UNIT 6. VIETNAM: THEN AND NOW

A. PHONETICS
I. Put the sentences into the columns according to their stress pattern.
Don't cry! Go away! Hurry up! Keep walking! Shut up! Go ahead! Turn it off! Get ready! Try it on!
Get out! Keep silent! Put it down!
OO
OOo
OoO
OOO
II. Write the stress pattern on all words in the sentences.
1. ____________ Look out!        
5. ____________ Keep going!
2. ____________ Don't make noise!        6. ____________ Stop it!
3. ____________ Take a break!        
7. ____________ Come on in!
4. ____________ Sit down!        
8. ____________ Be careful!
B. VOCABULARY
I. Match the words or phrases with the descriptions.
1. tram
a. a railway system in which electric trains travel through tunnels below
2. skytrain
the ground
3. tunnel
b. a road or path that goes under another road or railway track
4. elevated walkway c. a road having their top surface made by mixing cement, sand, stones
5. flyover
and water
6. underpass
d. a train or train system that runs above the ground
7. concrete road
e. an overground pedestrian path which helps people cross big crowded
8. earthen road
roads
9. pavement
f. a flat path at the side of a road for people to walk on
10. subway
g. a bridge that carries a road or railway over another road
h. the cheapest type of road in which the structure is constructed totally
from the soil available at the site
i. an electric rail vehicle that runs on tracks along public urban streets
j. a passage built underground which allows people and vehicles to go
through
II. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from the box.

1. Those villagers lived in ________ whose roofs are made from straw or reeds.
2. Most of the country houses here are one storey high, made of wood, and have _______
3. I'm ________ to parents who are worried about what their children see on television.
4. They dug a drainage ________ around their house so that heavy rains cannot flood the floor.
5. My parents are opposed of my dressing style, but luckily they are ________ of my choice of
music.
6. Although Jimmy wasn't a good student at school, he was very respectful at home and ________
to his parents.
7. A(n) ________ , or elementary family, is a family group consisting of two parents and their
children.
8. Care within the ________ often flows from the oldest generation to the youngest.
9. Some students were highly ________ and attentive, they also spoke up readily regarding the
assignment.
10. These locals are better educated although ________ is still widespread among the poor.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. The bus driver didn't see the _______ walking across the street.
        A. pedestrians         B. motorists         C. cyclists        
D. commuters

2. When they came back to visit the city, they were _______ that it had developed so fast.
        A. dramatic        
B. astonished         C. horrible        
D. considerable
3. I saw some peasants in straw _______ harvesting rice when we passed the field.
        A. shoes        
B. sandals        
C. hats        
D. uniforms
4. Edmund is a cheerful and _______ student, he is also respectful to the elderly.
        A. tolerant        
B. obedient        
C. annoying         D. sympathetic
5. This year we have sold more rice than ever and will soon become the world's biggest rice
_______.
        A. transporter        
B. carrier        
C. importer        
D. exporter
6. This _______ road is made using crushed rock and sand, along with cement and water.
        A. earthen        
B. wooden        
C. concrete        
D. tiled
7. Police responded to a call shortly before midnight about a car stuck on the _______ tracks.
        A. railroad        
B. subway        
C. elevated walkway        D. skytrain
8. My elementary school was _______ surrounded by paddy field, but they have built a park on the
site.
        A. significantly          B. slightly        
C. gradually          D. initially
9. Most industries have _______ badly in the recession, but there have been a few notable
exceptions.
        A. suffered        
B. changed        
C. experienced         D. carried
10. The mall received a number of complaints from customers about the lack of parking _______
        A. conditions        
B. facilities        
C. necessities         D. conveniences
IV. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. Teachers and other professionals are taking part in a campaign to eradicate ________. (literacy)
2. The match was delayed because the rain had made the football pitch extremely ________. (mud)
3. A better water supply would contribute ________ to the villagers' well-being. (dramatic)
4. The problem for the future is the need to keep pace with ________ global population growth.
(mushroom)
5. Students should work ________ with their classmates and teacher, and especially in handing
assignments on time. (cooperate)
6. ________ production, investment and export growth of the country have been better than
expected. (industry)
7. People in my place don't build high walls round their estate to protect their ________. (private)
8. The citizens of this province used to be ________ of the neighbouring city's high standard of
living. (envy)
9. He visited his town after ten years, and to his ________ , the place had changed so much.
(astonish)
10. He is a bright child, but often rowdy, ________ and rough with others. (obedient)
C. GRAMMAR
I. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past perfect or past simple.
1. By the time we ________ (get) on the next train, we ________ (already, be) at the station for an
hour.
2. ________ (the men, finish) painting the wall before they ________ (start) painting the door?
3. To support an expanding population, farms outside the city ________ (have to) increase
production.
4. It ________ (rain) heavily yesterday after it ________ (be) dry for a long time.
5. Shortly after the flyover ________ (build), the goods traffic coming off the docks ________
(increase) drastically.
6. Sue ________ (manage) to push her way to the front of the crowd by the time the train ________
(arrive).
7. Which type of vehicle ________ (this brand, manufacture) before they ________ (begin) to
produce cars?

