arrives, stop thinking and go in.
Nothing can justify/ consider such careless mistakes.
The police were cynical/ baffled, and Sherlock Holmes was called in to investigate.
From what I can reflect /gather, they're old school friends.
No one is born a genius/hunch.Just keep on doing what you like and that itself is a talent.

TOPIC: LEARNING

C

Choose the correct word.

1.

His previous employer describes him as honest, hard-working and ________.
A. ignorant
B. conscientious
C. inattentive
D. intensive
2. If you compare the two books side by side, it is clear that the author of the second has ________ from the first.
A. plagiarized
B. reckoned
C. assessed
D. speculated
3. The courses will give the beginner personal________in all types of outdoor photography.
A. curriculum
B. seminar
C. tuition
D. mock exam
4. I have to ________for my chemistry test tomorrow.
A. graduate
B. lecture
C. plagiarize
D. cram
5. You have to do a year's ________training to become a paramedic.
A. intensive
B. intellectual
C. knowledgeable
D. inattentive
6. He is smart but ________, he sometimes fails to concentrate when he is studying.
A. inattentive
B. intelligent
C. ignorant
D. knowledgeable
7. Englishn is the one compulsory foreign language on the school ________.
A.special needs
B. distance learning
C. lecture
D. curriculum
8. The glossaries and answer keys also make it suitable for ________.
A. intellectual
B. self-study
C. distance learning
D. mock exam
9. Students are asked to prepare material in advance of each weekly ________.
A. seminar
B. mock exam
C. tutorial
D. lecture
10. I did not know then what she was doing, for I was quite ________of all things.
A. conscientious
B. knowledgeable
C. ignorant
D. academic

PHRASAL VERBS
D

1.

Write the phrasal verbs for the following definitions then use the correct forms to complete the sentences below.
brush up on
come around to
face up to
figure out
hit upon
make out
mull over
piece together
puzzle out
read up on/about
swot up on
take in
think over
think through
think up
.....................................

2.
3.
4.
5.

.....................................
.....................................
.....................................

6.
7.

.....................................

8.
9.

.....................................

10.
11.
12.

.....................................
.....................................

13.
14.
15.
16.

.....................................
.....................................
.....................................

.....................................

.....................................

.....................................

.....................................

.....................................

to spend time reading in order to find out information about
something
to produce a new idea or plan
to discover or understand something by thinking hard about it
to change your opinion of something
to learn as much as you can about a subject, especially before an
exam
to suggest or think of an idea or plan
to improve your knowledge of something already learned but partly
forgotten
to carefully consider the possible results of doing something
to think of an idea when you didn't expect or intend to, especially one
that solves a problem
to deceive or trick someone
to understand or solve something
to create something by joining the separate parts of it together or by
joining different things together
to think carefully about something for a period of time
to consider an idea or plan carefully before making a decision
to accept that a difficult situation exists
to see, hear, or understand something or someone with difficulty

17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.

I still can't ________________ how I managed to spend so much money last month.
It's a good idea to ________________ on a company before going for an interview.
The police are collecting clues in order to ________________the details of the day she died.
Do you think the teacher ________________by your excuse?
You'd better ________________ your French before going to Paris.
I need some time to ________________- I don't want to make any sudden decisions.
He'll ________________ my point of view eventually.
She's at home, ________________her maths.
He ________________ a great idea for the ad campaign.
I said she could come and live with us, and she said she'd ________________.
She's going to have to ________________ the fact that he's not going to marry her.
I don't want to go tonight but I can't ________________ a good excuse.
If they know the cause of the problem, they might be able to ________________ how to prevent it happening again.
When we first ________________the idea, everyone told us it would never work.
She's a strange person - I can't ________________ at all.
McLaren had been ________________an idea to make a movie.

