UNIT 1.
A long and healthy life
A. Pronunciation
 Strong and weak forms of auxiliary verbs
Underline the weak form and double underline the strong form of the auxiliary verbs in the
following short exchanges. Then practise them with your partner.
1. A: Do you often work out in the morning?
B: Yes, Ido.
2. A: Can you swim in the butterfly style?
B: No, I can't.
3. A: Have you ever practised karate?
B: Yes, I have.
4. A: Aren't you an aerobic instructor?
B: Yes, I am.
5. A: Didn't you have time for the swimming practice yesterday?
B: No, I didn't. I was busy yesterday.
6. A: Has she joined a gym?
B: Yes, she has.
7. A: Can doing squats bum a lot of calories?
B: Yes, it can.
8. A: Shall we go now?
B: I think we ought to.
9. A: Must we go now?
B: I think we must.
10. A: Does lifting weights build our muscles?
B: Certainly, it does.

B. Vocabulary
• Words and phrases related to health and fitness
I. Complete the sentences with the words given.

muscles

diet

life expectancy avoid

treatment

develop

active

repetitive

cut down

lifestyle

strength

fit

1. The instructions give a balanced _______________, and protect against infections.
2. You must be very _______________ if you do so much running.
3. Regular exercise will help to strengthen your _______________.
4. We focus on the importance of _______________ participation by elderly people in the life of the
community.
5. _______________ for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years.
6. Some of the tasks required considerable physical _______________.
7. There have been great advances in the _______________ of cancer.
8. You can change your eating habits and lead a healthier _______________.
9. Computers are now being brought into this career to perform _______________ tasks.
10. The doctor told him to _______________ on his drinking.
11. Some alcoholics _______________ liver cancer when they drink heavily.
12. Pregnant women should _______________ certain foods such as raw eggs.
II. Complete the sentences with the verbs given in the correct form.
fall

include

ensure

treat

give up

lead

help

give off

work out

stay

1. I go jogging every morning and _______________ with weights twice a week.
2. Peter has decided to _______________ football at the end of this season.
3. My father always _______________ a very active life.
4. How do you make this change and _______________ a balanced diet?
5. A healthy lifestyle _______________ taking exercise and not smoking.
6. The fire doesn't seem to _______________ much heat.
7. One in seven road accidents is caused by drivers _______________ asleep at the wheel.
8. Eat right to _______________ healthy.
9. It was difficult to _______________ patients because of a shortage of medicine.
10. Herbal products can _______________ you to relax and sleep well.
III. Fill in each blank in the following sentences with the correct word / phrase below.
immune system

life expectancy

ageing

workout

longevity

boosting

meditation

nutritious

1. _______________ takes many forms, but its core is the ability to control the mind and quieten it
down.
2. Learning is the most fundamental brain _______________ - and the more you do it, the more you'll
benefit.
3. Research for more recent periods shows a surprising and continuing improvement in
_______________ among those aged 80 or above.
4. Many individuals through the ages realized there was a very important link between health,
exercise, fitness, meditation, intelligence and _______________.
5. A research suggests that tai chi may also slow down _______________ by boosting a certain type of
stem cell.
6. Bird's nest soup brings overall benefit to the _______________ and it gives you glowing skin.
7. Widespread gardening provides an opportunity for exercise, sunlight and _______________ food
for people in Okinawa, Japan.
8. The first step in _______________ Nagano's life span was a campaign to reduce salt consumption
and promote a healthier diet and lifestyle.
IV. Complete the following famous sayings with the words below.
cheerfulness