8. By the time the bus ________ (reach) the stop, there ________ (already, be) too many
passengers so the people at the bus stop had to wait for the next one.
9. People ________ (have) a new lifestyle, ________ (dress) in new fashions and ________ (go)
down the town in leisure time.
10. By the time the tunnel ________ (finish), the railway approaches to it ________ (build).
II. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1. It was brave (of / for) him to go into the burning house without thinking of himself.
2. It was (unprofessionally / unprofessional) of me to be absent from the meeting. I am truly sorry.
3. Jennifer ran to school because she (is afraid of/ was afraid that) she would be late again.
4. It is useful (for / of) us to gain an understanding of how the elderly lived their childhood.
5. They (be aware that / are aware of) the high cost of living once they move to the city.
6. It's going to be pretty hard (of them that they solve / for them to solve) those challenges together
as they have conflicts.
7. It was kind of him to (take us for / taking for us) a tour of his farm and the beautiful tourist
attractions in this town.
8. It is hard (for us to / for they) select one favourite experience because everything was so amazing.
9. The laws and regulations that had governed schools (were certain to change / were changed
certain) for the better.
10. That was smart (of you to agree / for your to agreeing) with what Michael was saying in the
meeting.
III. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
1. We ________ the village ________ to maintain and operate its water system.
        A. are all glad for - goes                
B. are all glad that - is going
        C. were glad that all - to go        
D. were glad all off - go
2. That was at a time when people only ________ films on TV sets, or ________ to a big city to see
them at the cinema.
        A. saw - went         B. see - go        C. had seen - went         D. saw - going
3. If you ________ to contact you, ________ your name and email address below.
        A. are happy for I - leave                
B. were happy of you - to leave
        C. are happy for us - leave             
D. are happy for we - leaving
4. When they departed for the beach, the sun ________, but by the time they arrived it ________
over.
        A. was shining - had clouded        
B. had shone - clouded
        C. shone - had clouded                
D. shines - clouded
5. They ________ the city's development plans will help them successfully adapt in the coming
years.
        A. were confident about                
B. are confident that
        C. are confident for them that        
D. are confident of them
6. The villagers ________ the industrial zone project ________ great opportunities and tangible
benefits.
        A. convinced of - had created        
B. were convinced for - created
        C. are convinced to - will create     
D. were convinced that - would create
7. I ________ we ________ a new plow truck to assist with the maintenance of the town's roads.
        A. am pleased that - will receive        
B. was pleased - will receive
        C. was pleased for - would receive        
D. pleased that - would receive
8. After cars ________ more accessible, manufacturers ________ bringing out production plans in
the country.
        A. has become - begin                
B. became - had begun
        C. had become - began                
D. became - has begun
9. Why ________ to forget our sad memories and what should we do about them?
        A. it is so hard for us        
 
B. it is so hard of us        

C. is it so hard of we        
D. is it so hard for us
10. The council ________ that the residents and their families ________ that situation.
        A. had been deeply sorry - experienced        B. was deeply sorry - had to experience
        C. deeply was sorry - experiences        
D. was sorry deeply - had experienced
IV. Choose the word or phrase that needs correction.
1. We are delighted that you are interesting in our town and come to spend your holiday.
                 