PHRASES, PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS
E

Use the suitable words or phrases to complete the following sentences
the basis for
brainchild
mental health
side by side
misapprehension
matter of principle

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

associated with
in two minds
of your dreams
focus on
straight
perspectives

On balance
consideration
on account of
in question
impression

beyond belief
came to your senses
without (a) doubt
conclusions
a long view

The encyclopedia was the _________________of historian John C. McCormick.
Dr. Gille couldn't reach any _______________based on the symptoms I described.
Taking _________________of the project, I began to think about rehearsal schedules.
The children sat ______________ on the sofa watching television.
I'm so tired I can't think _______________ anymore.
We bought this house partly ______________ the big shed in the back garden, which Marianne's converting into
a studio.
I never cheat a customer, as a ________________________.
The brutality of the murders was______________.
Turn your music down and show a little__________________ for the neighbors!
She is ___________________the best student I have ever taught.
For shareholders of the company ___________________ the idea of a takeover must be appealing.
I was under the ________________(that) you didn't get on too well.
The cancer risks _________________ smoking have been well documented.
It's time you ____________________ and realized that they are not going to help you.
The company's chief executive is moving to a new corporate headquarters in Dubai to __________ business in
the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and Asia.
I would say that, _______________, it hasn't been a bad year.
The initial negotiations are seen as laying ______________ more detailed talks.
Men still appear to be laboring under the _______________that women want hairy, muscular men.
Win the house _________________ in our fantastic competition!
It can be approached from two different _______________________.
Laughing is good for your _______________.
I was ______________whether or not to come this morning.

IDIOMS
F

Complete the following sentences with suitable idioms.
go to your head
know what's what
put two and two together
round the bend

have your wits about you
not have a leg to stand on
quick/slow on the uptake
split hairs

in the dark ( about)
not see the wood for the trees
ring a bell
take stocks of

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

He practises the same tune all day; it drives me __________________
You've got to __________________when you're driving a car.
Linda's been in the business for 30 years - she __________________.
The State Department doesn't __________________if it's going to contradict its own analysis.
Let's not __________________about whose turn it is; I'll close up today and you do ittomorrow.
__________________, it's not hard to guess who will bechosen for the lead role in the play
I managed to keep my parents __________________about this.
The way he's obsessing over one doorknob when we're renovating the entire house makes me think that he _______
___________.
9. Shirley will have no trouble learningthat new computer program-she's very __________________.
10. A: "Have you ever heard of Steve Robinson?" B: "Hmm, the name doesn't__________________."
11. He stopped to __________________ what he had read.
12. Ford is definitely not a man to let a little success __________________. He knows he still has a lot to learn.

WORD FORMATION
G Complete the following sentences with correct forms of the words given.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

He was _____________________and selfish, but undeniably clever. OPINION
It's totally _____________________, but I'm frightened of mice. RATIONALITY
She was not really convinced by this line of _____________________. REASONABLENESS
He was praised for showing strong leadership and _____________________ in a time of great uncertainty. DECIDE
Economists normally _____________________a recession as
two successive quarters of negative growth.
DEFINITION
There's an unspoken _____________________in the department that Sue will take over the post when Ian leaves.
ASSUME
To avoid _____________________, the twins never wore the same clothes. CONFUSE
"I was not nervous, just tense," he said, _____________________. CONVINCE
An immediate record of achievement won many neutrals and _____________________. DOUBT
I thought most of the characters in the play were totally _____________________. BELIEVE
It would be _____________________for her to change her mind. CONCEIVE
We should make _____________________use of the resources available to us. JUDGE
She may think your reaction is crazy or _____________________, but she cannot deny what you are feeling.
LOGIC
It would be _____________________not to take advantage of this opportunity. SANITY
They were knocked to the ground, beaten __________________and robbed of their wallets. SENSE
Armstrong was one of the most _____________________musicians in jazz. BRILLIANCE
I can't tell you how much I appreciate your_____________________. THINK
They've invested their money _____________________. WISDOM
Under the circumstances, what happened was quite _____________________. EXPLAIN
The hotel is decorated _____________________and attractively. IMAGINE

H Complete the new sentences using the words in brackets. Do not alter the given word in any way.
1.