nutrition

basis

fitness

cures

healthy

cleanliness

illness

disease

value

Best Sayings About Health & Nutrition

1. “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man ______________, wealthy and wise”, Benjamin
Franklin.
2. “Physical ______________ is not only one of the most important keys to a healthy body, but it is
also the basis of dynamic and creative intellectual activity”, John F. Kennedy.
3. “Those who think they have no time for exercise will sooner or later have to find time for
______________,” Edward Stanley.
4. “Health is like money, we never have a true idea of its ______________ until we lose it,” Josh
Billings.
5. “The doctor of the future will no longer treat the human frame with drugs, but rather will cure and
prevent disease with ______________,” Thomas Edison.
6. “A good laugh and a long sleep are the best ______________ in the doctor's book,” an Irish proverb.
7. “To ensure good health: eat lightly, breathe deeply, live moderately, cultivate, ______________ and
maintain an interest in life,” William Londen.
8. “Today, more than 95% of all chronic ______________ is caused by food choice, toxic food
ingredients, nutritional deficiencies and lack of physical exercise,” Mike Adams.
9. “Water, air and ______________ are the chief articles in my pharmacopoeia,” Napoleon I.
10. “By cleansing your body on a regular ______________ and eliminating as many toxins as possible
from your environment, your body can begin to heal itself, prevent disease, and become stronger and
more resilient than you ever dreamed possible!” Dr. Edward.
• Vocabulary for CLIL: Bacteria and viruses
V. Complete the sentences with the words given.
disease

organisms

illness

infected

vaccine

antibiotics

bacteria

spread

food poisoning

infectious

1. I'm taking ______________ for a throat infection.
2. Clean the wound so it doesn't get ______________.
3. Foot and mouth disease is caused by a highly ______________ virus which animals either eat or
inhale.
4. All living ______________ have to adapt to changes in environmental conditions.
5. There is no ______________ against HIV infection.
6. ______________ is an illness of the stomach caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria.
7. She sutlers from a rare ______________ of the brain.
8. Doctors say that his ______________ isn't life-threatening.
9. Some ______________ help the human body fight disease.
10. Some unhygienic conditions encourage the ______________ of disease.
 Prepositions
VI. Complete each sentence with the correct preposition.
1. They are looking ______________ ways to add further value ______________ their products.
2. He is receiving treatment ______________ cancer.
3. I don't have any sugar so you'll have to do ______________.
4. You can help prevent heart disease ______________ changing your lifestyle.
5. His back injury may prevent him ______________ playing in tomorrow's game.
6. The wood gave ______________ a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned.
7. Cut down ______________ fatty foods if you want to lose weight.
8. He has changed a lot ______________ the past decade.
9. Diseases that were once thought incurable can be treated ______________ antibiotics.
10. She suffers ______________ a rare bone disease.

C. Grammar
• Past simple vs Present perfect
I. Choose the correct words.
1. David has been / was at the beach for hours. I think he's having a great time there.
2. Have your friends bought / Did your friends buy tickets for the concert yesterday?
3. My younger sister has started / started school six months ago.
4. So far this week we've seen / we saw two funny films on TV.

5. I've talked / I talked to my grandparents on the phone last week.
6. What's the noise? Have your neighbours bought / Did your neighbours buy a new dog recently?
7. Have you seen / Did you see Nick this week?
8. We've known / We knew Ann and Tom for three years. We're really good friends now.
II. Choose the correct answers.
1. My school football team hasn't won / didn't win a match since the start of the year.
2. I haven't been / didn't go to China. What's it like?
3. It has rained / rained three times this week.
4. I have seen / saw my first Disney film when I was four years old.
5. I feel at home in this village because we have lived / lived here for six years now.
6. I'm a big football fan, but I have never been / never went to the stadium.
7. It hasn't rained / didn't rain for a long time, so it's very hot.
8. I have sent / sent an email to Jack last week, but he hasn't replied.
III. Complete the sentences. Use the past simple in one sentence and the present perfect in the
other.
1.

a Italy ______________ the World Cup in 2006. (win)
b He's happy because Manchester United ______________ all their matches this year. (win)

2.

a 'Can you tidy your room?' - 'I ______________ it this morning.' (tidy)
b 'Can you tidy your room?' - 'I ______________ it.' (tidy)

3.

a What time ______ you ______ home last night? (arrive)
b '_____ Ben _____?' - 'Yes, he's in the living room.' (arrive)

4.

a Come on, let's eat. Dad ______________ dinner. (cook)
b Who ______________ this food? It's delicious. (cook)

5.

a I ______________ lots of interesting people since I arrived. (meet)
b ______ you ______ anyone interesting while you were on holiday? (meet)