A                        
B                          
C         D
2. Black and white TV sets had been very popular before the digital switch starting some
            A                          
B                 C                                    
D
decades ago.
3. I was happy to hearing that I could study about their customs and tradition from their
        A                         B                          
C                                      
D
earlier days.
4. We used an old camera so the date posted on the photos were wrong except one
          A                                    
B                         C
which was in January 2011.
          D
5. They were better not begin building until they were sure that they would be permitted
            A                         B                           C                          
D
by law.
6. It is useful for us to have a good understand of the difficulties you are facing, so that
                A                                    
B                                                
C
we can help.
          D
7. Some parents were annoyed that the school's fencing had been taken down before
                           
A                                  
B                                
C
safety checks carried out.
                       
D
8. They should not have replied in that manner, and it was unprofessional of them reveal
                  A                             B                       C                        
D
my personal details.
9. The rivers were a popular means of transportation in the province before the roads
                 
A                   B                        
C
were built.
    D
10. My parents both worked really hardly when they were young so that we can have our
                   
A                       B                           C                 D
current house.
D. SPEAKING
I. Match the sentences.
1. I didn't know that Ha Noi used to have trams. a. Oh, you can even find thatched houses in my
2. The flyover has reduced the traffic jams here.
commune.
3. Have you ever enjoyed the view of Hai Van b. Yeah, technology has changed our life so
pass?
much.
4. Don't make noise, Bob!
c. Yes, Mom.
5. There are lots of houses with tiled roof in our d. Yes, there was a tramway system in the
village.
1970s.
6. This is a picture of your old school, isn't it?
e. Sorry, Ms Jane. I'll be quiet.
7. There are only three people in my family, my f. They should build more of them at other
parents and me. How about you?
intersections.
8. My father said it was unbelievable that g. I live with my parents and grandma.

everyone could have a smartphone h. I think it will reduce the problems drastically.
nowadays.
i. No, I haven't. I always travel through the
9. Will the skytrain system solve the traffic
tunnel.
problems in the city?
j. Yes, my school had been founded three
10. Turn the volume down. Your sister is
decades ago before it was rebuilt.
sleeping.
II. Put the sentences in the correct order to make a conversation.
        Really? Why?
        I see. Should I try the underpass someday?
        Wait! We should use the elevated walkway over there. It's safer!
        You're right! I should remember to use them more to cross the street.
       No, an underpass means an underground walkway for pedestrians. You can find it under some
roundabouts and intersections. Haven't you tried it?
       Yes, you should. I think underpasses are pretty safe and they also help us avoid exhaust fumes
from vehicles.
    1  Come on! Let's cross the street!
        No, I haven't. This is my first time hearing about it.
     Ah, alright. I didn't see it. There's always a walkway like this in crowded places such as
hospitals and parks, especially above big wide streets.
        There are also underpasses.
        I have walked in some underpasses, but to tell you the truth, I prefer the elevated walkway.
        What are they? Do you mean tunnels?
        I don't know. Maybe because I like the open surroundings and the view of vehicles travelling.
E. READING
I. Read the passage and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
A typical extended family in Vietnam consists of three or more generations living under the
same roof. Some even include aunts, uncles, and cousins. One of the main advantages of an
extended family is that they can lower their expenditure. They do not have to save money to buy a
house, can share things, and reduce the energy for heating, cooking and lighting. Healthy
grandparents are willing to take care of their young grandchildren, which helps to save the money of
childcare for the family.
Moreover, they spend more time together to form a close-knit family. The young members look
after the old ones, and the children are taught about cultures and family's traditions by their elder
relatives. In an extended family, each member shares chores and responsibilities. The elderly do not
have to suffer the feeling of loneliness and the younger can learn the actions of caring and good
behaviours.
Living in an extended family has certain advantages; however, each member must be tolerant to
get on well with other family members. Respect and obedience are also important. Though this kind
of family has existed in the culture for years, there are changes due to the fact that more and more
young people have left their family for other places to get jobs and education. In the new place, they
get married and form their own nuclear family.
1. Each Vietnamese extended family has only three generations. ________
2. Aunts, uncles, and cousins are not a part of an extended family. ________
3. Living in an extended family can help to save money. ________
4. Grandparents, whether they are healthy or not, are willing to take care of their grandchildren.
________
5. An extended family has to spend a lot of money for childcare. ________
6. Living in an extended family helps to form strong family bond. ________
7. Tolerance is actually a necessary quality in an extended family. ________
8. More and more young families have turned into nuclear families nowadays. ________
II. Read the passage and choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.