I didn't believe in the explanation he gave. (WAS)
The explanation he gave _____________________________________ belief.
2. She informed the police because she assumed he was guilty of rape. (ASSUMPTION)
She informed the police _____________________________________ he was guilty of rape.
3. People generally think of bowls as a sport for old people. (CONSIDERED)
Bowls _________________________________ to be a sport for old people.
4. Freda still hasn't decided if she'll study medicine or law next year. (MIND)
Freda still hasn't _____________________________________________ to study medicine or law next year.
5. Many people believe that pirates buried treasure on the island. (COMMON)
It __________________________________ that pirates buried treasure on the island.
6. She needs to consider the amount the holiday is going to cost. (ACCOUNT)
She needs ___________________________________ much the holiday is going to cost.
7. I would find Andy more attractive if he didn't laugh at strange things. (SENSE)
If it were ___________________________________ humor, I would find Andy quite attractive.
8. It was Jane who came up with the idea for the sales promotion. (BRAINS)
Jane ___________________________________ the sales promotion.
9. I forbid you to go to that place. (QUESTION)
It's ___________________________________ for you to go that place.
10. The best answer was given by Thomas. (CAME)
Thomas ___________________________________ answer.
11. She knew nothing about the party that they were planning. (DARK)
She was ___________________________________ the party that they were planning.
12. She never thought that he would end up in prison. (CROSSED)
It ___________________________________ that he would end up in prison.
13. The best thing to do is to be honest with her about the situation. (STRAIGHT)
If I were you, ___________________________________ her about the situation.
14. Apparently, only one percent of the total land is used for agricultural production. (ACCOUNTS)
It seems that agricultural production ___________________________________ the total land

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ANSWER KEYS

UNIT 2
VOCABULARY

TOPIC: THINKING

A Complete the sentences using the correct words from the box.
paradox  plausible  biased  ideology  ponder  dilemma  dubious  deduce

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Many women are faced with the dilemma of choosing between work and family commitments.
But without a unifying ideology, once the outside threat goes away unity quickly disappears.
It is a curious paradox that professional comedians often have unhappy personal lives.
My parents were dubious about it at first but we soon convinced them.
I stood still, trying to invent a plausible excuse.
Darwin's observations led him to deduce that plants and animals could adapt to their surroundings.
The long weekend also gave me time to myself to rest and ponder on all that had gone and was to come.
Liverpool only lost the game because the referee was biased.

faith  discriminate  guesswork  notion  presumed  intuition  suppose  inspiration

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

His wife was the direct inspiration for the main character in the book.
Thanks for all the faith you have in me.
Her intuition was telling her that something was wrong.
We each have a notion of just what kind of person we'd like to be.
We can't make a decision based on hearsay and guesswork.
It is illegal to discriminate on grounds of race, sex or religion.
In British law, you are presumed innocent until you are proved guilty.
Responsibility, I suppose, is what defines adulthood.

Circle the correct word.
Despite all the difficulties, he still remains optimistic/ pessimistic.
It is too early to assess/ speculate the full extent of the damage.
He was ingenious/ naive and easily influenced by his friends.
I couldn't concentrate/ contemplate on my work - my mind was on other things.
Many were prejudiced/ sceptical as to whether the plan would succeed.
I don't think you've quite grasped/ assumed the seriousness of the situation.
Hanna is too embarrassed, too proud to query/ estimate this.
Take time to reckon/ deliberate; but when the time for action arrives, stop thinking and go in.
Nothing can justify/ consider such careless mistakes.
The police were cynical/ baffled, and Sherlock Holmes was called in to investigate.
From what I can reflect / gather, they're old school friends.
No one is born a genius/ hunch. Just keep on doing what you like and that itself is a talent.

TOPIC: LEARNING

C

Choose the correct word.

1.