IV. Complete the text using the present perfect or the past simple form of the verb in brackets.
I 1 ______________ (meet) Andy on a diving course when I was seventeen. We 2 ______________ (be)
together since then and in the last six years we 3 ______________ (visit) some awesome places on our
holidays. Last month, we 4 ______________ (decide) to get married. The wedding 5 ______________
(be) great, but exhausting because we were underwater and I 6 ______________ (have) a big wedding
dress on. Since we got married, we 7 ______________ (not have) time to think or relax. These last few

weeks 8 ______________ (go) very fast. Time flies when you're in love.
V. Complete the dialogue using the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs in brackets, or
an auxiliary verb.
Nick: 1 _______ you ever _______ (visit) Disneyland Paris?
Ann: Yes, I 2 ______________. It's fantastic.
Nick: When 3 ______________ you(go) there?
Ann: I 4 ______________ (go) with my mum last weekend.
Nick: Really?
Ann: Yes, we 5 ______________ (travel) there by train on Friday evening and we 6 ______________
(leave) on Sunday morning. But my dad 7 ______________ (not come) with us.
Nick: 8 ________ he _______ (be) there before?
Ann: No, he 9 ______________. He hates places like that. He

10

______________ (not visit) a theme

park since 1995 when he 11 ______________ (be) fourteen years old.
Nick: And what 12 ________ you ________(think) of the rides?
Ann: I really

13

______________ (like) them all - especially the Big Thunder Mountain ride. It's

terrifying. 14 _______ you ever _______ (see) a photo of it?
Nick: No, I 15 ______________. But I 16 ______________ (hear) a lot about it. It sounds great.
VI. Complete the text about young adventurers with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Young Adventurers
Most people 1 ______________ (never visit) the North Pole, but Parker Wilson has. Last year, Parker
2

______________ (ski) 130 km across the Arctic in freezing temperatures. In the same year, he also

3

______________ (start) a Facebook page about climate change. It's amazing because Parker is only

sixteen years old and still 4 ______________ (not finish) school - he's a very young adventurer.
5

______________ you (ever be) to the South Pole? Maybe not, but in 2009, Katie Walter

6

______________ (walk) there and back in twenty days. She was only seventeen years old and she

7

______________ (make) a lot of money for charity.

Parker and Katie
9

8

______________ (achieve) great things, but they are both still teenagers.

______________ they (do) too much, too young? Some people think so. Some psychologists say that

it's dangerous for teens to take these risks because their brains

10

______________ (not develop)

enough. Katie and Parker probably disagree. What do you think?
VII. Complete the text about a veteran's story with the present perfect or past simple form of the

verbs below. Add already, just, or yet if necessary.
become

give

have

not be

not go

not produce

raise

sail

study

travel

work

write

A Veteran's Story
Anthony Smith is an old-age pensioner from London. He

1

______________ a life full of adventure.

When he was young, he 2 ______________ biology at university. After that, he 3 ______________ a
pilot and also 4 ______________ as a science correspondent for a newspaper. He 5 ______________
more than thirty books, but he 6 ______________ any films. In January 2012, he 7 ______________
from the Canary Islands to the Bahamas in the Caribbean. He wanted to prove that old people can still
have adventures. He
9

8

______________ alone. Three other old adventurers joined him. He

______________ a lot of money for a charity that provides clean water for people in Africa, Asia and

Central America. He 10 ______________ through seventy countries, but he

11

______________ to the

South Pole. He 12 ______________ an interview for our newspaper. You can read it in the next issue.
VIII. Complete the dialogues with the verbs given. Use the past simple or present perfect form.
go

stay

visit

Phong: 1 ________ you ________ to the USA?
Linda: Yes, I 2 ______________ San Francisco last year.
Phong: Where 3 _______you _______?
Linda: At my uncle's house.
be

give

open

receive

say

write

Phong: 4 _______you _______ a present that you don't like?
Linda: Yes, my aunt 5 ______________ me a yellow sweatshirt for my birthday.
Phong: What 6 ______________ you to her?
Linda: Nothing. She 7 ______________ there when I 8 ______________ it. But I 9 ______________ her
a nice thank-you letter.