I still remember my grandpa's story about television in our village in late 1970s. At that time,
only wealthy family could (1) ________ a TV set, which was just black and white. The TV station
was in the centre of the city, about 50 kilometres from the village. It broadcast 2 hours a night.
There was only one channel (2) ________. The TV programs started at 6:00 pm every night with
cartoons or music for children. The next was national and international news program at 7:00 p.m.
There were some shows for adults such as plays, films, or music. Children and adults gathered
around the TV and enjoyed the programs together. The TV programs usually (3) ________ at 10:00
pm.
Nowadays, most families have a TV set in their living room. Many households have more than
one. Colour TVs have been launched in all shapes and sizes with numerous channels, (4) ________
controlled by a remote. The TV station broadcasts all day and night.
TV has become not only a means of entertainment, but also a tool for communicating, educating
and getting knowledge. Technology on TV is improving (5) ________. TV programs have been so
various and attractive that people have become (6) ________ to watching TV.
1. A. view        
B. afford        
C. sell        
D. produce
2. A. changeable        
B. achievable         C. possible        
D. available
3. A. broadcast        
B. transmitted         C. ended        
D. closed
4. A. conveniences         B. convenience         C. convenient         D. conveniently
5. A. slightly        
B. dramatically         C. mostly        
D. insignificantly
6. A. addicted        
B. free        
C. pleased        
D. interested
F. WRITING
I. Write complete sentences using adjective + to-infinitive or adjective + that-clause.
1. It/ necessary/ you/ wear/ sunscreen/ when/ you/ go/ beach
                
2. We/ glad/ announce/ reopening/ one/ our historic gardens
                
3. The old man/ was/ sorry/ his children/ not/ know/ much/ their ancestors
                
4. They/ pleased/ show you/ beautiful/ almost forgotten corners/ city
                
5. He/ afraid/ old church/ would/ demolish/ make into/ shopping mall
                
6. No matter where/ he/ live,/ he/ certain/ return/ his home village/ Tet holiday
                
7. The tourists/ astonished/ see/ vast paddy fields/ when/ visited/ Mekong Delta
                
8. She/ relieved/ they/ could live/ comfortably/ meet/ all their family's most basic needs
                
9. As/ senior/ this company,/ she/ delighted/ share/ experience
                
10. Mr Anderson/ says/ he/ happy/ spend time/ his grandchildren/ every weekend
                
II. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.
1. It's necessary for the young generations to stay close to their grandparents.
        The young generations need        
2. I don't mind telling you about the history of our school.
        I'll be happy        
3. She was so generous that she donated all her money to help disabled children.
        It was generous        
4. There were lots of old pictures of life in the past in the exhibition.
        The exhibition was        

5. After crossing the street, Hamilton took the bus.
        Before Hamilton        
6. This place was an abandoned mall for years, then they built a hospital.
        Before the hospital        
7. It has been over three years since my parents last went back to their hometown.
        My parents haven't        
8. The weather was too cold for us to go to the beach.
        The weather wasn't        
9. It will be impossible to develop if we don't apply new technologies.
        Unless        
10. It was such an old tram system that they couldn't use it anymore.
        The tram system was