His previous employer describes him as honest, hard-working and ________.
A. ignorant
B. conscientious
C. inattentive
D. intensive
2. If you compare the two books side by side, it is clear that the author of the second has ________ from the first.
A. plagiarized
B. reckoned
C. assessed
D. speculated
3. The courses will give the beginner personal________in all types of outdoor photography.
A. curriculum
B. seminar
C. tuition
D. mock exam
4. I have to ________for my chemistry test tomorrow.
A. graduate
B. lecture
C. plagiarize
D. cram
5. You have to do a year's ________training to become a paramedic.
A. intensive
B. intellectual
C. knowledgeable
D. inattentive
6. He is smart but ________, he sometimes fails to concentrate when he is studying.
A. inattentive
B. intelligent
C. ignorant
D. knowledgeable
7. Englishn is the one compulsory foreign language on the school ________.
A.special needs
B. distance learning
C. lecture
D. curriculum
8. The glossaries and answer keys also make it suitable for ________.
A. intellectual
B. self-study
C. distance learning
D. mock exam
9. Students are asked to prepare material in advance of each weekly ________.
A. seminar
B. mock exam
C. tutorial
D. lecture
10. I did not know then what she was doing, for I was quite ________of all things.
A. conscientious
B. knowledgeable
C. ignorant
D. academic

PHRASAL VERBS
D
1.

Write the phrasal verbs for the following definitions then use the correct forms to complete the sentences below.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

READ UP
ON/ABOUT
THINK UP
PUZZLE OUT
COME AROUND
SWOT UP ON
COME UP WITH
BRUSH UP
THINK THROUGH
HIT UPON

10.
11.
12.

TAKE IN
FIGURE OUT
PIECE TOGETHER

13.
14.
15.
16.

MULL OVER
THINK OVER
FACE UP TO
MAKE OUT

17.
18.
19.
20.

to spend time reading in order to find out information about something
to produce a new idea or plan
to discover or understand something by thinking hard about it
to change your opinion of something
to learn as much as you can about a subject, especially before an exam
to suggest or think of an idea or plan
to improve your knowledge of something already learned but partly forgotten
to carefully consider the possible results of doing something
to think of an idea when you didn't expect or intend to, especially one
that solves a problem
to deceive or trick someone
to understand or solve something
to create something by joining the separate parts of it together or by
joining different things together
to think carefully about something for a period of time
to consider an idea or plan carefully before making a decision
to accept that a difficult situation exists
to see, hear, or understand something or someone with difficulty

I still can't PUZZLE OUT how I managed to spend so much money last month.
It's a good idea to READ UP on a company before going for an interview.
The police are collecting clues in order to PIECE TOGETHER the details of the day she died.
Do you think the teacher WAS TAKEN IN by your excuse?

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.

You'd better BRUSH UP your French before going to Paris.
I need some time to THINK IT THROUGH - I don't want to make any sudden decisions.
He'll COME AROUND TO my point of view eventually.
She's at home, SWOTTING UP ON her maths.
He CAME UP WITH a great idea for the ad campaign.
I said she could come and live with us, and she said she'd THINK IT OVER.
She's going to have to FACE UP TO the fact that he's not going to marry her.
I don't want to go tonight but I can't THINK UP a good excuse.
If they know the cause of the problem, they might be able to FIGURE OUT how to prevent it happening again.
When we first HIT UPON the idea, everyone told us it would never work.
She's a strange person - I can't MAKE HER OUT at all.
McLaren had been MULLING OVER an idea to make a movie.

PHRASES, PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS
E
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.

Use the suitable words or phrases to complete the following sentences
The encyclopedia was the brainchild of historian John C. McCormick.
Dr. Gille couldn't reach any conclusion based on the symptoms I described.
Taking a long view of the project, I began to think about rehearsal schedules.
The children sat side by side on the sofa watching television.
I'm so tired I can't think straight anymore.
We bought this house partly on account of the big shed in the back garden, which Marianne's converting into
a studio.
I never cheat a customer, as a matter of principle.
The brutality of the murders was beyond belief.
Turn your music down and show a little consideration for the neighbors!
She is without a doubt the best student I have ever taught.
For shareholders of the company in question the idea of a takeover must be appealing.
I was under the impression (that) you didn't get on too well.
The cancer risks associated with smoking have been well documented.
It's time you came to your senses and realized that they are not going to help you.
The company's chief executive is moving to a new corporate headquarters in Dubai to focus on business in
the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and Asia.
I would say that, on balance, it hasn't been a bad year. The initial negotiations are seen as laying the basis for
more detailed talks.
Men still appear to be laboring under the misapprehension that women want hairy, muscular men.
Win the house of your dream in our fantastic competition!
It can be approached from two different perspectives.
Laughing is good for your mental health.
I was in two minds whether or not to come this morning.