D. Reading
• How to live a long and healthy life
I. Read the statements. Decide if they are true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
A Healthy Lifestyle
Some habits might help people live longer. Researchers think that the key is eating well and being
active.

Having a healthy diet is important. It's important to eat a good number of fruits and vegetables. Not
all foods are good for you, though. Having too many fruits can still be bad for you. You should also
avoid junk foods and sweets. A treat once in a while isn't bad, but don't let them become a regular
part of your diet.
Being active is also important. Sometimes it can be hard to find an activity you like. You don't have to
play a sport like rugby. You can walk or run. You can ride a bike or hike. You can do yoga or dance. It
doesn't matter what activity you do. But it is important to do something.
With these small changes, you will live a longer, healthier life!
1. The passage is about rugby.

______

2. Eating fruits and vegetables is an important part of a healthy diet.

______

3. The passage says you should not have junk foods and sweets.

______

4. Being active is important for living a long life.

______

5. Sports are the best way to stay physically active.

______

6. Doing yoga or playing rugby can help ensure a healthy lifestyle.

______

II. Fill in each blank with the correct question for each answer.

A Guide to Tai Chi
A. Can I learn tai chi from a book or DVD?
B. Will I injure myself doing tai chi?
C. What is tai chi?
D. Don't I need to be fit to do tai chi?
E. What are the health benefits of tai chi?
F. Are there different styles of tai chi?
G. Can tai chi help to prevent falls?

H. What's the basic technique?
1. ________________________________________________________________
It combines deep breathing and relaxation with slow and gentle movements. Originally developed as
a martial art in the 13 th century in China, it is today practised around the world as a health-promoting
exercise.
2. ________________________________________________________________
Yes, such as yang, chen and wu. Some teachers often practise a combination of styles. The main
differences between the different tai chi styles are in the speed of movement and the way the body
holds the postures.
3. ________________________________________________________________
Tai chi is characterised by its slow, graceful, continuous movements that are gentle on the joints and
muscles. Done correctly, you'll find that the tai chi poses flow smoothly from one into another.
4. ________________________________________________________________
Studies have shown that tai chi can help people aged 65 and over to reduce stress, improve balance
and general mobility, and increase muscle strength in the legs.
5. ________________________________________________________________
Tai chi is essentially a gentle activity that is unlikely to cause injury if done correctly. The exercises
involve lots of flowing, easy movements that don't stress the joints or muscles.
6. ________________________________________________________________
Some research suggests that tai chi can reduce the risk of falls among older adults who are at
increased risk. However, more research is needed.
7. ________________________________________________________________
No, tai chi is for everyone. It is ideal for inactive older people wanting to raise their activity levels
gently and gradually.
8. ________________________________________________________________
It's a good idea to learn the basics of tai chi from an instructor to make sure your style is correct,
effective and won't cause injury. You can consider using a book or DVD once you're familiar with the
poses.
III. Read the passage, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).

No Pain, Big Gains
In China, it is believed that tai chi can delay ageing and prolong life, increase flexibility, strengthen
muscles and tendons, and aid in the treatment of heart disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, skin
diseases, depression, cancer, and many other diseases.
Most of the research on tai chi has been done in older individuals in the area of balance and fall
prevention. This area of research is important because fall-related injuries are the leading cause of
death from injury and disability among older adults. Because tai chi movements are slow and
deliberate with shifts of body weight from one leg to the other in coordination with upper body
movements, it challenges balance and many have long assumed it helps improve balance and reduce
fall frequency.
In a similar tai chi study of older adults, 54% of the subjects who practised tai chi attributed their
improved sense of confidence to improved balance. One study looked at adults in their 60s and 70s
who practised tai chi three times a week for 12 weeks (60-minute classes). After just six weeks,
statistically significant improvements were observed in balance, muscular strength, endurance, and
flexibility measures. Improvements in each of these areas increased further after another 12 weeks.
The demands of living are stressful for adults of all ages. Although one cannot directly point to studies
showing a reduction in stress from practising tai chi, the breathing, movement, and mental
concentration required of individuals who practise tai chi may be just the distraction you need from
your hectic lifestyle.
1. It is believed by many in the world that tai chi has many benefits in treatments of many illnesses
and diseases.

_____

2. Injuries from falls are a big problem among elderly people.

_____

3. With its slow movements and its shifts of body weight between the legs, tai chi can improve

balance and reduce fall frequency.
_____
4. All the people who practise tai chi gain their sense of confidence in life.

_____

5. Improvements were observed clearly in balance, muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility
measures after twelve weeks.

_____

6. Exercising tai chi can help people, especially adults recover from stress from the hectic lifestyle.
_____
IV. Read the text, and then do the tasks that follow.

A Healthy Lifestyle
Having a healthy lifestyle is not just about eating healthily and exercising. It often refers to having a
balance between work and life.
To start with, make sure you get plenty of sleep. Some research suggests that teenagers need more
sleep than adults, however, it's often the case that they get less than they need. With homework and
social obligations, you can be staying up late but still have to get up early to get to classes, work or
other activities. To function properly, your body and mind need a minimum of eight hours of sleep
each night.
Eating a well-balanced diet can sound much easier than it is. A lot of people are really conscious about
what they eat, and try and make healthy choices. If you think you have too much junk food and want
to make some changes to your diet, don't try and eliminate all junk food. You should drink plenty of
water, eat a balance of protein, whole grains, fruit and vegetables daily, and don't skip breakfast - eat
something for breakfast every day.

Exercising regularly is part of having a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity helps build a strong body and
mind. Doing physical activity releases endorphins, which are a chemical your body produces, which
gives you a good feeling. Physical activity is also an effective way to manage moods and is a really
good lifestyle choice to improve your overall well-being.
Having friends and family that you can confide in is really important. To be a healthy person, you need
to have people around you that you can talk to about what's happening to you, rather than dealing
with them alone.
Another important part of having a healthy lifestyle is remembering to "play". Just taking time to
laugh, have fun and being around people who make you feel good is part of having balance in your
life.
Take time to learn about what makes you feel good and remember to include some of those things in
your day.
Task 1. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the problem of sleep that teenagers often meet?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What kind of food and drink should teenagers have?
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why does doing physical activity give us a good feeling?
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. What are other benefits of physical activity?
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. What can you share with your friends?
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. What is the function of having fun and being around people in our lifestyle?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Task 2. Find the words or expressions in the text which have the following meanings.
1. a situation in which different things are of equal importance

_______________________

2. the food that you eat or drink regularly

_______________________

3. food that is unhealthy but is quick or easy to eat

_______________________

4. not to do or not have something

_______________________

5. the state of feeling healthy and happy

_______________________

6. to share your feelings or secrets with someone

_______________________

V. Read the text, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.

Discover How Laughter Can Work for You!
You've probably heard the expression “Laughter is the best medicine”. Scientists and medical doctors
now agree that laughter can help people to deal with stress and anger. Research has shown that
people who feel happy and relaxed are healthier and have better relationships.
Laughter Yoga is a series of exercises. Laughter Yoga teaches you to laugh for no reason. You don't
have to have a sense of humour, or understand funny jokes. You just have to laugh.
When you do Laughter Yoga in a group, you laugh and do yoga breathing, so that you increase the
amount of oxygen in your body. Soon the laughter exercises turn into real laughter. After a laughter
yoga class, you feel calm and relaxed, but also full of energy and happy.
She is a member of Laughter Network, a group of professionals who want to bring more laughter,
health, and happiness into people's lives. They run Laughter Yoga classes and workshops in the UK,
and Julie runs Laughter Yoga holidays in Turkey, Egypt, Spain, and Morocco.
Laughing is good for the body and the mind. When we laugh, we breathe more oxygen into our body,
which helps to keep US healthy. Endorphins, or happy chemicals, are released in the body, and you
feel more relaxed and happy. Laughter also brings people together to share some fun.
Companies who have run Laughter Yoga workshops find that they have advantages for both
employers and employees. People who are happy at work are more hard-working and make more
money for the company. Also, people who laugh together communicate more successfully. In general,
people do better at work when they feel happy and relaxed.
If you're not sure about Laughter Yoga, remember this, children laugh 300-400 times a day, but adults
only laugh around fifteen times a day.
Get more laughter in your life - you can feel the change in you, and when you change, the world

changes. Laughter is really the best medicine. You can get more information about Laughter Yoga on
its website at laughter_yoga@india.com.
1. Laughing is good for our body EXCEPT that ___________________.
A. we feel more relaxed and happy