IDIOMS
F
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Complete the following sentences with suitable idioms.
He practices the same tune all day; it drives me round the bend
You've got to have your wits about you when you're driving a car.
Linda's been in the business for 30 years - she knows what's what.
The State Department doesn't have a leg to stand on if it's going to contradict its own analysis.
Let's not split hairs about whose turn it is; I'll close up today and you do ittomorrow.
Putting two and two together, it's not hard to guess who will bechosen for the lead role in the play
I managed to keep my parents in the dark about this.
The way he's obsessing over one doorknob when we're renovating the entire house makes me think that he can't see
the wood for the trees.

9.
10.
11.
12.

Shirley will have no trouble learning that new computer program-she's very quick on the uptake .
A: "Have you ever heard of Steve Robinson?" B: "Hmm, the name doesn't ring a bell."
He stopped to take stock of what he had read.
Ford is definitely not a man to let a little success go to his head. He knows he still has a lot to learn.

WORD FORMATION
G

Complete the following sentences with correct forms of the words given.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

He was opinionated and selfish, but undeniably clever.
It's totally irrational, but I'm frightened of mice.
She was not really convinced by this line of reasoning.
He was praised for showing strong leadership and decisiveness in a time of great uncertainty.
Economists normally define a recession as two successive quarters of negative growth.
There's an unspoken assumption in the department that Sue will take over the post when Ian leaves.
To avoid confusion, the twins never wore the same clothes.
"I was not nervous, just tense," he said, unconvincingly.
An immediate record of achievement won many neutrals and doubters.
I thought most of the characters in the play were totally unbelievable.
It would be inconceivable for her to change her mind.
We should make judicious use of the resources available to us.
She may think your reaction is crazy or illogical, but she cannot deny what you are feeling.
It would be insane not to take advantage of this opportunity.
They were knocked to the ground, beaten senseless and robbed of their wallets.
Armstrong was one of the most brilliant musicians in jazz.
I can't tell you how much I appreciate your thoughtfulness.
They've invested their money wisely.
Under the circumstances, what happened was quite explicable.
The hotel is decorated imaginatively and attractively.

H

Complete the new sentences using the words in brackets. Do not alter the given word in any way.

1. I didn't believe in the explanation he gave. (WAS)
The explanation he gave was beyond my belief.
2. She informed the police because she assumed he was guilty of rape. (ASSUMPTION)
She informed the police on the assumption that he was guilty of rape.
3. People generally think of bowls as a sport for old people. (CONSIDERED)
Bowls is generally considered (to be)to be a sport for old people.
4. Freda still hasn't decided if she'll study medicine or law next year. (MIND)
Freda still hasn't made up her mind whether to study medicine or law next year.
5. Many people believe that pirates buried treasure on the island. (COMMON)
It is a common belief that pirates buried treasure on the island.
6. She needs to consider the amount the holiday is going to cost. (ACCOUNT)
She needs to take into account how much the holiday is going to cost.
7. I would find Andy more attractive if he didn't laugh at strange things. (SENSE)
If it were not for his strange sense of humour, I would find Andy quite attractive.
8. It was Jane who came up with the idea for the sales promotion. (BRAINS)
Jane was the brains behind the sales promotion.
9. I forbid you to go to that place. (QUESTION)
It's out of the question for you to go that place.
10. The best answer was given by Thomas. (CAME)
Thomas came up with the best answer.
11. She knew nothing about the party that they were planning. (DARK)
She was kept in the dark about the party that they were planning.
12. She never thought that he would end up in prison. (CROSSED)
It never crossed her mind that he would end up in prison.

13. The best thing to do is to be honest with her about the situation. (STRAIGHT)
If I were you, I would be straight with her about the situation.
14. Apparently, only one percent of the total land is used for agricultural production. (ACCOUNTS)
It seems that agricultural production accounts for (just/only) one percent of the total land

---THE END---

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