B. we breathe in more oxygen

C. it improves communication

D. it helps release happy chemicals

2. It is good to laugh and do yoga breathing exercises at the same time because _________________.
A. you laugh very funnily a lot during the laughter yoga classes
B. you join a group and meet professionals all around the world
C. Laughter Yoga teaches you to have a sense of humour and understand funny jokes
D. you not only feel calm and relaxed, but also have full of energy and happiness
3. Laughter Yoga ____________________.
A. started in India with a small group of people
B. was developed by a doctor as a treatment
C. started in sixty countries with over 6,000 laughter clubs
D. was developed by first students of Dr. Kataria
4. All of the following are true about Julie Whitehead EXCEPT that _______________________.
A. she became one of the first British Laughter Yoga teachers with Dr. Kataria
B. she is a member of Laughter Network which run Laughter Yoga classes and workshops in the UK
C. she has practised Laughter Yoga for thirty years in her life
D. she herself runs Laughter Yoga vacations in some foreign countries
5. The advantage for a company when their employees do Laughter Yoga is that _________________.
A. the employees earn more money from the company
B. the employees are more hard-working and productive
C. all people can laugh together funnily
D. Laughter Yoga workshops only have advantages for employers
6. The saying “Laughter is the best medicine” maybe means that _______________________.
A. you should have a sense of humour in order to laugh
B. trying to laugh is a good treatment to patients
C. it is good for your physical and mental health to laugh
D. laughter is the medicine of best quality that doctors have
7. The expression “professionals” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to _____________________.

A. people who follow a hobby with great enthusiasm
B. people who follow a career in order to earn good pay
C. people who have high positions in their companies
D. people who are well trained and extremely skilled
8. The text is written for _______________________.
A. adults

B. elderly people

C. children

D. Laughter Yoga teachers

9. You would find this description of Laughter Yoga classes ____________________.
A, in a newspaper

B. in a brochure

C. on a website

D. in a journal

10. The main purpose of the text is ___________________.
A. to compare Laughter Yoga with ordinary yoga
B. to introduce Laughter Yoga and its benefits
C. to tell the history of Laughter Yoga
D. to give information about Laughter Yoga classes
VI. Read the text, and do the following tasks.
In the past, many people died from bacterial diseases because there was no cure for them. Then
antibiotics were discovered. These powerful medicines kill the bacteria that cause specific diseases. As
a result, people live longer now than half a century ago. However, today, we're facing a new health
risk - bacteria which is resistant to antibiotics. This is because bacteria grow quickly and adapt in order
to survive antibiotics.
When you have a check-up at the doctor's, do you think you should always get a prescription for
antibiotics? A lot of people do. However, we mustn't use antibiotics when it isn't necessary. If you've
got a cold or flu, you shouldn't use antibiotics because these illnesses are caused by viruses.
Antibiotics can't kill viruses. To get over these illnesses, you should rest, take a painkiller and drink a
lot of water. You should also stay at home to avoid infecting others.
When antibiotics is appropriate, you must always make sure you take the complete course. If not,
there might be some bacteria left in your body and it can develop resistance. If we use antibiotics
correctly and less often, it will help to stop the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and give
scientists time to invent new types of antibiotics. If we don't change our habits, it will become harder
to treat diseases and life expectancy might fall.
Task 1. Choose the best main idea of the text.
A. Be sensible with antibiotics

B. Never take antibiotics again
C. Antibiotics - the universal treatment
D. Antibiotics always make us better
Task 2. Match the words in the text and their meanings.
1. cure

_____ A. the piece of paper that a doctor gives you to get medicine

2. diseases

_____ B. feel better after being ill

3. prescription

_____ C. a series of doses of medicine
...